The document discusses the invention and production of nylon fiber, the first wholly synthetic fiber, by DuPont in 1938. It describes the monomer, polymer, and repeating units that make up different types of nylon fibers such as nylon 6 and nylon 6.6. The physical and chemical properties and end uses of nylon fibers are also summarized.

1. Assignment
TE-2603
Fibrous Materials and Textile Physics - II
Assignment Title: Nylon Fibre
Submitted by:
Submitted to:
Mr. Abu Yousuf Mohammad Anwarul Azim
Assistant Professor
Department of Textile Engineering
Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology (DUET),
Gazipur
Name
ID:
Semester & Year :
Department:
Md Esrail
175005
2nd
Year 2and Semister
Textile Engineering

2. What is textile fibers ?
Textile fibers are the fibers that have the minimum
length, strength, fineness, flexibility, luster, resilience,
connectivity, elasticity, moisture retentionetc.is called
textile fibre .
Types of Textile Fiber:
Textile fibers are normally broken down into two main
classes:
1. Natural Fiber
2. Man-made Fiber

3. Natural Fiber:
All fibers which come from natural sources (animals,
mineral, plants, etc.) and do not require fiber formation or
reformation are classed as natural fibers. Natural fibers
include the protein fibers such as wool and silk, the
cellulose fibers such as cotton and linen, and the mineral
fiber asbestos.
Man-made Fiber:
Man-made fibers are fibers in which either the basic
chemical units have been formed by chemical synthesis
followed by fiber formation or the polymers from natural
sources have been dissolved and regenerated after passage
through a spinneret to form fibers. Those fibers made by
chemical synthesis are often called synthetic fibers, while
fibers regenerated from natural polymer sources are called
regenerated fibers or natural polymer fibers. In other
words, all synthetic fibers and reenter acted fibers are man-
made fibers, since man is involved in the actual fiber
formation process. The synthetic man-made fibers include
the polyamides (nylon), polyesters, acrylics, polyolefin,
vinyls, and elastomeric fibers, while the regenerated fibers
include rayon, the cellulose acetates, the regenerated
proteins, glass and rubber fibers.

4. Classification Of Natural and Man-Made Fiber :

5. In October 1938, DuPont announced the
invention of the first wholly synthetic
fibre ever produced. Given the trade name
Nylon (which has now become a generic
term), the material was actually
polyhexamethylene adipamide, also
known as nylon 6,6 for the presence of six
carbon atoms in each of its two
monomers. Commercial production of the
new fibre began in 1939 at DuPont’s plant
in Seaford, Del., U.S., which in 1995 was
designated a historic landmark by the
American Chemical Society. Soon after the
DuPont fibre was marketed, nylon 6
(polycaprolactam) was produced in Europe
based on the polymerization of
caprolactam. Nylon 6 and nylon 6,6 have
almost the same structure and similar
properties and are still the most important
polyamide fibres worldwide.
A Brief History of The Invention of Nylon
fiber

6. Monomer, Polymer And Repeating Unit Of Nylon
Fiber Fibresc FFFFfibre :

7. Types of Nylon Fibers :
1. Nylon 6
2. Nylon 6.6
3. Nylon 6.10
4. Nylon 6.12 etc.
Preparation of Nylon-6, Nylon-6.6 and Nylon-6.10

11. Compare the physical properties of Nylon-6 and
Nylon-6.6 :
Nylon-6.6 Nylon-6
Themonomer of nylon-6.6 is,
HOOC-(C𝐻2)4-COOH
Adipic Acid
And
𝐻2N-(C𝐻2)6-N𝐻2
Hexamethylene Diamide
The monomer of nylon-6 is ,
C𝐻2- C𝐻2- C𝐻2- C𝐻2- C𝐻2
CO NH
Caprolactam
The degree of polymerization of
nylon 6.6 is 50-80
The degree of polymerization of
nylon-6 is 200

12. Physical Properties
 Tenacity: 4-9 gm/den (dry), in wet 90% of dry.
 Elasticity: Breaking extension is 20-40%.
 Stiffness: 20-40 gm/den.
 Moisture regain : 3.5-5% (not absorbent due to
crystallinity).
 Specific gravity : 1.14.
 Abrasion resistance : Excellent.
 Dimensional stability : Good.
 Resiliency: Excellent.
 Softening point: Nylon 6,6 – 2290
C, Nylon 6 – 1490
C.
 Melting point: Nylon 6,6 – 2520
C, Nylon 6 – 2150
C.
 Hand feel: Soft and smooth.

13. Chemical Properties
Acid: Nylon 6.6 is attacked by mineral acids is
disintegrated or dissolved almost. But is inert to dilute
acetate acid and formic acids even of the boil. It is
dissolved in the concentrated formic acid. Nylon 6 is
attacked by mineral acid but resistant to dilute boiling
organic acid.
Bleaches: Not attacked by oxidizing and reducing
bleaches but may be harmed by chlorine and strong
oxidizing bleaches.
Alkali: Nylon is substantially inert to alkalis.
Organic solvent: Most of the solvent have little or no
effect on nylon. Phenol metacressol and formic acid
dissolve the fibre but solvents used in stain removal and
dry cleaning do not damage it.
Light: No discoloration. Nylon 6 gradually loss of
strength on prolonged extension.

14. Biological: Neither micro organism nor moth, larvae
attack nylon.
Electrical: High insulating properties leads to static
charges on the fibre.
Flammability: Burns slowly.
 Clothing – Shirts, Foundation garments, lingerie,
raincoats, underwear, swimwear and cycle
wear.
 Industrial uses – Conveyer and seat belts,
parachutes, airbags, nets and ropes, tarpaulins,
thread, and tents
 It is used to make a fishnet.
End Use of Nylon Fiber

15.  It is used as plastic in manufacturing machine
parts
 Nylon 6 and 6.6 fibers are used
in carpet manufacture.
 Nylon is one kind of fibers used in tire cord.
 Nylon resins are used as a component of food
packaging films where an oxygen barrier is
needed.
 Nylon filaments are primarily used in brushes
especially toothbrushes and string trimmers.
They are also used as monofilaments in fishing
line. Nylon 6.10 and 6.12 are the most used
polymers for filaments.
 Its various properties also make it very useful as
a material in additive manufacturing; specifically
as a filament in consumer and professional
grade fused deposition modeling 3D printers

16.  Overall Nylon is used in the garment and home
furnishing industry. However, due to its higher
price and lesser wrinkle resistance, it has been
replaced by polyester in many garment
products. Yet, it remains an important fiber for
more demanding applications, including ropes,
seat belts, hoses, conveyer belts, racket strings,
sleeping bags, tents, and various civil
engineering materials.