This document provides an overview of grammar concepts including phrases, clauses, and sentence structures. It defines phrases as groups of words that are not complete sentences and provides examples. It explains the two types of clauses - main and subordinate - and that subordinate clauses cannot stand alone as a complete thought. Finally, it outlines the three basic sentence structures - simple, compound, and complex - and provides examples of each, including how they combine clauses.

1. Grammar Review
Unit 1 - 2

2. PHRASES
•Group of words
•Sing [1 word]
•Singing in the rain
•NOT a complete sentence

3. ADD SOME WORDS TO FORM A PHRASE
Cat - a cat on a hot tin roof
Bookstore - bookstore around the corner
Candies - a bag of delicious pink candies

4. CLAUSES [DETAILS IN COMPLEX SENTENCE]
•Subject + verb
•Two [2] types
•Main [Independent]
clause
•Can stand alone
•Subordinate clause
•FRAGMENT if stands
alone

5. SENTENCES
•Simple sentence
•Compound sentence
•Complex sentence

6. SIMPLE SENTENCE
•Minimum of a subject & a verb
•Independent clause = can stand alone
•A cat sat on a mat
•The cat was sleeping

7. COMPOUND SENTENCE
•Two [2] simple sentences joined
together with
•Coordinating conjunction
•FANBOYS
•Comma [,] between clauses

8. EXAMPLE
•Odie is about to have a hotdog, and
Garfield is standing behind him.

9. COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
•For - because || Yet - but
•I will love the light, for it shows me the
way, yet I will love the darkness
because it shows me the stars.
•Nor - and [in negative]
•A gem is not polished without rubbing,
nor is a man perfect without trials.

10. COMPLEX SENTENCE
•Main clause & subordinate
clause
•Main clause can stand alone
•Subordinate clause CANNOT

11. EXAMPLE
•I don’t like to go out when it
rains.
•I don’t like to go out - main clause
as it makes sense when standing
alone
•when it rains - subordinate clause
since it causes FRAGMENT when
standing alone

12. SUBORDINATE CLAUSES
•Adverb clause
•Relative clause
•Noun clause

13. ADVERB CLAUSE
•Used as modifier to the main clause
•Time: before, after, when
•Condition: if, unless, provided that
•Reason: because, as, since
•Concession: although

14. EXAMPLE
•Although time seems to fly, it never travels
faster than one day at a time. -- Steve
Malabori
•I will search for you through a
thousand worlds and ten thousand
lifetimes until I find you. -- 47 Ronin

15. RELATIVE CLAUSE
•Function as an adjective to the noun
that precedes
•The company is hiring a new
programmer who has experience in
Java program.
•The girl whose cat is missing is very
sad.

16. RELATIVE PRONOUN
•Who/whom
•Which
•Where
•When
•Why
•That

17. NOUN CLAUSE
•Function as a noun in a sentence
•Do you know where we are?
•I can’t believe that you are so mean.
•What she said is totally wrong.

18. COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE
•2+ independent clauses AND
•1+ dependent clause[s]
•While Jane is waiting for her friend,
Jill, who is always late, she has a good
time watching people walking by, and
she quite likes this time to herself.