This document provides vocabulary related to landmarks, monuments, statues, and expressions used to describe them. It includes terms like landmark, spike, abstract, and realistic. It defines monuments as structures built to remember historical events or people and statues as figures of people or animals. It also gives expressions like "be erected", "be unveiled", and discusses how monuments can be controversial or received.

1. UNIT 4
Local knowledge

2. VOCABULARY
Landmark: a structure that is striking and
easily recognized. It helps you know where
you are
Spike, spire: tall, lean, pointed structure
Abstract: representing an idea
Realistic: showing things as they are
Modern: relating to the present time
Traditional: following the customs

3. MONUMENT
A building or other structure
that is built to make people
remember an event in history
or a famous person

4. MONUMENT

5. STATUE
A figure that looks like a
person or animal, usually
made from stone or metal

6. STATUE

7. VOCABULARY
Commemorate: to honor & remember a
past event or a person by means of a
ceremony or specially created object
Celebrate: to do something enjoyable
because of a special event or someone’s
success
Amuse: make someone want to laugh or
smile

8. VOCABULARY
In honor of: in order to show appreciation
Signify: represent
To make people think: to cause people to
have doubts about something or to consider
something very seriously

9. EXPRESSION
Be erected: [a structure] be built or put up
Be unveiled: shown to the public
Be opened to the public: allow people to
enter

10. EXPRESSION
To criticize: to say that someone or
something is bad
Be heavily criticized
Be badly received
Controversial: causing a lot of discussion or
disagreement
Controversy: a lot of disagreement and
argument about something

11. EXPRESSION
Make a big impression: cause a strong
feeling, usually favorable
Didn’t know what to make of it
Cannot decide if you like or dislike
something
Be baffled by it
When something baffles you, you cannot
understand it at all

12. EXPRESSION
Grow to love
Warm [up] to: start to become interested or
enthusiastic about it
Tourist attraction: a place where tourists
want to visit
Tourist spot

13. VOCABULARY
Part of the landscape: accepted as normal
in its surroundings
An eyesore: something that looks ugly
Be situated: be located
To be regarded as: to consider something in
a particular way
Spot: see, notice

14. TALKING ABOUT WELL-
KNOWN PEOPLE
To be noticed by: one’s talent is
recognized, discovered by
To be probably [arguably] the most
famous ..
To have the first real success: to have
one’s first breakthrough with
To start out as: to begin one’s career as..
Come out: become available to the public

15. TALKING ABOUT WELL-
KNOWN PEOPLE
One of her techniques is ..
One of his famous works is ..
His movie won the Oscar for ..
Millions of her records have been sold every
year.
She is remembered as ..
She is regarded as ..

16. PRE LISTENING
As the name suggests: its name explains
itself, it is self-explanatory
Bleak: depressing, dismal, gloomy

17. WHEN YOU WANT TO MENTION
SOMETHING BUT ARE NOT SURE
WHERE THE ORIGIN IS FROM
As far as I can remember
They say that
I think I’m right in saying that
I read {simple past} somewhere that
I’ve heard that
If I remember it rightly [correctly]
If I’m not mistaken

18. PRE LISTENING
Get quite a shock
Turn out: to come to an event, to take part in it
Conspirator
To conspire: to work in a group to do
something illegal or harmful
Extravagant: lavish, exorbitant, spendthrift
Go on for days on end: to last several days

19. EXPRESSION
Nowadays ≠ in the old days, traditionally
The reason --- is because >> explain why
It’s quite normal to + V1
There’s a lot of + Ving or Noun
There will be ...>> explain what will happen
at the ceremony
It can be anywhere between -- and -->> to
give an approximation of something

20. ADDITIONAL
VOCABULARY
Charming: very pleasant, attractive,
fascinating
Check out: to go to a place in order to see
what it is like
Jammed: crowded
Landscape: the appearance of an area of
land, especially in the countryside

21. ADDITIONAL
VOCABULARY
Refreshing: invigorating
Rightly: in a correct way
Technique: a particular/special way of doing
things
Try [something] out: to test something to
see what it is like
Well-stocked: readily available in inventory