Form in architecture can be defined and transformed in various ways. Form has visual properties like shape, size, color, and texture that define its appearance. It also has relational properties based on its position and orientation. There are primary forms like spheres, cylinders, cones, pyramids, and cubes that can be transformed through operations such as rotation, scaling, and combination. Forms can be organized in centralized, linear, radial, clustered, and grid patterns. Articulation of a form is how its surfaces come together through techniques like corner treatment, color differentiation, and texture variation. Students will complete semester projects applying techniques of form manipulation, organization, and articulation to develop new creative forms.

1. Form in Architecture
Content
1. Form and Its properties
• What is form and are its characters
2. Types of Form
• Primary and irregular forms
3. Transformation of Form
• How a complicated form is produced from primary forms
4. Organization of Form
• How we group and arrange forms
5. Articulation of Form
• How we enhance the aesthetics quality of a form

2. 1. Form and Its Properties
1.1 Form
• a sense of three dimensional mass or volume
• the total visual appearance of a design.
• the point of contact between mass and space
• an external appearance that can be recognized
• the manner of arranging and coordinating the elements
and parts of a composition so as to produce a coherent
image

3. 1.2 Visual Property of Form
• We identify form by its Visual Property
• Shape
• Size
• Color and
• Texture

4. 1.2.1 Shape
• The outline of the configuration of a particular form
• Shape is the principal aspect by which we identify
and categorize forms.

5. 1.2.2 Size
• The physical dimensions of a form: length, width & height
• Proportion: size relationship among a particular form length,
width and height

6. 1.2.3 Color
• The visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum of light
that is reflected by the form.
• Affects the visual weight of a form
• Distinguishes a form from its environment

7. Color

8. 1.2.4 Texture
• The visual quality given to a surface by the arrangement of its
parts
• Affects the visual weight of a form

9. Texture

10. Form and Its Properties (cont…)
1.3 Relational Properties of Form
• Properties inherited because of its relationship with its
surrounding
• Position
• Orientation
• Visual Inertia

11. 1.3.1 Position
• The location of a form relative to its environment or the visual
field within which it is seen. ( at top, middle, back, front…)

12. 1.3.2 Orientation
• The direction of a form relative to the ground plane, compass,
person viewing the form ….

13. 1.3.3 Visual Inertia
• The visual stability of a form that depends on its orientation
relative to the ground plane

14. 2. Types of Form
2.1 Primary Forms
2.1.1 Sphere
• A solid formed by a rotation of a circle about its diameter
• Self centered and stable in normal position
• From any view, it retains its circular shape

15. Spherical Forms

16. 2.1.2 Cylinder
• A solid formed by a rotation of a rectangle about its one side
• It is a self centered form but can be extended in one direction
• Stable on its base position, but unstable when inclined
• Its top view is circle and side view is rectangular

17. Cylindrical Forms

18. 2.1.3 Cone
• A solid formed by a rotation of a right triangle about its axis
• It is a self centered form
• Stable on its base position, but unstable when inclined &
overturned
• Its top view is circle and side view is right triangle

19. Conical Forms

20. 2.1.4 Pyramid
• A polyhedron having a polygon base and triangular faces
• It is a semi self centered form
• Stable in any position except overturned
• Its top view is polygon and side view is a triangle

21. Pyramidal Forms

22. 2.1.5 Cube
• A prismatic solid bounded by six
equal square sides
• It is easy to combine with other forms
• Stable in any position except at its vertex
• Its view is square from any direction

23. Rectangular Forms

24. Types of Form (cont…)
2.2 Regular Forms
• A form of which parts are related one another in consistent &
orderly manner
• Stable in nature and symmetrical about one or more axis
• Retain their regularity when transformed dimensionally and etc

25. Types of Form (cont…)
2.3 Irregular Forms
• A form of which parts are dissimilar and related one another in
random manner
• Asymmetrical and more dynamic
• Can be regular forms from which irregular forms are subtracted
• Results from an irregular composition of regular forms

26. Irregular Forms

27. 3. Transformation of Form
• All other forms can be understood to be transformation of
the primary solids
• Variation of forms can be achieved by
• Shape Transformation
• Combination Transformation

28. 3. Transformation of Form (cont…)
3.1 Shape Transformation
• Once we have the initial form in the design process, we can perform
operations that change its form in some way
• The most common shape transformations are:
• Rotation
• Reflection
• Scaling
• Translation
• Stretching
• Shearing

29. 3.1 Shape Transformation
3.1.1 Rotation
• A Form transformation by rotating the basic form

30. Rotation

31. 3.1 Shape Transformation (cont…)
3.1.2 Reflection
• A Form transformation by mirror reflection of the basic form

32. Reflection

33. 3.1 Shape Transformation (cont…)
3.1.3 Scaling
• A Form transformation by increasing the size of the basic form

34. Scaling

35. 3.1 Shape Transformation (cont…)
3.1.4 Translation
• A Form transformation by repetition of the basic forms

36. Translation

37. 3.1 Shape Transformation (cont…)
3.1.5 Stretching
• A Form transformation by increasing on dimension of the basic
form

38. Stretching

39. 3.1 Shape Transformation (cont…)
3.1.6 Shearing
• A Form transformation by changing the angle of the basic form

40. 3.2 Combination Transformation
3.2.1 Addition Transformation
• Such transformation is happened by relating or physically
attaching one or more subordinate forms to main form

41. 3.2 Combination Transformation (cont…)
3.2.1 Addition Transformation (cont…)

42. Detachment

43. 3.2.1 Addition Transformation (cont…)

44. Edge to Edge and Vertex to Vertex

45. 3.2.1 Addition Transformation (cont…)

46. Face to Face Contact

47. 3.2 Combination Transformation (cont…)
3.2.1 Addition Transformation (cont…)

48. Interlocking

49. 3.2 Combination Transformation (cont…)
3.2.1 Addition Transformation (cont…)

50. Third Element Link

51. 3.2 Combination Transformation (cont…)
3.2.2 Subtraction Transformation
• when parts of a primary solid are missed, a new
form will be formed
• depend on the subtraction process, the primary
form may retain
or loose its identity

52. Subtraction
Transformation

53. 3.2 Combination Transformation (cont…)
3.2.3 Formal Collisions Transformation

54. Formal Collision

55. 4. Form Organization
4.1 Centralized Form

56. Centralized Form

57. 4.2 Linear Form

58. Linear Form

59. 4.3 Radial Form

60. Radial Form

61. 4.4 Clustered Form

62. Clustered Form

63. 4.5 Grid Form

64. Grid Form

65. 5. Form Articulation
5.1 Concept of Form Articulation
• The manner in which the surfaces of a form come together to
define its shape and volume
• Revealing the precise nature of its parts and their relationship
• Surfaces and Corners appear as discrete planes
( corners ) with distinct shapes
• The overall configuration is legible and
easily perceived

66. 5.2 Methods of Form Articulation
1. Differentiating adjoining plans by
• Change in color, texture, material or pattern
2. Developing corners as distinct linear
elements from surfaces
3. Removing corners to physically
separate neighboring plans

67. Methods of Form Articulation (cont...)
4. Lighting the form to create sharp contrasts
in tonal value along Edge and corner
5. The corner of the form can be rounded
or colored

68. 5.3 Types of Form Articulation (cont…)
5.3.1 Corner Articulation (cont…)
A. Untreated Corner
• If the surfaces of a form simply touch with untreated form, then
the corner remain untouched
• Articulation of the form depends on the visual treatment of the
surfaces
• Such corner rather
emphasizes the
volume of a form

69. Untreated Corner

70. B. Distinct Corner
• A separate and treated corner element independent of surfaces
• This element articulates the corner as a linear condition
• It defines the edges of the adjoining planes
• The corner becomes a positive feature of the form

71. Distinct Corner

72. C. One Side Open Corner
• One of the planes will appear to by pass the other
• The opening diminishes the corner condition
• It weakens the definition of the volume of the form
• It emphasizes the planar qualities of the adjoining surfaces

73. One Side Open Corner

74. D. Two Sides Open Corner
• A volume of space will be created to replace the corners
• It deteriorates the definition of the volume of the form
• It allows the interior space to leak outward
• It reveals the adjoining surfaces as planes in space

75. Open Two Side Corner

76. E. Rounded Corner
• It emphasizes the continuity of the adjoining surfaces
• It also features the compactness of its volume and the softness
of its corner
• If the radius is small , it becomes visually insignificant

77. Rounded Corner

78. 5. Form Articulation (cont…)
5.3 Types of Form Articulation (cont…)
5.3.2 Surface Articulation
A. Color
• Color contrast b/n a surface and its surrounding clarify its shape
• Modifying its tonal value can affect its visual weight

79. Color

80. 5.3.2 Surface Articulation (con…)
B. Texture
• Texture of a form affects
• Visual weight
• Scale of a plane
• Light and sound reflection
quality of the plane

81. Texture

82. 5.3.2 Surface Articulation (con…)
C. Pattern
• Directional or oversized optical patterns can
• Exaggerate the proportion of a plane
• Distort

83. Pattern

84. 5.3.2 Surface Articulation (con…)
D. Elements of Known Size
• Aid our perception the form’s
• Size
• Proportion
• Scale

85. Elements of Known Size

86. Semester Project 1.1
Create a new creative form from basic form by manipulating
properties of form or transformation of form
Out Put
• Volumetric Model of the new developed form
• Concept : an idea that you want to convey through the form
Time
• In One Week

87. Semester Project 1.2
Create a new creative form from basic form by applying
organization of form or articulation of form
Out Put
• Volumetric Model of the new developed form
• Concept : an idea that you want to convey through the form
Time
• In Two Week

88. Semester Project 1.3
Create a new creative form from basic form by applying a combination
of two or more techniques and other elements & principles of design
Out Put
• Conceptual diagram in A4 size paper that shows the
development of the form
• Volumetric Model of the new developed form
• Concept : an idea that you want to convey through the form
Time
• In Three Week

98. The End!