This document defines key concepts related to society. It provides 7 definitions of society from various scholars that emphasize society as a complex pattern of interactions and relationships between individuals. Society is characterized as a web of social relationships where people are interdependent and cooperate through institutions, customs, and a sense of shared identity. The elements that constitute society include usages, authority, mutual aid, groupings, controls on behavior and liberties, and the realization of human interdependence.

1. BASIC CONCEPTS
Society:
• Complex pattern of interactions
• Society – a process rather than a thing
• System of relationships
• Derived from Latin word “socious”
• Means companionship or friendship
• Companionship - sociability

2. George Simmel
• Gregarious instinct of man
• Compels to live in company of others

3. Aristotel
• Man is a social animal
• Man needs society for his existence
• Human life and society go together

4. Definition of Society
1. Mociver and Page
• Society – system of usages
• Authority, Mutual aid
• Many grouping, divisions
• Controls of human behavior
• And of liberties

5. 2. G.D.M. Cole
• Complex of organized associations
• Institutions within community
3. Ginsberg
• Collection of individuals united by relations,
mode of behavior
• Which make them off from others.

6. 4. Maciver
• Web of social relationships
5. Giddings
• it is the union itself
• The organization
• The sum of formal relations

7. 6. Lapiere
• Complex pattern of norms of interaction
7. Green
• It is the larger group
• Any individual belongs

8. Society
• Structural and functional organization
• Mutual interactions
• Structure formed by relations
• It is a pattern
• A system, not the people
• Total heritage of folkways, mores, institutions
• Habits, sentiments and ideas

9. • Complex of groups in reciprocal relationships
• To help human organisms
• To carry on life activities
• Helping to fulfill his desire

10. Characteristics
• Web of social relationships
• Awareness of presence of one another
• Reciprocal awareness
• Conscious of kind
• We feeling

11. 1. Society means likeness and
difference
Maciver
• Society means likeness
• Blood relationships, nationality, one world
• Society also implies difference
• Similarities, differences, both needed
• If men are alike, social intercourse limited
• Biological differences, natural differences of
aptitude, interest, capacity
• Conflict, agreement, dissent
• Division of labor

12. 2. Interdependence
• Family based on biological interdependence of
man and women
• They are mutually interdependent
• Interdependence of nations
• Global village, SAARC
• UNESCO, WHO, etc

13. 3. Cooperation
• Essential to constitute society
• No society can exist without cooperation
• It avoids mutual destructiveness
• In its absence, society may collapse

14. The seven elements which constitute
society
Maciver
• Usages pertaining to marriage, education
religion
• Some procedures to maintain unity
• Authority to maintain order
• Stability with mutual aid
• Society includes several groupings; family,
village, etc

15. • Control necessary for its organization
• Liberty and control go together
• Society exists in human psyche
• People to realize their likeness and inter
dependence
• Sense of ‘we feeling’
• System of social relationships
• It is a process of relationships.