properties-of-2D-3D-Shapes by Despina Muchanditya.pdf
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This document defines and describes properties of 2D and 3D shapes. It discusses solid 3D shapes such as cubes, cuboids, spheres, cones and cylinders which have dimensions of length, width and height as well as faces, edges and vertices. Plane or 2D shapes are also described as having only two dimensions of length and width. Common 2D shapes include polygons, quadrilaterals, circles, triangles, squares, rectangles, pentagons, hexagons and octagons. Their defining properties such as number of sides, angles and lines of symmetry are provided.
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This document defines and describes various two-dimensional and three-dimensional shapes. It discusses properties such as faces, edges, vertices, parallel and perpendicular lines. Specific shapes covered include cubes, cuboids, spheres, hemispheres, cones, cylinders, pyramids, prisms as well as two-dimensional polygons, quadrilaterals and other plane shapes. The document aims to explain key geometric properties and terminology related to describing solid and plane shapes.
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https://app.box.com/s/qhtvq32h4ybf9t49ku85x0n3xl4jhr15Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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- 3. Three-dimensional Shapes (3D) • These shapes are solid or hollow. • They have three dimensions – length, width and height.
- 4. Face • Part of a shape that is flat.(Or curved) • E.g. A cube has 6 of these.
- 5. Edge • The line where two faces meet. • E.g. A cube has 12 of these.
- 6. Vertex (Vertices) • The place where three or more edges meet. • This pyramid has 4 of these.
- 7. Parallel • These type of lines stay the same distance apart for their whole length. They do not need to be straight or the same length.
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- 9. Cuboid • A 3D shape. • 6 rectangular faces. • 12 Edges. • 8 Vertices. • It’s 2D shape is a rectangle.
- 10. Sphere • A perfectly round 3D shape, like a ball. • It has only one curved face. • It’s 2D shape is a circle.
- 11. Cone • A 3D shape. • Has a circle at its base and a pointed vertex. • Has 2 faces.
- 12. Cylinder • A 3D shape. • Circular ends of equal size. • 2 Edges. • 3 Faces. • 0 Vertices.
- 13. Square base pyramid • A 3D shape. • Has a square base- Face 1. • 4 triangular faces. • 5 faces in total. • 8 Edges. • 5 Vertices.
- 15. Two-dimensional Shapes (2D) • These shapes are flat and can only be drawn on paper. • They have two dimensions – length and width. • They are sometimes called plane shapes.
- 16. Polygons Two-dimensional shapes that have sides made from straight lines. • E.g. triangles squares hexagons
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- 19. Triangle • A 2D Shape. • 3 straight sides. • 3 Corners. • A regular triangle (equilateral) has 3 lines of symmetry. • Can you name 4 different kinds?
- 20. Square • A 2D shape. • 4 sides of the same length. • 4, 90° angles. • 4 corners. • 4 Lines of symmetry.
- 21. Rectangle • A 2D shape. • four straight sides • Has two pairs of parallel sides that meet at right angles. • This means 2 sides are long and 2 are shorter. • 2 Lines of symmetry.
- 22. Pentagon • A 2D shape. • 5 straight sides. • 5 Corners. • 5 Lines of Symmetry.
- 23. Hexagon • A 2D shape. • 6 straight sides • 6 Corners. • 6 Lines of symmetry.
- 24. Octagon • A 2D shape. • 8 straight sides • 8 Corners. • 8 Lines of Symmetry.