1) Objective timber management using data-driven decisions can lead to higher financial returns from forestry.
2) Conducting thorough inventories that track individual tree details and using growth and yield models allows foresters to objectively evaluate and compare the financial impacts of different management regimes.
3) Properly thinning stands based on tree quality instead of just size can significantly increase timber value by producing more high-quality sawtimber over the rotation.
Forest carbon presentation to the National Association of Forestry Association Executives. Covers opportunities for forest landowners in carbon markets, emerging trends, impact on forest manufacturing.
Longleaf Pine Ecosystems
Productivity and biodiversity patterns of a longleaf pine ecosystem.
Ecological forestry and restoration of longleaf pine ecosystems.
Ecological role of mesopredators, effects of control, and habitat approaches.
Aquatic Ecology and Water Resources
Hydrologic variation and human development in the lower Flint River Basin
Depressional wetlands on the coastal plain landscape: maintenance of regional biodiversity
Land Labour Productivity (Franck Cachia, Global Strategy)ExternalEvents
Expert consultation on methodology for an information system on rural livelihoods and Sustainable Development Goals indicators on smallholder productivity and income
7 - 8 December, FAO headquarters
Breakout Session Slides
Climate Adapted Native Plant Materials Project: Practical Innovation for an Uncertain Future – Mike Conroy will discuss how the Tualatin SWCD is evaluating assisted migration to augment the genetic fitness of native plants used in restoration projects. The core of this project is a long-term common garden experiment.
Monday, February 12 3:05 - 3:30 p.m.
Forest carbon presentation to the National Association of Forestry Association Executives. Covers opportunities for forest landowners in carbon markets, emerging trends, impact on forest manufacturing.
Longleaf Pine Ecosystems
Productivity and biodiversity patterns of a longleaf pine ecosystem.
Ecological forestry and restoration of longleaf pine ecosystems.
Ecological role of mesopredators, effects of control, and habitat approaches.
Aquatic Ecology and Water Resources
Hydrologic variation and human development in the lower Flint River Basin
Depressional wetlands on the coastal plain landscape: maintenance of regional biodiversity
Land Labour Productivity (Franck Cachia, Global Strategy)ExternalEvents
Expert consultation on methodology for an information system on rural livelihoods and Sustainable Development Goals indicators on smallholder productivity and income
7 - 8 December, FAO headquarters
Breakout Session Slides
Climate Adapted Native Plant Materials Project: Practical Innovation for an Uncertain Future – Mike Conroy will discuss how the Tualatin SWCD is evaluating assisted migration to augment the genetic fitness of native plants used in restoration projects. The core of this project is a long-term common garden experiment.
Monday, February 12 3:05 - 3:30 p.m.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Alert-driven Community-based Forest monitoring: A case of the Peruvian Amazon
Barry Shiver
1. Forestry Methods and Applications
Objective Timber Management: The
Key to Higher Returns
Barry D. Shiver
President, Smarter Forestry
Bshiver@SmarterForestry.com
3. What I mean by Objective Decisions
• Decisions based on knowledge AND Data
• As a forestry student learned “symptoms” of when a stand
needed to be thinned
• A Dr examines us when we are sick and makes prescriptions
based on “symptoms” AND if possible test results (Data)
3
4. Objectives Change with Owners so Decision
may Change given same Data
• A 75 year old private landowner likely views regeneration
expenses differently than an institutional investor looking for
situations in which to invest available capital
• Landowners have different primary objectives
• Keep Land in Family
• Aesthestics & Recreation
• Wildlife Habitat
• Financial Returns
4
6. Only talking Plantations
Management Decisions That are Made:
• Site Preparation
• Genetics
• Planting Density
• Herbaceous Weed Control
• Fertilization
• Woody Release
• Thinning
• Number, Timing, Intensity, Which Trees
6
7. Factors that Impact Objective Decisions
• Markets
• Remember ours is a long term investment and current markets are
not as important as what markets will be in 15-30 years
• High pulp stumpage prices may dictate no thins
• Low pulp stumpage prices may dictate thinning to produce solid
wood
• No CNS or small log market (premium) may dictate 1 thin vs 2 thins
• Site Quality
• Some sites are not high probability risks for responses
• Treatment Costs
• These vary. Cost of bedding is different depending on location
7
8. What are returns if we invest in these treatments?
8
Many new
Treatments in
the 1980’s
9. 1980’s
• Imazapyr herbicide as Aresenal AC and later Chopper labeled for
use
• Used for Site Preparation, Woody Release, and HWC
• 2,4-5 T Banning led to other herbicides (Oust, Escort, Velpar, Glyphosate, Triclopyr)
• Enough 1st Gen seedlings available to plant widely with other
Gens following closely
• Research on silviculture at university cooperatives throughout the
South emphasized responses
• Growth and Yield models available to help quantify gains
• Important for objective decision making
• Prediction models for what is expected from different management
• Projection models from an existing condition to future under different
management
9
10. Foresters are Slow to Change
• We have long term investments
• Mistakes made in Management Choices are usually slow to show
up if they become apparent at all - Blame it on weather; poor
site, etc.
• Especially if money is to be spent, we want proof
• Insurance companies mine Data to determine how we will age
and ultimately when we will die
• On some of us they are wrong
• On the majority of us though, they get it right and in doing so
make money
• Data and models in forestry are similar
10
11. Growth and Yield Systems Should
• Incorporate silvicultural responses into yield prediction and
projection
• Work up inventories of individual trees to provide tons by
product. Change of product specs simply requires running data
through again
• Project future product tons keeping inventory data by tree
detail and keeping consistency with whole stand yield models
incorporating silvicultural responses
• Be able to update old inventory data to any future date(s)
keeping tree detail such as TQI and stopper heights
• I have built SMART to do these things (and more!)
• SMART provides the yields in examples in this talk 11
12. General Types of Silvicultural Responses
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Years since treatment
Response
A Resp
B Resp
C Resp
An A response keeps getting
larger and larger from time
of treatment forward
A B response gets larger for
awhile and then levels out
and maintains an absolute
realized gain
A C response gains quickly,
peaks, and the response falls
back to or below (some call
this a D) the level of the
untreated stand
13. Stand Characteristics Impacted by Treatments
• The two stand characteristics most often impacted by silvicultural
treatments are dominant height and basal area per acre
• Of course dominant height development influences estimation of site
index and is partially why foresters change site index to estimate
response
• This can cause real issues, especially if the silvicultural response is a C
type response and height gets measured at or near the peak of the
response.
• Can result in an overestimate of eventual site index obtained
14. 14
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
DominantHeight(ft)
Age
Height Development for 1st Gen Site 68 and 605 TPA Planted with Different
Silvicultural Treatments
Base 2nd Gen 2nd Gen+HWC 2ndGen+ChemSP 2ndGen+ChemSP+HWC
15. Adding Height Automatically Adds Basal Area per Acre
• Stands that grow taller faster (higher site index) also develop dbh
faster and therefore have a higher basal area
• For many silvicultural treatments adding height increment, even
correctly, does not add enough basal area per acre increment
• So, a good treatment response estimate must take that into account
16. 16
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
BasalArea/Acre(ft2)
Age
Basal Area Development for 1st Gen Site 68 and 605 TPA Planted
with Different Silvicultural Treatments
Base 2nd Gen 2nd Gen+HWC 2nd Gen+ChemSP 2ndGen+ChemSP+HWC
17. With these adjusted height and basal area inputs
• Can estimate product yields for different
• Site Preparation
• Mechanical and Chemical
• Genetics
• HWC
• These are all regeneration treatments (costs)
17
18. What about Existing Stands?
18
• More interesting since most acreage has existing
stands
• Before we can estimate what could be there
under different management regimes, we need
to know what is there now
• We get this information from an inventory
• Timber Inventory is different from retail
inventory
• Don’t have many items that are the same so we
cannot just count
• Stands change over time as trees grow and some die
• Geographic spread combined with numbers mean
100% inventory is usually not possible
19. Inventory
• When integrated forest products companies owned a
majority of the plantation acres, money spent on inventory
was considered a cost
• Inventory did not have to be exact. The organization who
owned the plantation also owned the pulp mill, sawmill, etc.
• Those organizations also bought wood and often had
procurement foresters
• Procurement inventory needed a snapshot of timber value at
current time – Future of stand not important
19
20. Procurement Inventory
• Typically, tally of trees by
current product, dbh class (1
or 2 inch) and merchantable
height (tally cards)
• Often “worked up” by hand
after cumulative tally – no
stats
• No consideration for future
condition or value
• Often provided good current
value information
20
21. Management Inventory (Inventory as an Investment)
• Depending on age stand may not have much current value
• Objective is to accurately assess stand characteristics for use in growth and
yield models
• Stand Characteristics
• Trees per Acre, Basal Area/Acre, Dominant Height, Woody Vegetation Level,
• Stand History (Past is important in accurately projecting the future)
• Want to quantify future stand value under different management
alternative treatments (we call these regimes)
• Important to assess current tree characteristics and keep these through
future projection
• Dbh to nearest 0.1 inch
• Total heights (these can be grown)
• Tree Product Potential even for smaller trees
• Stopper heights (height of forks, crook, etc. that stop merchandising of solid wood)
21
22. Management Inventory Projection
• Important to keep tree information such as TQI, stopper heights, etc.
for each year going forward
• Want to determine value at each year going forward – need for dbh to
nearest 0.1 is so all trees do not cross threshold to next dbh class at
same time.
• Determine value to all future years for each potential management
regime (thin, unthin, thin and then release, etc.)
• When to harvest stand (set rotation age) depends partially on the
highest value among alternative management regimes
• Rest of decision depends on what we can replace the stand with
• Sell land for an alternative high value use
• Replace with a stand with better genetics and silviculture that will grow faster
22
23. Existing Stand Valuation
• For an existing stand we calculate the NPV using
the following approach:
FE NPVNPVNPV
NPV = overall NPV for the existing
stand
NPVE = NPV for all expected cash
flows for the existing stand
NPVF = NPV for all expected cash
flows for the land following harvest of
the existing stand
24. Existing Stand Valuation
• When the property is to stay in timber production
following harvest of the existing stand “n” years in
the future NPVF is the present value of the BLV of
the stand that will be put into the ground following
harvest:
n
F
i
BLV
FNPV )1(
• When the land will be sold following harvest
of the existing stand “n” years in the future NPVF
is the present value of the land value that is
expected at this point in time:
n
F
i
Land
FNPV )1(
25. Say we have the following stand information
25
Age 12
Trees per Acre 506
Basal Area 115.8
Dominant HT 41
Predicted Stand Table
Dbh TPA
1 0.0
2 0.4
3 5.1
4 26.1
5 79.2
6 151.5
7 161.0
8 73.0
9 9.7
506.0
Actual Stand Table
Dbh TPA TQI
2 1.0 3
3 12.0 3
4 43.0 3
5 90.0 3
6 127.0 3
7 23.4 3
7 106.6 1
8 10.2 3
8 62.8 1
9 2.6 3
9 21.4 1
10 0.5 3
10 5.5 1
506.0
What is TQI? If a tree
will never make more
than pulpwood in the
opinion of the cruiser
it is given a TQI of 3.
This can be from form,
defect, or size. If the
tree will make solid
wood the tree is given
a TQI of 1.
26. Grow the stand to age 14
26
3. 5.63 3
4. 28.30 3
5. 65.81 3
6. 102.42 3
7. 66.32 3
8. 16.05 3
9. 6.68 3
10. 1.78 3
11. 0.32 3
7. 52.79 1
8. 80.23 1
9. 42.98 1
10. 14.90 1
11. 3.70 1
Left hand diameter
distribution is from
predicted
Right hand is grown from
actual inventory detail at
age 12
Many organizations use
predicted to “update”
their inventory – Not ideal
Dbh TPA
3 1.9
4 12.4
5 45.2
6 107.5
7 159.5
8 122.7
9 35.9
10 2.5
Dbh TPA TQI
27. Thin by size (no TQI) – a Spatial Thinning
Thinned to Basal Area 63
Hardly an economic thinning with only about
17 tons removed.
Cash flow at thinning: $114.70
TQI added for information – would not normally
know this
Dbh TQI Residual
3. 3 1.25
4. 3 8.12
5. 3 23.15
6. 3 42.67
7. 3 31.93
8. 3 9.11
9. 3 4.37
10. 3 1.32
11. 3 0.26
7. 1 25.41
8. 1 45.56
9. 1 28.12
10. 1 11.04
11. 1 3.06
235.37
28. Another way would be to ignore the residual
BA and take out 90% of TQI=3 and 20% of “1”s
Dbh TQI Residual
3. 3 0.6
4. 3 2.8
5. 3 6.6
6. 3 10.2
7. 3 6.6
8. 3 1.6
9. 3 0.7
10. 3 0.2
11. 3 0.0
7. 1 42.2
8. 1 64.2
9. 1 34.4
10. 1 11.9
11. 1 3.0
185.0
The residual BA here is 63 which is why I
used it for the previous thinning.
Here, however, the tons removed is 35.6
tons/ac
The cash flow from the thinning is $284.75
AND, most importantly, the trees left have
fewer trees left to compete with over time
and with only 185 tpa dbh growth will be
larger as compared with 235
Only 29 TQI
3 Trees
Remaining
29. Do we do a good job of tree selection in thinning?
29
30. Do we do a good job of tree selection in thinning?
30
The average dbh tree in this stand is
about the size of the tree on the right.
Note the small and crooked tree to its
left and the tree in the background that
is two trees. This stand is not being
thinned to maximize future value
31. Stumpage Prices for Valuation
31
Min Max Stumpage
Products Dbh Dbh Prices ($/ton)
Pulpwood 4.5 40.0 $8.00
Chip-n-Saw 8.5 11.5 $13.00
Sawtimber 11.5 40.0 $28.00
All first thin material valued as pulpwood at
$8.00/ton
32. Differences in Financial Return by Choosing
the Right Trees to Remove
Thin by TQI Thin by Size
Pulpwood (3) 17.6 tons 45.5
Pulpwood (1) 0.0 tons 0.0
CNS (1) 42.6 tons 24.3
Saw(1) 65.2 tons 48.1
Rotation Age 29 years 27
Harvest Value $2520 $2024
NPV $1289 $1094
The $1289 reflects the $284.75 cash flow at age 14 vs. $114.70
33. Would this make a difference in ranking
management regimes?
• Without a doubt
• Underscores the importance of management inventory and
using models to help make decisions
• Underscores the importance of growing inventory data while
keeping tree information
• Without going through all of the details, the following
management regimes results were obtained…..
33
34. SMART Options for 12 Year Old Stand
Regime NPV Rot Age Final Hrvst $
Do Nothing $1069 19 $1170
Rel @ 12 $1196 26 $2533
T14, No Rel or Fert $1289 29 $2520
T14, Rel @ 15 $1503 29 $3265
Fert @12 $1100 20 $1477
T14, Fert 15 $1330 26 $2328
T14, Rel @ 15, Fert @16 $1474 27 $3199
35. Must remember that these are models!
• Sometimes what looks good on paper, does not look the
same way in the woods. We can thin by TQI in the computer.
How closely that is done in the woods impacts outcomes
• We still must remember the biology
• If crowns are gone it will take much longer, if ever, to get a thin
response
• There are differences in species; loblolly is more forgiving than
slash
• Thinning when there are scarce nutrients available from the site
may require fertilization to get a response
35
37. To Make Objective Decisions
• Invest in Management Inventory to Obtain Good Data
• Use the Data in Models to Provide more Information for
Decisions
• Alternative Management Regime Results
• Be like an insurance company!
• Make certain the biology is realistic, then
• Choose the management that optimizes financial returns
37