The document discusses the concept of genetic mutations, classifying them into categories such as functional and structural, with examples of beneficial, harmful, and neutral mutations. It highlights the significance of beneficial mutations as sources of genetic variation and evolution, including their role in protection against diseases like HIV. Additionally, it lists various crop varieties resulting from spontaneous and induced mutations, along with their original varieties and mutagens used.

2. Submitted by
VIKAS KUMAR SINGH
M. SC. (Ag),
Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding,
Chaudhary Charan Singh University,
Meerut
Submitted to
DR. S.S. Gaurav
Asso. Professor,
Department of Genetics& Plant Breeding,
Chaudhary Charan Singh University,
Meerut
GENERAL GENETICS

4. MUTATION IS HERITABLE CHANGES
IN THE GENETIC MATERIAL THAT
PROVIDE THE RAW MATERIAL FOR
EVOLUTION.

9. Classification OF MUTATION
There are different ways of classifying mutation
Functional Structural
Harmful Beneficial Neutral
Point
Frame shift
Silent
Missense
Nonsense

10. Beneficial Mutation
 Beneficial are the ultimate source of
genetic variation.
Raw material for evolution.
For
example,
Protection
against
HIV
infection

11. Neutral Mutation
A neutral mutation is a mutation that occurs in a
amino acid codon but it has no impact.
Wild-type AUG UUG CAG UGG UAA
TAC AAC GTC ACC ATT
M e t h - P h e n - G l n - T r p
TAC gAC GTC ACC ATT
AUG cUG CAG UGG UAA
Meth leu gln trp
A change in base pare results in an amino acid
change but the new amino acid has the same
chemical properties as the blood group.

12. Point mutation

13. Missense Mutation
Sickle cell disease

14. Spontaneous mutation

15. Crop Variety
1. Rice GEB-24, Dee-Geo-Woo-Gen
2. Wheat NORIN
3. Groundnut TMV-10
4. Sorghum Co-4 (Coimbatore 4)

16. Induced mutation

17. Crop Mutant
variety
Original
variety
Mutagen
1. Rice JAGANNATH T-141 X-rays
MAHSURI
MUTANT
MAHSURI, g-rays
2. Wheat SHARBATI
SONARA
NP-836
SONARA 64
NP-799
UV rays
x rays