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Basic Brain Function and Injury
- 1. Basic Brain Function andBasic Brain Function and InjuryInjury By: Jonathan ElliottBy: Jonathan Elliott
- 2. The BrainThe Brain Parts of the Brain and their FunctionsParts of the Brain and their Functions – LobesLobes – GlandsGlands – PartsParts
- 3. PartsParts Gray MatterGray Matter – Area containing the neurons of theArea containing the neurons of the brainbrain – White MatterWhite Matter Contained within the brain and spinal cordContained within the brain and spinal cord
- 4. Parts and FunctionParts and Function CerebrumCerebrum – Is made up of four lobesIs made up of four lobes FrontalFrontal ParietalParietal TemporalTemporal OccipitalOccipital Each house different aspects of the brainEach house different aspects of the brain
- 5. LobesLobes Frontal Lobe- responsible forFrontal Lobe- responsible for thought, emotion, speech, andthought, emotion, speech, and skilled movementsskilled movements Parietal Lobe- sensations such asParietal Lobe- sensations such as touch and paintouch and pain Occipital Lobe- detects and interpretsOccipital Lobe- detects and interprets visual inputvisual input Temporal Lobe- helps with soundTemporal Lobe- helps with sound and memory storageand memory storage
- 7. Brain StemBrain Stem PartsParts – Medualla OblongataMedualla Oblongata – PonsPons – MidbrainMidbrain – The brain stem connects to your spinalThe brain stem connects to your spinal cordcord
- 8. Medualla OblongataMedualla Oblongata Forms the lower aspect of the brainForms the lower aspect of the brain stemstem – Controls cardiovascular centerControls cardiovascular center – Breathing centerBreathing center – SensorySensory – ReflexesReflexes Swallowing, coughing, sneezing, hiccupping,Swallowing, coughing, sneezing, hiccupping, vomitingvomiting
- 9. MO cont…MO cont… Cranial NervesCranial Nerves – Vestibulochlear (VIII)- hearing and balanceVestibulochlear (VIII)- hearing and balance – GLossopharyngeal (IX)- swallowing and tasteGLossopharyngeal (IX)- swallowing and taste – Vagus (X)-touch, pain, temperature,Vagus (X)-touch, pain, temperature, swallowing, coughing, voice productionswallowing, coughing, voice production – Accessory Nerve (XI)- throat muscles,Accessory Nerve (XI)- throat muscles, movement of head and shouldersmovement of head and shoulders – Hypoglossal Nerve- tongue muscles, speechHypoglossal Nerve- tongue muscles, speech
- 11. PonsPons Rests above the MORests above the MO – Connects MO to midbrain, similar to aConnects MO to midbrain, similar to a bridgebridge – Contains an area that helps controlContains an area that helps control breathingbreathing
- 12. Pons Cranial NervesPons Cranial Nerves Trigeminal (V)-touch, pain,Trigeminal (V)-touch, pain, temperature, chewing, forehead,temperature, chewing, forehead, nose, teethnose, teeth Abducens (VI)- Eye musculature andAbducens (VI)- Eye musculature and movementmovement Facial Nerve (VII)-tongue, faceFacial Nerve (VII)-tongue, face movements, expressionmovements, expression Vestibulochlear Nerve (VII)Vestibulochlear Nerve (VII)
- 14. MidbrainMidbrain Connects pons to Diencephalon (nextConnects pons to Diencephalon (next topic!)topic!) Loss of neurons in this areLoss of neurons in this are associated with Parkinson Diseaseassociated with Parkinson Disease (Michael J. Fox, Muhammad Ali)(Michael J. Fox, Muhammad Ali)
- 15. DiencephalonDiencephalon ThalamusThalamus HypothalmusHypothalmus Pineal GlandPineal Gland Pituitary GlandPituitary Gland
- 17. ThalamusThalamus Relays sensory nerve impulses to theRelays sensory nerve impulses to the cerebral cortexcerebral cortex – It’s a relay point for imformationIt’s a relay point for imformation
- 18. HypothalamusHypothalamus Controls your endocrine systemControls your endocrine system (chemical messengers) and regulates(chemical messengers) and regulates body activities including sleepbody activities including sleep
- 19. Pineal GlandPineal Gland Is connected to the nerves from theIs connected to the nerves from the eyes (optic nerve) and controls bodyeyes (optic nerve) and controls body rhythms such as sleep and wakingrhythms such as sleep and waking
- 20. Pituitary GlandPituitary Gland Produces various hormones and alsoProduces various hormones and also helps with control of the endocrinehelps with control of the endocrine systemsystem FunctionsFunctions – Growth (HGH0Growth (HGH0 – Blood PressureBlood Pressure – Child BirthChild Birth – Temperature regulationTemperature regulation – Energy productionEnergy production
- 21. TBI’s and ConcussionsTBI’s and Concussions Both are a traumatic injury to theBoth are a traumatic injury to the brainbrain TBIs are more traumatic as they areTBIs are more traumatic as they are more associated with vehicularmore associated with vehicular accidents or fallsaccidents or falls Concussions can also occur inConcussions can also occur in vehicular accidents or falls but arevehicular accidents or falls but are becoming more evident in Sportsbecoming more evident in Sports
- 22. ConcussionsConcussions ScaleScale – MildMild – ModerateModerate – SevereSevere Post Concussion Syndrome aka SecondPost Concussion Syndrome aka Second Impact SyndromeImpact Syndrome
- 23. Ted Johnson –Linebacker NETed Johnson –Linebacker NE Patriots-Patriots-
- 24. Jim McMahon- QBJim McMahon- QB
- 25. Chris Nowinski- former WWEChris Nowinski- former WWE wrestler, now Advocate for properwrestler, now Advocate for proper handling of Concussionshandling of Concussions