The document discusses media organizations and mass communication. It defines a media organization as a person or entity that disseminates information to the public through various mediums. Mass communication aims to inform, educate, entertain, and persuade the public. Media law regulates the mass media and includes issues like censorship, copyright, defamation, and antitrust laws. The media economy analyzes the role of media industries in the overall economy. The document also discusses the role of media in areas like legal awareness, society, politics, and the economy.

1. MEDIA ORGANIZATION:
 The term “media organization” means a person or entity .
 Engaged in disseminating information to the general public.
 Through a newspaper, magazine, other publication, radio, television, cable
television, or other medium of mass communication.

2. BASIC CONCEPT OF MASS
COMMUNICATION:
 Mass communication has the following basic functions:
 To inform, To educate, To entertain and To persuade.
 MEDIA LAW :
 Media Law is defined as
 “The legislation through which governments regulate the mass media.
 It includes issues of censorship, copyright, defamation, broadcast law, and
antitrust law.
 The law of Pakistan prohibits spreading or publishing fake news through social
or mass media.
 It could lead to the imprisonment of a journalist or a newspaper ban.

3. MEDIA ECONOMY:
 The Media Economy analyzes the media industries and its activities from
macro to micro levels, using concepts and theories to demonstrate the role
the media plays in the economy as a whole.
 For example:
 A newspaper that reports dramatic stories that aren’t entirely true in order
to obtain more readers.

4. Role of media in legal awareness
 Media is a very powerful tool in a democratic country like pakistan
 . The positive role and use of the mass media is the strongest tool to
maintain democracy.

5. Role of media in society
 In democracies, the media is fundamental to political life.
 It provides facts to allow us to be better informed about the issues that
matter to us.
 It provides criticism and debate to ensure that that information is tested
and examined from all points of view.

6. Role of media in politics
 Media has played a very effective role against the suppression of political
dissent and military/civil dictators.
 On the other hand all successive governments in Pakistan have tried to
cage the media. The Press and Publication Ordinance (PPO) was
promulgated in 1962 by Gen

7. Role of media in economy
 social media allows to optimize operating costs and enable more efficient
use of resources.
 They also have a real impact on consumer decisions.
 Thanks to the case study method, it was possible to show the significant
role of social media in the economy in a microeconomic perspective.

8. Media
Law
 Media law is defined as "The legislation through which governments
regulate the mass media.
 It includes issues of;
 Censorship
 Copyright
 Defamation,
 Broadcast law
 Antitrust law.

9.  Censorship is the suppression of speech, public communication, or other
information. This may be done on the basis that such material is
considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, or "inconvenient".Censorship
can be conducted by governments, private institutions, and other
controlling bodies.
 Copyright is a federal law that gives creators of media the exclusive rights
to copy, distribute, and mash up the things they create for a limited
time. (e.g., images, video, or music)

10.  Defamation is any false information that harms the reputation of a person,
business, or organization.
 Libel
 Slander
 Libel generally refers to defamatory statements that are published or
broadcast (more permanent).
 Slander refers to verbal defamatory statements (more fleeting).

11.  Broadcast law is the field of law that pertains to broadcasting. These laws and
regulations pertain to radio stations and TV stations and are also considered to
include closely related services like cable TV and cable radio, as well as satellite
TV and satellite radio.
 Antitrust laws are designed to boost competition by forbidding monopolies and
similar concentrations of business ownership, as well as practices such as price
fixing that are associated with them.

12. Aims of Media Law
1. Promote and guarantee the right to freedom of thought and speech;
2. Protect the rights of journalists and safeguard conditions for the free operations of
the mass media;
3. Promote and develop free, independent, and pluralistic mass media.
4. Provide a suitable environment for the expansion of the realities of views and
feelings of the citizens and for a fair reflection of truth through speech, picture,
recording, acting, movement, broadcasting, etc.
5. Observe the right to freedom of speech and mass media of Human Rights
according to principles of the sacred religion of Islam.
6. Support the sound development of the mass media in a manner to become
effective means for broadcasting accurate news, information, learning, and
promoting knowledge, principles, and values (honesty, impartiality, and balance).

13. Advantages
and
Disadvantages
of
Media
laws


14. History of media laws in pakistan :
 1947-1958 . When Pakistan appeared on the map of world ,cold
war was going on between Sovient Union and America and the
channel being used was media.
 The whole world was divided in two blocks i.e Communist block
and America block.
 When Pakistan came into being it also has to choose between the
two, so leaders of the nation decided to e a part of American
block.
 After that numerous actions were taken against those newspapers,
magazines and journalists who were more bent towards
communist school of thought,

15. History:
 After joining American Block the first newspaper and
publications that were targeted by the government were
Progressive Papers Limited (PPL’s) publications.
 1947-1953 almost 58 magazines and books were banned by
the establishment and removed from the market.

16. Press and Publications Ordinance
(PPO)
 In 1961 Press and Publications Ordinance was formed and
enforced to keep the newspaper under government’s control.
 It dealt with printing presses, newspaper, periodicals, books
and other publications.
 Government had been empowered to ask for security deposits
from printing presses for publishing newspapers or books as
well as for issuing objectionable material as defined by the
ordinance.

17. PPO:
 Security deposits ranging from Rs.500 to Rs.10,000 could be
demanded from printing presses.
 Appeals against such action would lie with a special bench of
the High Court
 The government had also been empowered in certain cases, to
prohibit the printing presses from publishing books or
newspaper.

18. PPO:
 Under the new rules, before obtaining a declaration, a publisher
would have to show that he had the financial resources required for
regularly publishing a newspaper.
 Editor was required to posses reasonable educational qualifications
or satisfactory experience in journalism.
 It was a black law, completely boycotted by media organizations and
journalists.

19. National Press Trust (NPT):
 In 1964, National Press Trust was established and all the PPL papers
were given to this monster.
 NPT had right to take over any such newspaper and magazines
which is apparently financially not able to run the news paper
dangerous to country’s security.
 Apparently it was an independent body but actually it was state-
controlled.

20. NPT:
 PPL’s publications Daily Mashriq was also handed over to NPT.
 Sindhi paper Hilal-e-Pakistan was also taken over.
 Morning News which was being published since 1963 first from
Calcutta and after partition from Karachi and Dhaka was also taken
over.
 Some Bengali newsapapers were also taken over by NPT.

21. Other Press Ordinance:
1. The Printing Presses and Publications Ordinance 1988.
2. The Freedom of Information Ordinance of 2002.
3. The Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA) of
2002.
4. The Defamation Ordinance of 2002.
5. The Contempt of Court Ordinance of 2003, the press.

22. Conclusion
 Media in Pakistan have suffered many hardships during
the past 72 years. It was subjected to strict censorship
and regulatory conditions. Media has held for ideal on
which Pakistan was created. Media contributions in
various national security sectors may receive a mixed
resonance, but Pakistani media have certainly played an
important and positive role in creating critical problems
for society. Media plays a very important role in
informing, educating, entertaining and strengthening
society, with exceptions to its deficiencies and some
shortfalls. Pakistani media is through an evolutionary
process and has not yet been fully established State
apparatus should help it to develop and mature. At the
same time, the media should be more mature and
balanced in reporting Commercial interests not to be in
tangent with national interests and fulfill its social
obligations. State and media must be together in a
climate of trust and mutual respect, not fear and
oppression.

23.  Media alone cannot be responsible for all the negative trends and trends
of society.
 Media must be empowered, managed and regulated as an institution by
itself. There must be a balance between its commercial interests and
obligations to society. A partnership between media stakeholders is
created for having a collective approach at the international level taking
into account national. Mindset is changed for a free and responsible
media can serve better to nation and people. With all-state pillars on
board and following their domains, media can certainly contribute to
reform Pakistani society

24.  Basing on the study some measures are being suggested for enhancing and utilizing
media potential for strengthening society.
1. Central position of media.
2. Media regulations.
3. Media cantrol.
4. Code of Ethics.
5. Maintain basic values.
6. Balanced reporting.
7. Media staff skills development.
8. Established Regional media networks.