This document discusses barriers to media development in Pakistan. It identifies several types of barriers, including physical, cultural, economic, governmental, technological, and media-related barriers. It provides examples of barriers such as illiteracy, censorship, intimidation of journalists, and lack of training. The document argues that while barriers cannot be completely overcome, stakeholders should focus on ethics, training, and dialogue to utilize media in the interests of society.

1. Presented to Professor Ramzan Azhar
By M Zamir Assadi (MS Media &
Communication Studies 1 IIUI)

3. • The Technologies used to transmit
information/messages
• The Organizations & People (Corporations,
Governments, Journalists, PR/Advertising, etc.)

5. • Media development refers to
• Flow of information
• Facilitation
• People and institutions
• A community or society

6. Cont….

7. • Barriers that limits growth of media
• Block the access of education, information
• Entertainment to audience.

9. • Physical Barriers
• Cultural Barriers
• Economic Barriers
• Governmental Barriers
• Media Barriers
• Technological Barriers

10. • Geographic – Islands, Mountains, Water
(Oceans)
• Time Zones
• Infrastructure -- Roads, Bridges, Buildings
Scarcity of Resources

12. • Effective communication with people of
different cultures is especially challenging.

13. • Illiteracy
• Multilingualism
• Religion

14. • Well developed media demand strong
economies, BBC (England), CNN (US), AFP
(France) etc.

15. • Intimidation
• Tax investigation
• Defamation
• Licensing
• Censorship
• Seizure
• Travel restrictions
• Jailing
• Death Threats
• Lack of protection
• Death

17. • Lack of training
• Lack of objectivity
• Loss of credibility
• Self censorship

18. • Technology is a barrier to media development
and a potential destroyer of barriers.

19. • Safety for the Pakistani journalists
• Media distortion
• Information vacuum
• Corruption

20. • Pakistani media faced restrictions and
journalists were beaten lashes
• Democratic governments have also used
various tactics to pressurize media and to
stop development like
• Tax cases
• Withholding newsprint
• Ban on official advertisement

22. • Political parties also threatens media in
Pakistan

24. • Several media barriers are hindering in way of
free media development as discussed above
but nor barriers can be completely overcome
neither media can be silent. Therefore all
stakeholders should focus on ethics, training
and dialogue between the civil society, media
and other key stakeholders to utilize media for
the interest of society.

25. • http://www.aiou.edu.pk/gmj/artical1%28b
%29.asp
• http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/peace/pro
blem/cultrbar.htm
• http://www.studymode.com/essays/Media-
1431925.html
• http://bba2sectiong.wordpress.com/2013/03/
17/pakistan-media-challenges/

26. • Presentation on Barriers to media
development
• Http://www.Learningace.Com/doc/7721208/c
176d28dcff5aff7f8d8e8902a4a1856/4-
barriers-to-media-development-paul-parsons-glenn-
w-scott-richard-landesberg
• http://www.fredonia.edu/department/comm
unication/schwalbe/cm385/tsld032.htm

27. • http://en.rsf.org/pakistan-newspaper-trucks-latest-
target-of-03-06-2014,46389.html
• http://www.theguardian.com/media/greensla
de/2014/jun/09/press-freedom-pakistan
• https://www.ifex.org/pakistan/1998/01/22/jo
urnalists_arrested_and_released/
• http://tribune.com.pk/story/378820/journalis
ts-flogged-during-zias-time-say-they-were-proud-
of-punishment

29. Cont….
• Questions & Answers session