This document provides information about manmade fibers, including their definition, sources, historical development, and classification. It defines manmade fibers as fibers that do not occur naturally but are manufactured through chemical processes. The document discusses the first synthetic fiber, nylon, and other milestones in manmade fiber development. It explains that generic fiber names approved by international standards are used for labeling purposes and gives examples of generic fiber names classified by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

1. BASIC
CONCEPT OF
MANMADE
FIBER

2. Content
Definition and Source
Generic and Trade Name
Historical Development
Classification

3. Key
Questions
1. Is orange fiber a manmade fiber?
2. Which manmade fiber is produced from another manmade fiber?
3. What is the first synthetic fiber?
4. Which is the world’s most popular manmade fiber?
5. Write full name of the world’s strongest textile fiber.
6. Give three names of high performance fibers.
7. Provide three examples of new generation fiber.
8. Which name of fiber must be used for labeling of textiles?
9. Write five generic names of fiber together with their trade names.

4. DEFINITION
 A fibre that does not occur in nature, although the material of which
it is composed may occur naturally. (Textile Terms and Definitions,
11th Ed, The Textile Institute, UK, 2002, p.129)
 The fiber forming substances have to be manufactured by chemical
methods instead of growing them in fields.Because of this, man-
made fiber is also called chemical or manufactured fiber.
Fibre
Manufatured Man Made

5. Source or Origin
Natural polymers e.g. viscose from wood pulp, azlon from
natural protein like milk, corn or soybeans.
Naturally occurring non-polymer materials e.g. metal fiber
from metals and ores, glass fiber from silica and other
minerals.
Synthesized polymers e.g. polyamides, polyesters from
petrochemicals or natural gas.
Other manufactured fibers e.g. carbon fiber from acrylic
fiber.

6. Orange
Fibre

8. Enrica Arena
and
Andriana Santanocito

9. Historical
Development

10. 1664
English physicist Robert
Hooke suggested the
possibility of extruding
Artificial silk by a
mechanical process
influenced by imitation
of the silkworm.

11. 1884
French chemist Hilairede
Chardonnet produced first
manmade fiber from
nitrocellulose(GUN COTTON),
commercial production started in
1890.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WD6vURwCkNA

12. 1905
The commercial production of first successful
manmade fiber viscose started in UK by Courtaulds.

13. 1935-38
The first synthetic fiber nylon was discovered by WH
Carothers. Paul Schlack invented Perlon® nylon in 1938.

14. 1941
Polyester fiber was
discovered by
Dickson& Whinfield
in UK. Commercial
production started in
1953.

15. New Generation Fibers
Commercial Production of elastomeric fiber spandex(Lycra®) in
1959by Du Pont, USA.
Can be stretched more than 500% without breaking.

16. New Generation Fibers
Commercial production of high performance fiber
aramid(Kevlar®) in 1971 by Du Pont, USA.
CAMOUFLAGE fabric
Application
1. Military Uniform
2. Combact Gear
3. Field Jacket Breathable, Durable, and Comfortable
4. Special Forces Uniforms
Properties
1. Inherently fire retardant
2. customized camouflage patterns
3. High color fastness Breathable, Durable, and Comfortable

17. New Generation Fibers
Commercial Production of lyocell(Tencel®) in 1992by
Courtaulds, UK.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=brPHZ3Ls1Rg

18. New Generation Fibers
Commercialization of PBOin 1998jointly developed by
USAF & Toyobo (Zylon®).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4qyybWoPXI

19. New Generation Fibers
FTC designation of first biodegradable fiber PLA in 2002 by
Cargill Dow, USA.
Polylactic
acid or polylactid
e (PLA) is a
thermoplastic
aliphatic
polyester.
Polylactic acid
(PLA) is an
environmentally
friendly, plant-
derived
thermoplastic

20. New Generation Fibers
FTC designation of triexta for PTT(Polytrimethylene
Terephthalate) fiber in 2009 by Mohawk & Du Pont, USA.
PTT is a
thermoplastic
polyester
fiber

21. GENERIC
AND TRADE
NAME
Nomenclature

22. Generic Name
Generic name of a textile fiber refers to-
1. Its basic technologies and properties,
2. Usually approved by government or international
bodies,
3. To be used for customs and textile product labeling
purposes.

23. Generic Name
According to the EU regulation 1007/2011, US/FTC
regulations(TFPIA= Textile Fiber Products Identification Act) and
related national regulations around the world-
The fiber composition of textile products must be stated in
all stages of processing and marketing using the generic
names.
ISO2076 lists the generic names of the different categories of
man-made fibers currently manufactured industrially for textile
purposes.

24. Trade Name
Trade name or brand name is used by
individual producers to identify and market
their own products.
Terylene®(ICI), Tetoron®(Toray/Teijin),
Lycra®(DuPont), Tencel®(Lenzing),
Zylon®(Toyobo), Dyneema®(DSM).

25. Trade Name

26. CLASSIFICATION
Generic Types

27. Generic Name by ISO

28. Generic Name by ISO
 By transformation of natural polymers
 ALG alginate, CA acetate, CUP cupro, ED elastodiene
 CLY lyocell, CMD modal, CTA triacetate, CV viscose
 From Synthetic polymers
 PAN acrylic, AR aramid, CLF chlorofiber, EL elastane, ED elastodiene
 EOL elastolefin, EME elastomultiester, PTFE fluorofiber, MAC modacrylic
 PA polyamide, PES polyester, PE polyethylene, PI polyimide, PLA polylactide
 PP polypropylene, PVAL vinylal
ISO 2076:2013 (en)

29. Generic
Name
by FTC