Tom was happy on Saturday because there was no school and no homework. However, his happiness turned to sadness when his Aunt Polly told him he had to whitewash the entire fence that day.

1. Activity
• On Saturday there was no school
and no homework ____ Tom was
very happy _____ his happiness
turned into sadness ____ aunt
Polly had told him to whitewash
the whole fence on that day.
( Because , but , so)
Lets solves some
blanks to know
more about
functional words
to make good
speech /sentence.

2. Task : Fill in the gaps using proper function
word.
It was time to work . The teacher asked Darshan to read. Darshan walked up
to ________ (him/his) and said, “Teacher , ________(I/He)
heard about the earthquake at Bhooj. ________ (I/He) am upset. _______
(I/He) want to send _____ (my/his) pocket money to the relief fund. Do
______ (You/ I) think ____ (I/you) should request _____ (my/his) class-
mates to do the same ?”
_____ is free to attend the free coaching class. (Everybody , Many , Much )
Do you have ____ grammar book ? (any , some , many) __________ the
student of my class went on a picnic . ( Each , All , Some ) The class was full.
_____ was present in the class.(Anybody , Everybody , Somebody )

3. Fill in the blanks.
1. The Government wants to set _______ a big project in backward
area. (up, out , apart)
2. If you keep _______ , the success is in your hand. ( on, away ,
down)
3. Put _______ your shoes before you enter the temple. (on, off, out)
4. The elder son looks ______ the business of his father. (after , for ,
about )
5. The chief Guest will call _______ our school tomorrow. ( on , for ,
in)

4. On Saturday there was no school and no
homework __so__ Tom was very happy
__but___ his happiness turned into
sadness _because___ aunt Polly had told
him to whitewash the whole fence on
that day.
( Because , but, so )

5. 1. The Government wants to set _______ a big project in backward
area. (up, out , apart)
2. If you keep _______ , the success is in your hand. ( on, away ,
down)
3. Put _______ your shoes before you enter the temple. (on, off, out)
4. The elder son looks ______ the business of his father. (after , for ,
about )
5. The chief Guest will call _______ our school tomorrow. ( on , for ,
in)

6. It was time to work . The teacher asked Darshan to read. Darshan
walked up to ________ (him/his) and said, “Teacher , ________(I/He)
heard about the earthquake at Bhooj. ________ (I/He) am upset.
_______ (I/He) want to send _____ (my/his) pocket money to the relief
fund. Do ______ (You/ I) think ____ (I/you) should request _____
(my/his) class- mates to do the same ?”
_____ is free to attend the free coaching class. (Everybody , Many ,
Much ) Do you have ____ grammar book ? (any , some , many)
__________ the student of my class went on a picnic . ( Each , All ,
Some ) The class was full. _____ was present in the class.(Anybody ,
Everybody , Somebody )

7. Parts of speech
Noun , Pronoun , Adjective , Verbs , Adverbs ,
Preposition , Conjunctions , Articles

8. Definitions :
• Noun : name base on common & proper
• Pronoun : we are not using noun but using suitable noun.
( she/it/you/he/they/her/mine/my self/him/them)
• Adjective : a word that describes the traits (Quality of person), qualities, or
number of a noun.
( Smooth, Beautiful, Eleven books)
• Verb : A verb is the action or state of being in a sentence. Verbs can be expressed
in different tenses, depending on when the action is being performed.
• Adverb : Quickly, slowly, yesterday, last week, here, there, today, daily, never,
rarely, extremely, annually, etc., are some examples of adverbs.

9. • Preposition : In, on, at, through, across, above, over, up, down, to,
with, by, beside, beneath, in front of, between, among, etc. are
some examples of prepositions.
• Conjunctions : words that join together other words or groups of
words. ( Because , But , And , Although , Or)
• Articles : An article is a word that comes before a noun to show if it's
specific or general. ( A/An – Indefinite / The – Definite)

10. The 8 parts of speech
1) Noun :
• A noun is a word that names person, place, concept, or object.
Basically, anything that names a “thing” is a noun, whether you’re
talking about a basketball court, San Francisco, Cleopatra, or self-
preservation.
• Nouns fall into two categories: common nouns and proper
nouns. Common nouns are general names for things,
like planet and game show. Proper nouns are specific names for
individual things, like Jupiter.

14. 2). Pronouns
• Pronouns are the words you substitute for specific nouns when the
reader or listener knows which specific noun you’re referring to.
• You might say “Jennifer was supposed to be here at eight,” then
follow it with “she’s always late; next time I’ll tell her to be here a
half-hour earlier.”
• Instead of saying Jennifer’s name three times in a row, you
substituted she and her and your sentences remained grammatically
correct. Pronouns are divided into a range of categories.

16. 3) Adjectives :
• Adjectives are the words that describe nouns. Think about your
favorite movie. How would you describe it to a friend who’s never
seen it?
• You might say the movie was funny, engaging, well-written,
or suspenseful. When you’re describing the movie with these words,
you’re using adjectives. An adjective can go right before the noun it’s
describing (I have a black dog), but it doesn’t have to. Sometimes,
adjectives are at the end of a sentence (my dog is black).

19. 4 ) Verbs :
• Go! Be amazing! Run as fast as you can! Win the
race! Congratulate every participant who put in the work
and competed!
• These bolded words are verbs. Verbs are words that describe specific
actions, like running, winning, and being amazing.
• Not all verbs refer to literal actions, though. Verbs that refer to
feelings or states of being, like to love and to be, are known as non
action verbs. Conversely, the verbs that do refer to literal actions are
known as action verbs.

20. 5) Adverbs :
• An adverb is a word that describes an adjective, a verb, or another
adverb. Take a look at these examples:
• Here’s an example: I entered the room quietly. Quietly is describing
how you entered (verb) the room.
• Here’s another example: A cheetah is always faster than a
lion. Always is describing how frequently a cheetah
is faster (adjective) than a lion.

24. 6) Prepositions :
• Prepositions tell you the relationship between the other words in a
sentence.
• Here’s an example: I left my bike leaning against the garage. In this
sentence, against is the preposition because it tells us where I left my
bike.
• Here’s another example: She put the pizza in the oven. Without the
preposition in, we don’t know where the pizza is.

25. • Prepositions indicate direction, time, location, and spatial
relationships, as well as other abstract types of relationships.
• Direction: Look to the left and you’ll see our destination.
• Time: We’ve been working since this morning.
• Location: We saw a movie at the theater.
• Space: The dog hid under the table.

29. 7) Conjunctions :
• Conjunctions make it possible to build complex sentences that express
multiple ideas.
• I like mayonnaise sauce. I like alfredo sauce. I don’t like sauce. Each of
these three sentences expresses a clear idea. There’s nothing wrong with
listing your preferences like this, but it’s not the most efficient way to do it.
• Consider instead: I like red chilly sauce and alfredo sauce, but I don’t like
tomato sauce.
• In this sentence, and and but are the two conjunctions that link your ideas
together.

32. 8 ) Articles :
• A pear. The brick house. An exciting experience. These bolded words
are known as articles.
• Like nouns, articles come in two flavors: definite articles and
indefinite articles. And just like the two types of nouns, the type of
article you use depends on how specific you need to be about the
thing you’re discussing.
• A definite article describes one specific noun, like the and this.
Example: Did you buy the car?
• Now swap in an indefinite article: Did you buy a car?