The 12 pairs of cranial nerves provide sensory information from sense organs to the brain and control muscles. They include the olfactory nerve which carries smell information to the brain, the optic nerve which carries vision information to the retina, and the oculomotor nerve which controls eye muscles. Other cranial nerves are the trigeminal nerve which carries sensory information from the face, the facial nerve which controls facial expressions, the vestibulocochlear nerve which provides balance and hearing, and the hypoglossal nerve which controls the tongue muscles. The cranial nerves have both sensory and motor functions and are vital for human senses and muscle control.

1. Cranial
nerves
Arturo G. Hernández Morales

2. Are 12 pairs of
nerves that can
be seen on the
ventral (bottom)
surface of the
brain.
Information
from the
sense
organs.
Control of
muscles.
Sensory .
Mixed
nerves.

3. I.- OLFACTORY
– This is a type of sensory nerve that contributes in the sense
of smell in human being.
– It carries the information from nasal epithelium to the
olfactory center in brain.

4. II.- OPTIC
This again is a type of
sensory nerve that
transforms information
about vision to the
brain.
To be specific this
supplies information to
the retina in the form
of ganglion cells.

5. III.- OCULOMOTER
– This is a form of motor nerve that supplies to different
centers along midbrain.
– Its functions include superiorly uplifting eyelid, superiorly
rotating eyeball, construction of pupil on the exposure to
light and operating several eye muscles.

6. IV.- TROCHLEAR.
– This motor nerve also supplies to the midbrain and
performs the function of handling the eye muscles and
turning the eye.

7. V.- TRIGEMINAL.
This is a type of largest
cranial nerve in all and
performs many sensory
functions related to nose,
eyes, tongue and teeth.
It basically is further
divided in three branches
that are ophthalmic,
maxillary and mandibular
nerve.}
This is a type of mixed nerve that
performs sensory and motor functions
in brain.

8. VI.- ABDUCENS.
– This is a motor nerve that supplies to the pons and
perform function of turning eye laterally.
TROCHLEAR
ABDUCENS

9. VII.- FACIAL.
– This motor nerve is
responsible for different
types of facial expressions.
– This also performs some
functions of sensory nerve
by supplying information
about touch on face and
senses of tongue in
mouth. It is basically
present over brain stem.

10. VIII.- VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR
– This motor nerve is
basically functional in
providing information
related to balance of head
and sense of sound or
hearing. It carries
vestibular as well as
cochlear information to
the brain and is placed
near inner ear.
It also covers some portion of taste
buds and salivary glands. The nerve
also carries some motor functions
such as helping in swallowing food.

11. IX.- GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
– This is a sensory nerve which
carries sensory information
from pharynx (initial portion
of throat) and some portion
of tongue and palate.
– The information sent is about
temperature, pressure and
other related facts.

12. X.- VAGUS
– This is also a type of mixed nerve that carries both motor
and sensory functions.
It works by
constricting
muscles of the
above areas. In
sensory part, it
contributes in
the tasting ability
of the human
being.

13. XI.- SPINAL ACCESSORY NERVE
– As the name intimates this motor
nerve supplies information about
spinal cord, trapezius and other
surrounding muscles. It also
provides muscle movement of the
shoulders and surrounding neck.

14. XII.- HYPOGLOSSAL
– This is a typical motor nerve that deals with the muscles
of tongue.

15. Bibliography.
– 12cranialnerves.net. (2016). 12 Cranial Nerves and their
functions | 12 Cranial Nerves mnemonics and quiz.
[online] Available at: http://12cranialnerves.net/
[Accessed 10 Apr. 2016].
– Faculty.washington.edu. (2016). Neuroscience for Kids -
Cranial Nerves. [online] Available at:
https://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/cranial.html
[Accessed 10 Apr. 2016].

16. Thanks !
XOXO