This document provides an overview of the banking system in Nepal. It begins by explaining the purpose of banks and then outlines the different types of banks in Nepal, including central banks, commercial banks, development banks, finance companies, and microcredit development banks. A total of 30 commercial banks, 82 development banks, 48 finance companies, and 37 microcredit development banks currently operate in Nepal. The document also includes organizational charts of the banking hierarchy and describes some of the key roles and services provided by banks, such as accepting deposits, lending money, remittances, safe deposit services, and capital market activities.
Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) are financial institutions that are registered under the Companies Act and provide banking services like loans and advances but cannot accept demand deposits. [1] NBFCs must be registered with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and are regulated by RBI guidelines regarding public deposits, capital adequacy ratios, liquidity requirements, and other operational conditions. [2] Major types of NBFCs include equipment leasing companies, loan companies, investment companies, and residuary non-banking companies. [3]
Banking originated in India in the early 1700s with the establishment of the Bank of Bombay in 1720 and the Bank of Hindustan in 1770. The first 'Presidency bank' was the Bank of Bengal, established in 1806. Over subsequent decades, the Bank of Bombay and Bank of Madras were also established as Presidency banks. In the early 20th century, the Imperial Bank of India was formed through the amalgamation of the Presidency banks. The Reserve Bank of India was established in 1935 to regulate the banking sector. After independence in 1947, the State Bank of India was nationalized. Further nationalization occurred in 1969 with 14 major private banks being taken over by the government.
This presentation summarizes the credit management process of United Commercial Bank Limited (UCBL) in Bangladesh. It outlines UCBL's credit objectives of extending credit to income-generating activities. It then describes the general guidelines UCBL follows in approving different types of loans. The main body of the presentation details UCBL's 8-step credit approval process, from a customer submitting a credit application to disbursement of approved loans. It explains each step, including risk assessment, credit committee review, sanctioning and documentation. Finally, it briefly outlines UCBL's credit monitoring process after loan disbursement through reporting, reminders and potential legal actions.
This project report has been prepared as per the requirement of the syllabus of
MBA course structure under which the students are the required to undertake
project.
It was a first hand experience for us as that we were exposed to the professional
set-up and were facing the market, which was really a great experience.
During project period, I had very touching experiences. When business is involved,
experiences counts a lot, as we know, experience are an instrument, which leads
towards success.
The document summarizes Chhitiz Shrestha's internship presentation at Nabil Bank. It outlines Nabil Bank's mission, values, major customers and markets, products and services, organizational structure, performance, activities performed, skills learned, feedback for the organization, and feedback for the university. The presentation covered all aspects of Nabil Bank and Chhitiz's internship experience.
Banking involves accepting deposits from the public and using those funds to issue loans. This provides a safe place for savings and supplies liquidity to fuel economic growth through business and consumer lending. Over time, the Indian banking system has evolved from indigenous banks to direct government intervention through nationalization, liberalization with the entry of private banks, and now includes foreign banks. The major types of banks in India are public sector, private sector, cooperative, rural, and foreign banks that all work to mobilize savings and facilitate transactions.
Financial planning for salaried employeesMohit Kumar
The document discusses financial planning strategies for salaried employees and tax saving. It outlines various investment options like fixed deposits, mutual funds, equity, gold, and real estate. It describes the financial planning process and pyramid. It provides strategies for tax savings under various tax code sections. It discusses the responsibilities and learnings from an internship at Karvy Stock Broking, including portfolio analysis, client activation, and understanding stock market fluctuations.
HDFC Bank was established in 1994 as one of the first private sector banks in India. It is committed to maintaining high ethical standards and focuses on operational excellence, customer focus, product leadership, and people. The bank provides a wide range of financial products and services. It has over 1,400 branches across India and aims to be a world-class Indian bank through high quality customer service and risk management practices. The bank has received several awards recognizing its leadership in areas such as retail banking, trade finance, and IT governance.
Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) are financial institutions that are registered under the Companies Act and provide banking services like loans and advances but cannot accept demand deposits. [1] NBFCs must be registered with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and are regulated by RBI guidelines regarding public deposits, capital adequacy ratios, liquidity requirements, and other operational conditions. [2] Major types of NBFCs include equipment leasing companies, loan companies, investment companies, and residuary non-banking companies. [3]
Banking originated in India in the early 1700s with the establishment of the Bank of Bombay in 1720 and the Bank of Hindustan in 1770. The first 'Presidency bank' was the Bank of Bengal, established in 1806. Over subsequent decades, the Bank of Bombay and Bank of Madras were also established as Presidency banks. In the early 20th century, the Imperial Bank of India was formed through the amalgamation of the Presidency banks. The Reserve Bank of India was established in 1935 to regulate the banking sector. After independence in 1947, the State Bank of India was nationalized. Further nationalization occurred in 1969 with 14 major private banks being taken over by the government.
This presentation summarizes the credit management process of United Commercial Bank Limited (UCBL) in Bangladesh. It outlines UCBL's credit objectives of extending credit to income-generating activities. It then describes the general guidelines UCBL follows in approving different types of loans. The main body of the presentation details UCBL's 8-step credit approval process, from a customer submitting a credit application to disbursement of approved loans. It explains each step, including risk assessment, credit committee review, sanctioning and documentation. Finally, it briefly outlines UCBL's credit monitoring process after loan disbursement through reporting, reminders and potential legal actions.
This project report has been prepared as per the requirement of the syllabus of
MBA course structure under which the students are the required to undertake
project.
It was a first hand experience for us as that we were exposed to the professional
set-up and were facing the market, which was really a great experience.
During project period, I had very touching experiences. When business is involved,
experiences counts a lot, as we know, experience are an instrument, which leads
towards success.
The document summarizes Chhitiz Shrestha's internship presentation at Nabil Bank. It outlines Nabil Bank's mission, values, major customers and markets, products and services, organizational structure, performance, activities performed, skills learned, feedback for the organization, and feedback for the university. The presentation covered all aspects of Nabil Bank and Chhitiz's internship experience.
Banking involves accepting deposits from the public and using those funds to issue loans. This provides a safe place for savings and supplies liquidity to fuel economic growth through business and consumer lending. Over time, the Indian banking system has evolved from indigenous banks to direct government intervention through nationalization, liberalization with the entry of private banks, and now includes foreign banks. The major types of banks in India are public sector, private sector, cooperative, rural, and foreign banks that all work to mobilize savings and facilitate transactions.
Financial planning for salaried employeesMohit Kumar
The document discusses financial planning strategies for salaried employees and tax saving. It outlines various investment options like fixed deposits, mutual funds, equity, gold, and real estate. It describes the financial planning process and pyramid. It provides strategies for tax savings under various tax code sections. It discusses the responsibilities and learnings from an internship at Karvy Stock Broking, including portfolio analysis, client activation, and understanding stock market fluctuations.
HDFC Bank was established in 1994 as one of the first private sector banks in India. It is committed to maintaining high ethical standards and focuses on operational excellence, customer focus, product leadership, and people. The bank provides a wide range of financial products and services. It has over 1,400 branches across India and aims to be a world-class Indian bank through high quality customer service and risk management practices. The bank has received several awards recognizing its leadership in areas such as retail banking, trade finance, and IT governance.
This document provides an overview of NPA (non-performing asset) management in J&K Bank, a bank based in Jammu and Kashmir, India. It begins with background on the banking industry and J&K Bank itself. It then discusses the issues caused by high NPAs, various techniques for managing and reducing NPAs, and how J&K Bank specifically addresses NPA management. Key points include defining NPAs, outlining the problems they cause banks, discussing securitization as an NPA management strategy, and comparing J&K Bank's NPA levels to other Indian banks. The document contains details on J&K Bank's profile, services, and past financial performance to provide context.
The Reserve Bank of India is the central bank of India established in 1935. It was initially privately owned but was nationalized in 1949. The RBI regulates monetary policy and the country's banking system to promote economic growth and stability. It controls credit and money supply through various tools like open market operations, bank rates, and reserve requirements. The RBI also acts as a bank, lender, and manager of foreign exchange for India.
The document discusses various committees that are part of corporate governance structures, including audit, remuneration, nomination, compliance, and shareholders grievance committees. It also notes important characteristics of effective committees such as empowerment to obtain information, independence, and the ability to seek explanations from the board of directors. Some potential challenges that committees may face are also outlined, such as a lack of clear definitions, performance measures, and standardized guidelines.
The document is Yogesh Rathod's SIP project report submitted to K. S. School of Business Management in partial fulfillment of an MBA degree. The report examines home loans and builders tie-ups for State Bank of India. It includes an introduction to SBI and the student, analysis of the banking and real estate industries, methodology used in primary research with builders, findings on builders' perceptions and satisfaction with SBI services, and recommendations.
SIP PROJECT ON ICICI BANK BY :- GAURAV BHUTGaurav Bhut
The banking industry in India has a long history dating back to indigenous bankers in ancient times who provided loans and credit. After independence, the Reserve Bank of India was established in 1935 to regulate the banking sector. Several public sector banks were nationalized in 1969 to expand access to credit. The banking industry is now regulated under the Banking Regulation Act of 1949. ICICI Bank was established in 1994 and helped pioneer private sector banking in India. It has since grown to become one of the largest private sector banks in the country.
This document is an internship project report submitted by Sunil Nandi to the National Institute of Technology in Rourkela, India in partial fulfillment of an MBA program. The report focuses on the core banking and finance activities of Allahabad Bank's Howrah Main branch. It includes an introduction to Allahabad Bank's history and operations. The report then discusses the bank's vision, mission, products and services. It describes the research methodology and analyzes data related to Allahabad Bank's credit appraisal process and types of commercial loans.
This document contains information about State Bank of India (SBI), including its history, branches, products, and services. It discusses SBI's evolution from the Bank of Calcutta established in 1806. It provides details on SBI's large branch network of over 13,500 branches in India and overseas. The summary describes SBI's personal banking, corporate banking, retail banking, and tax-related products. It concludes by emphasizing SBI's focus on launching innovative products, customized services, better customer service, fast problem solving, and customer retention.
The document provides information about IDBI Bank Ltd. It discusses that IDBI was established in 1964 as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Reserve Bank of India to serve as an agent of development across various sectors like industry, agriculture, and international trade. IDBI played a dominant role in the balanced industrial development of India by directly or indirectly assisting major corporates. It also established institutions like SIDBI and played a role in the development of the capital market. Currently, the government holds a 51% stake in IDBI while the rest is publicly owned. IDBI has grown to be a large development bank financing various sectors of the economy over the years.
This document discusses NPA (non-performing assets) management. It defines NPAs as loans that are overdue by over 90 days. It categorizes NPAs as substandard, doubtful, and loss assets and outlines the different provisioning rates banks must hold against each category. The document also discusses the types (gross and net NPA), causes, effects of rising NPAs on banks, and strategies banks use to prevent and cure high NPA levels like debt restructuring and asset reconstruction companies.
The document outlines an internship report submitted by Mayank Mulchandani to Medi-Caps University about their summer internship at the State Bank of India branch in Indore. It provides an overview of SBI, including its vision, mission and management team, and describes the objectives, activities, and conclusions from Mulchandani's internship experience. The report identifies areas for SBI to improve such as increasing technology usage, customer service levels, and addressing infrastructure issues to better compete against private sector banks.
Bank of Baroda- Summer Internship ReportAnkit Kumar
This document is a summer internship report submitted by Ankit Kumar to Bank of Baroda. The internship focused on enhancing the user interface and experience of the Bank's website. Ankit conducted research through surveys and analysis of industry best practices. Key findings indicated customers liked the website design but had concerns about colors, navigation, and outdated content. Recommendations included using predictive suggestions to engage customers, improving design elements, and incorporating new technologies like AI assistants. The report provides an overview of the Bank, its products and performance, and outlines Ankit's research methodology and findings to enhance the website.
Summer intership project Customer statisfaction leval tpward service provided...Pritesh Radadiya
This document is a project report submitted for an MBA program. It provides an overview of a study conducted on customer satisfaction levels towards services provided by Rajkot People Co-operative Bank Ltd. The 3-page summary includes:
1) An introduction to co-operative banking in India, including a definition, history, importance and differences between co-operative and commercial banks.
2) An executive summary of the report, which analyzed services like loans, lockers, deposits and more through primary data collection to understand customer satisfaction.
3) An index of the full report, which contains sections on the bank's history and performance, products/services, research methodology used, data analysis and findings, suggestions and
A presentation on private placements in India. If you like my presentation, please share. And I would like to know your thoughts, so comment and let me know.
This document provides an overview of non-banking financial companies (NBFCs) in India. It defines NBFCs and outlines their role in the Indian financial system. It also describes the different types of NBFCs according to the Reserve Bank of India's classification system and summarizes the eligibility criteria, differences between NBFCs and banks, and the role of the RBI in regulating NBFCs. The document is intended to educate a group of students on the topic of NBFCs in India.
The PPT contains information about CIBIL - leading rating agency in India. It tells you about the shareholding pattern, CSR, management and other relevant info
Merchant banking refers to a range of financial services including underwriting shares, portfolio management, project counseling, and insurance provided by both commercial and investment banks for a fee. Merchant bankers play an important role as intermediaries between companies raising funds and investors. They perform various functions such as promotional activities, issue management, credit syndication, project counseling, portfolio management, and mergers and acquisitions. Merchant banking activities in India are regulated by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). Other key players in the capital markets include underwriters, bankers to an issue, brokers to an issue, and registrars and share transfer agents.
Merchant banking provides financial advisory services to large corporations. It helps with project counseling, loan syndication, managing public offerings, underwriting securities, and advising on mergers and acquisitions. In India, merchant banking first started in 1967 and is regulated by the Securities and Exchange Board of India. There are various categories of merchant bankers based on the types of services provided and minimum capital requirements. Some of the major merchant banking companies in India include ICICI Securities, SBI Capital Markets, Axis Bank, and Kotak Mahindra Capital.
This document is a dissertation submitted to the University of Jammu on new age financial products and their role in transforming modern banking. It provides background on Jammu and Kashmir Bank, which was established in 1938 as the first state-owned bank in India. The dissertation discusses how products like ATMs, credit cards, debit cards, e-banking and SMS banking have transformed modern banking by making financial transactions more convenient. However, it notes that awareness and adoption of these new products is still lacking among some segments of society.
This document provides an overview of the origin and development of the financial services industry in India. It discusses how the industry has grown significantly since the economic liberalization of the early 1990s. Deregulation and globalization have increased competition and opportunities for private businesses. The growth rate of India's GDP has nearly doubled in constant prices since liberalization. Interest rates have fallen by half, lowering costs for companies. Stock markets have also expanded dramatically, with the ratio of market capitalization to GDP rising from 3.5% in the early 1980s to over 59% in 2005. Overall, the financial sector has been transformed from a system dominated by government controls to a more market-governed system with expanded private and foreign participation.
It is most useful for the students of BBA for the subject of "Data Analysis and Modeling"/
It has covered the content of chapter- Data regression Model
Visit for more on www.ramkumarshah.com.np/
The document discusses the role of central banks as regulatory authorities of financial markets and institutions. It provides an overview of the history and evolution of central banking. It then discusses Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB), the central bank of Nepal, outlining its objectives, governance structure, and key functions. The central bank controls money supply, stabilizes markets, acts as lender of last resort, oversees payments and maintains a sound banking system. It carries out various monetary policy tools and provides public information.
This document provides an overview of NPA (non-performing asset) management in J&K Bank, a bank based in Jammu and Kashmir, India. It begins with background on the banking industry and J&K Bank itself. It then discusses the issues caused by high NPAs, various techniques for managing and reducing NPAs, and how J&K Bank specifically addresses NPA management. Key points include defining NPAs, outlining the problems they cause banks, discussing securitization as an NPA management strategy, and comparing J&K Bank's NPA levels to other Indian banks. The document contains details on J&K Bank's profile, services, and past financial performance to provide context.
The Reserve Bank of India is the central bank of India established in 1935. It was initially privately owned but was nationalized in 1949. The RBI regulates monetary policy and the country's banking system to promote economic growth and stability. It controls credit and money supply through various tools like open market operations, bank rates, and reserve requirements. The RBI also acts as a bank, lender, and manager of foreign exchange for India.
The document discusses various committees that are part of corporate governance structures, including audit, remuneration, nomination, compliance, and shareholders grievance committees. It also notes important characteristics of effective committees such as empowerment to obtain information, independence, and the ability to seek explanations from the board of directors. Some potential challenges that committees may face are also outlined, such as a lack of clear definitions, performance measures, and standardized guidelines.
The document is Yogesh Rathod's SIP project report submitted to K. S. School of Business Management in partial fulfillment of an MBA degree. The report examines home loans and builders tie-ups for State Bank of India. It includes an introduction to SBI and the student, analysis of the banking and real estate industries, methodology used in primary research with builders, findings on builders' perceptions and satisfaction with SBI services, and recommendations.
SIP PROJECT ON ICICI BANK BY :- GAURAV BHUTGaurav Bhut
The banking industry in India has a long history dating back to indigenous bankers in ancient times who provided loans and credit. After independence, the Reserve Bank of India was established in 1935 to regulate the banking sector. Several public sector banks were nationalized in 1969 to expand access to credit. The banking industry is now regulated under the Banking Regulation Act of 1949. ICICI Bank was established in 1994 and helped pioneer private sector banking in India. It has since grown to become one of the largest private sector banks in the country.
This document is an internship project report submitted by Sunil Nandi to the National Institute of Technology in Rourkela, India in partial fulfillment of an MBA program. The report focuses on the core banking and finance activities of Allahabad Bank's Howrah Main branch. It includes an introduction to Allahabad Bank's history and operations. The report then discusses the bank's vision, mission, products and services. It describes the research methodology and analyzes data related to Allahabad Bank's credit appraisal process and types of commercial loans.
This document contains information about State Bank of India (SBI), including its history, branches, products, and services. It discusses SBI's evolution from the Bank of Calcutta established in 1806. It provides details on SBI's large branch network of over 13,500 branches in India and overseas. The summary describes SBI's personal banking, corporate banking, retail banking, and tax-related products. It concludes by emphasizing SBI's focus on launching innovative products, customized services, better customer service, fast problem solving, and customer retention.
The document provides information about IDBI Bank Ltd. It discusses that IDBI was established in 1964 as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Reserve Bank of India to serve as an agent of development across various sectors like industry, agriculture, and international trade. IDBI played a dominant role in the balanced industrial development of India by directly or indirectly assisting major corporates. It also established institutions like SIDBI and played a role in the development of the capital market. Currently, the government holds a 51% stake in IDBI while the rest is publicly owned. IDBI has grown to be a large development bank financing various sectors of the economy over the years.
This document discusses NPA (non-performing assets) management. It defines NPAs as loans that are overdue by over 90 days. It categorizes NPAs as substandard, doubtful, and loss assets and outlines the different provisioning rates banks must hold against each category. The document also discusses the types (gross and net NPA), causes, effects of rising NPAs on banks, and strategies banks use to prevent and cure high NPA levels like debt restructuring and asset reconstruction companies.
The document outlines an internship report submitted by Mayank Mulchandani to Medi-Caps University about their summer internship at the State Bank of India branch in Indore. It provides an overview of SBI, including its vision, mission and management team, and describes the objectives, activities, and conclusions from Mulchandani's internship experience. The report identifies areas for SBI to improve such as increasing technology usage, customer service levels, and addressing infrastructure issues to better compete against private sector banks.
Bank of Baroda- Summer Internship ReportAnkit Kumar
This document is a summer internship report submitted by Ankit Kumar to Bank of Baroda. The internship focused on enhancing the user interface and experience of the Bank's website. Ankit conducted research through surveys and analysis of industry best practices. Key findings indicated customers liked the website design but had concerns about colors, navigation, and outdated content. Recommendations included using predictive suggestions to engage customers, improving design elements, and incorporating new technologies like AI assistants. The report provides an overview of the Bank, its products and performance, and outlines Ankit's research methodology and findings to enhance the website.
Summer intership project Customer statisfaction leval tpward service provided...Pritesh Radadiya
This document is a project report submitted for an MBA program. It provides an overview of a study conducted on customer satisfaction levels towards services provided by Rajkot People Co-operative Bank Ltd. The 3-page summary includes:
1) An introduction to co-operative banking in India, including a definition, history, importance and differences between co-operative and commercial banks.
2) An executive summary of the report, which analyzed services like loans, lockers, deposits and more through primary data collection to understand customer satisfaction.
3) An index of the full report, which contains sections on the bank's history and performance, products/services, research methodology used, data analysis and findings, suggestions and
A presentation on private placements in India. If you like my presentation, please share. And I would like to know your thoughts, so comment and let me know.
This document provides an overview of non-banking financial companies (NBFCs) in India. It defines NBFCs and outlines their role in the Indian financial system. It also describes the different types of NBFCs according to the Reserve Bank of India's classification system and summarizes the eligibility criteria, differences between NBFCs and banks, and the role of the RBI in regulating NBFCs. The document is intended to educate a group of students on the topic of NBFCs in India.
The PPT contains information about CIBIL - leading rating agency in India. It tells you about the shareholding pattern, CSR, management and other relevant info
Merchant banking refers to a range of financial services including underwriting shares, portfolio management, project counseling, and insurance provided by both commercial and investment banks for a fee. Merchant bankers play an important role as intermediaries between companies raising funds and investors. They perform various functions such as promotional activities, issue management, credit syndication, project counseling, portfolio management, and mergers and acquisitions. Merchant banking activities in India are regulated by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). Other key players in the capital markets include underwriters, bankers to an issue, brokers to an issue, and registrars and share transfer agents.
Merchant banking provides financial advisory services to large corporations. It helps with project counseling, loan syndication, managing public offerings, underwriting securities, and advising on mergers and acquisitions. In India, merchant banking first started in 1967 and is regulated by the Securities and Exchange Board of India. There are various categories of merchant bankers based on the types of services provided and minimum capital requirements. Some of the major merchant banking companies in India include ICICI Securities, SBI Capital Markets, Axis Bank, and Kotak Mahindra Capital.
This document is a dissertation submitted to the University of Jammu on new age financial products and their role in transforming modern banking. It provides background on Jammu and Kashmir Bank, which was established in 1938 as the first state-owned bank in India. The dissertation discusses how products like ATMs, credit cards, debit cards, e-banking and SMS banking have transformed modern banking by making financial transactions more convenient. However, it notes that awareness and adoption of these new products is still lacking among some segments of society.
This document provides an overview of the origin and development of the financial services industry in India. It discusses how the industry has grown significantly since the economic liberalization of the early 1990s. Deregulation and globalization have increased competition and opportunities for private businesses. The growth rate of India's GDP has nearly doubled in constant prices since liberalization. Interest rates have fallen by half, lowering costs for companies. Stock markets have also expanded dramatically, with the ratio of market capitalization to GDP rising from 3.5% in the early 1980s to over 59% in 2005. Overall, the financial sector has been transformed from a system dominated by government controls to a more market-governed system with expanded private and foreign participation.
It is most useful for the students of BBA for the subject of "Data Analysis and Modeling"/
It has covered the content of chapter- Data regression Model
Visit for more on www.ramkumarshah.com.np/
The document discusses the role of central banks as regulatory authorities of financial markets and institutions. It provides an overview of the history and evolution of central banking. It then discusses Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB), the central bank of Nepal, outlining its objectives, governance structure, and key functions. The central bank controls money supply, stabilizes markets, acts as lender of last resort, oversees payments and maintains a sound banking system. It carries out various monetary policy tools and provides public information.
This document provides information about Sanima Bank, a commercial bank in Nepal. It discusses Sanima Bank's history, mission, vision, objectives, products and services. It also describes the intern's activities in the customer service department, credit department, and deposit marketing department. The intern learned about Sanima Bank's various banking products and services, how to use their software, handle customer complaints, the loan approval process, and conduct marketing activities.
ThIS IS THE SLIDE WHERE it is really amazing please watch it and dont let u r hope be down .you are the one who can change you your life in better ways
This ppt show how your age has being going from childhood to old age .what old man want to say to his child .
how parents play a vital role where there children are kids
This document provides an overview of the luxurious Burj Al Arab hotel in Dubai and other ambitious development projects underway in the city. It describes the Burj Al Arab as the only 7-star hotel in the world, built in just 18 months. Rooms range from $7,500 to $15,000 per night, with numerous high-end amenities. Dubai has experienced immense growth, with 15% of the world's large towers under construction there. Future projects include the world's largest theme park and a rotating skyscraper with independently rotating floors powered by solar and wind energy.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
This is a real test given by theHuman Relations Dept. at many of the major corporations today. It helps themget better insight concerning their employees and prospective employees
Nepal has seen growth in debt financing from financial institutions but hasn’t been able to create an environment for long term equity/debt capital creation. This presentation aims to promote awareness about the capital markets and need for it to be developed so as to develop the whole economy.
Final study report for publication december 17, 2009Regmi Milan
This document summarizes a study on Nepal's microfinance policy and regulatory framework. The study aimed to review existing frameworks, identify stakeholder issues, and suggest measures to enhance sustainability and growth. Key findings include: 1) microfinance has expanded but penetration remains low, 2) regulations exist but reforms are needed, 3) a national seminar provided feedback before finalizing recommendations. The study resulted in the model Microfinance Act of 2009 to establish a level playing field and support sector growth.
Fabozzi, F. J., Modigliani, F., Jones, F. J., & Ferri, M. Foundations of financial markets and institutions. Delhi: Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd.
Overview of financial assets: concept of financial assets, debt versus equity instruments, the price of financial assets and risk, financial assets versus tangible assets, the role of financial assets; Financial markets: concepts and role of financial markets, classification of financial markets, market participants, globalization of financial markets, classification of global financial markets, motivation for foreign market and Euromarkets; The role of the government in financial markets: justification for regulation, forms of regulation; and Financial innovation: categorization of financial innovations, and motivation for financial innovation.
You can explore your knowledge about the Management Accounting chapters in the simplest way.
It has limitation that it does not contain all topics for Management Accounting.
NBL was established as a joint venture between the government and private shareholders. It started with authorized capital of NPR 10 million and paid-up capital of NPR 842,000 shared among 10 shareholders. Currently NBL has 114 branches across Nepal offering services like ABB, SMS banking, safe deposit vaults, and e-banking. NBL also offers various saving accounts and remittance services both within Nepal and internationally to facilitate funds transfer for Nepalese expatriates. Analysis of NBL deposit trends shows deposits are increasing over time, with most from saving accounts. The bank utilizes deposits effectively and recommendations include investing more in different sectors to increase deposits and loan offerings.
Samba Financial Group is a large banking firm in Saudi Arabia with international operations including branches in the UK, Qatar, Dubai, and a subsidiary with 28 branches across major Pakistani cities. Samba Bank Limited is its majority-owned subsidiary in Pakistan. The presentation provides an overview of Samba's history and background, vision, values, products, services, financial performance, branch network in Pakistan, SWOT analysis, and suggestions for improving its Pakistani operations.
The document provides information on various types of banks in India including commercial banks, public sector banks, private sector banks, foreign banks, small finance banks, payments banks, regional rural banks, and cooperative banks. It lists examples of banks for each category along with their headquarters and years established. The document aims to educate the reader on the Indian banking system and the roles served by different kinds of banks.
Sometimes our light goes out But is blown into flame by another human being....BHOMA RAM
The Bank of Rajasthan was established in 1943 in Udaipur, Rajasthan and has since expanded across India. It provides various banking services including deposits, loans, merchant banking, and international banking. The bank aims to be the most preferred bank through technology, lifelong customer relationships, and value creation for employees and stakeholders.
This document analyzes the banking sector in India. It begins with an introduction to the history and types of banks in India, including public sector banks, private sector banks, cooperative banks, and foreign banks. It then discusses the various services provided by banks, including treasury operations, retail banking, corporate banking, investment banking, lending, and agriculture banking. Sales turnover is analyzed for both public and private sector banks. Charts show the sales turnover and employees to sales turnover ratio for major private sector banks compared to public sector banks. In conclusion, the document states that banks play an important role in the Indian economy through activities like money issuance, payments, and credit creation.
The document provides an overview of the banking industry in Bangladesh. It discusses the structure of the banking sector, which includes state-owned commercial banks, private commercial banks, foreign commercial banks, and specialized banks. It also lists the major banks in each category and provides statistics on the total assets and deposits. Additionally, it gives a brief history of banking in Bangladesh and describes the roles of the central bank and commercial banks. It concludes with information on the growth of Islamic banking in the country.
The document discusses the functions and role of commercial banks in Bangladesh. It defines commercial banks as financial institutions that provide transactional, savings, and money market accounts while accepting time deposits. It then lists some of the major commercial banks in Bangladesh and their functions, which include receiving deposits, advancing various types of loans, and discounting bills. The document also outlines how commercial banks contribute to economic development in Bangladesh and discusses their evolving role in the 21st century global banking environment.
Bank of Maharashtra is an Indian public sector bank established in 1935 with headquarters in Pune. It has over 2,000 branches across India and provides various banking and financial services to consumers, corporations, and SMEs. The bank has a market capitalization of $2.45 billion and aims to expand its international presence through strategic growth initiatives.
Bank of Maharashtra is an Indian public sector bank established in 1935 with headquarters in Pune. It has over 2,000 branches across India and provides various consumer banking, corporate banking, and investment banking services. The bank has a market capitalization of $2.45 billion and aims to be a customer-centric and tech-savvy bank serving diverse sections of society while enhancing shareholder value.
This document provides information about Meezan Bank and its operations. It includes:
1) An introduction and background on Meezan Bank along with contact details for its branch staff members.
2) Details on Meezan Bank's vision, mission, values, and financial highlights including growth rates in deposits, assets, and profits.
3) Information on Meezan Bank's board of directors, Shariah supervisory board, credit ratings, and branch network across Pakistan.
4) Descriptions of some of Meezan Bank's main Islamic banking products and accounts.
The document summarizes various types of banks in India including commercial banks, public sector banks, private sector banks, foreign banks, regional rural banks, cooperative banks, and the Reserve Bank of India. It provides lists and details of major banks in each category. The three main types of commercial banks are public sector banks which are majority owned by the government, private sector banks which are privately owned, and foreign banks with branches in India. It also lists the 12 current public sector banks and several major private and foreign banks.
This document contains an analysis of NCC Bank including its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT). It summarizes that NCC Bank has strengths like capital adequacy and growth in remittances but weaknesses like less exposure in retail banking and increasing non-performing loans. Opportunities for the bank include potential in small and medium enterprise lending and mobile banking. Threats include aggressive competition from new banks and high levels of non-performing loans across the banking sector. The document recommends that NCC Bank reduce non-performing loans, increase retail banking exposure, and leverage opportunities in small business lending.
State Bank of India (SBI) is India's largest public sector bank. It has its headquarters in Mumbai and traces its ancestry back to 1806, making it the oldest commercial bank in India. SBI nationalized the Imperial Bank of India in 1955 and has expanded significantly since then. Today, SBI has over 21,500 branches across India and 172 offices worldwide. It provides a variety of banking and financial services to individual and corporate customers.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on contemporary management issues facing commercial banks in India. It provides an overview of the evolution of banking in India from early history through independence and liberalization. It then lists the various public sector, private, and foreign banks operating in India. It outlines the main functions of commercial banks including accepting deposits, advancing loans, performing agency functions, and providing general utility services. It also discusses the role and functions of the Reserve Bank of India in regulating the banking system and managing monetary policy. Finally, it examines some contemporary and future issues for the Indian banking sector.
The document provides an environmental analysis report for Canara Bank, an Indian public sector bank. It begins with an introduction to the bank's history, vision, mission, functions and services provided. It then discusses the external environment of the Indian banking sector through a PESTLE analysis, identifying various political, economic, social and technological factors. Specifically, it analyzes factors like monetary policy, government regulations, FDI limits, inflation rate, GDP growth, interest rates, and changing socio-cultural trends in India. The analysis finds that while liberalization poses threats from private banks, ongoing economic growth and financial inclusion initiatives provide opportunities for all banks to expand.
The document provides an overview of MCB Bank including its history, objectives, core values, management, products, clients and competitors. MCB was established in 1947 and was later nationalized and privatized, and it now has over 1,190 branches in Pakistan and abroad offering various banking services and products to retail and corporate customers. The management profiles and organizational structure are also outlined.
Summer training report on Operational risk management at State bank of bikane...jigyasa soni
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The objectives are to highlight operational risks in banking, examine SBBJ Bank's operational risk management efficiency, understand RBI guidelines for banks, and evaluate if banks follow these guidelines. It acknowledges the bank's management committee and offers an overview of the bank's products and services in personal banking, NRI services, international banking, corporate banking, agriculture, SMEs, and others.
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This document provides an overview of retail banking in India. It discusses key concepts related to retail banking such as what constitutes a bank and retail banking. It outlines the various forms of banking in India. It also discusses the Reserve Bank of India and its role in regulating the banking system and monetary policy. The document then covers public sector banks, private sector banks, regional rural banks, and new entities like payments banks in India. It provides historical information on the nationalization of banks and the evolution of the banking sector in India.
This document provides a summary of a summer training report for an MBA program. It discusses a summer training project conducted at HDFC Bank in Bhavnagar, India. The first few pages include preface, acknowledgements, executive summary and index sections. It then discusses topics like the history of banking in India, the profile of HDFC Bank, its organizational structure, products, services, marketing, finance, human resources and findings from the training project. The document aims to provide an overview of HDFC Bank and insights gained from the summer training.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
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at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
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Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
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This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
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The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
2. 2
Why do Banks exist?
• To Provide Financial products and Services
3. Banks in Nepal
1. Central Bank – One Parent Bank
2. Commercial Banks (Class A)
3. Development Banks (Class B)
4. Finance Companies (Class C)
5. (a) Micro Credit Development Banks (Class D)
(b) Saving and Credit Co-operatives (Limited
Banking – over 15000 across Nepal)
3
4. Commercial Banks (A) in Nepal
Nepal Bank Limited Kumari Bank Limited
Rastriya Banijya Bank Limited Laxmi Bank Limited
Agriculture Development Bank Limited Siddhartha Bank Limited
Nabil Bank Limited Global IME Bank Limited
Nepal Investment Bank Limited Citizens Bank International Limited
Standard Chartered Bank Nepal Limited Prime Commercial Bank Limited
Himalayan Bank Limited Sunrise Bank Limited
Nepal SBI Bank Limited Grand Bank Nepal Limited
Nepal Bangladesh Bank Limited NMB Bank Limited (Nepal)
Everest Bank Limited Prabhu Bank Limited
Bank of Kathmandu Limited Janata Bank Nepal Limited
Nepal Credit and Commerce Bank Limited Mega Bank Nepal Limited
Lumbini Bank Limited Civil Bank Limited
NIC Asia Bank Limited Century Commercial Bank Limited
Machhapuchchhre Bank Limited Sanima Bank Limited
4
Total No. 30
5. Development Banks (B) in Nepal
5
Nepal Industrial Development Corporation
Malika Bikash Bank Limited
Siddhartha Development Bank Limited
Yeti Development Bank Limited
United Bikash Bank Limited
Narayani Development Bank Limited
Pashimanchal Development Bank Limited
Sahayogi Bikas Bank Limited
Karnali Bikash Bank Limited
Triveni Development Bank Limited (in merger
process with Bright and Triveni)
Supreme Development Bank Limited
Bhrikuti Bikas Bank Limited (in merger process with
NMB Bank)
Shubhechchha Bikas Bank Limited
Sangrila Development Bank Limited
Gorkha Bikas Bank Limited
Gandaki Bikas Bank Limited
Infrastructure Development Bank Limited
Business Development Bank Limited
Biratlaxmi Bikas Bank Limited
Excel Development Bank Limited
Western Development Bank Limited
H. & B. Development Bank Limited
Arniko Development Bank Limited
NDEP Development Bank Limited (in merger process
with Rising Development Bank)
Clean Energy Development Bank Limited (im merger
process with NMB Bank)
Miteri Development Bank Limited
Tinau Bikas Bank Limited
Rising Development Bank Limited (in merger process with NDEP
Bank)
Muktinath Bikas Bank Limited
Sewa Bikas Bank Limited
Kankai Bikas Bank Limited
Public Development Bank Limited (in merger process with Triveni
and Bright Bank)
Ace Development Bank Limited
Mahakali Bikas Bank Limited
Bhargab Bikas Bank Limited
Vibor Bikas Bank Limited
Country Development Bank Limited
Alpine Development Bank Limited
Nilgiri Bikas Bank Limited
Kasthamandap Development Bank Limited
Professional Diyalo Bikas Bank Limited
Kamana Bikas Bank Limited
Corporate Development Bank Limited
City Development Bank Limited
Garima Bikas Bank Limited
Biswo Bikas Bank Limited
Pathibhara Bikas Bank Limited (in merger process with NMB Bank)
Kabeli Bikas Bank Limited
Purnima Bikas Bank Limited
Jyoti Bikas Bank Limited
Shine Resunga Development Bank Limited
Bagmati Development Bank Limited
Hamro Bikas Bank Limited
Total No. 82
Kakre Bihar Bikas Bank Limited
Pacific Development Bank Limited
Civic Development Bank Limited
International Development Bank Limited
Kanchan Development Bank Limited
Bright Development Bank Limited (in merger process with Triveni
and Public Bank)
Matribhumi Bikas Bank Limited
Innovative Development Bank Limited
Jhimruk Bikas Bank Limited
Metro Development Bank Limited
Raptibheri Bikas Bank Limited
Gaumukhi Bikas Bank Limited
Tourism Development Bank Limited
Mission Development Bank Limited
Mount Makalu Development Bank Limited
Sindhu Bikas Bank Limited
Sahara Development Bank Limited
Nepal Community Development Bank Limited
Cosmos Development Bank Limited
Manasalu Development Bank Limited
Ekata Development Bank Limited
Kalinchowk Development Bank Limited
Kailash Development Bank Limited
Salapa Development Bank Limited
Saptakoshi Development Bank Limited
Sajha Development Bank Limited
Apex Development Bank Limited
Green Development Bank Limited
Reliable Development Bank Limited
9. 9
Banking as a Whole
Clients
Includes Auto Finance,
Consumer Banking, Home
Finance, Insurance and Small
Business Banking
Provides mutual fund, insurance
& home finance and workplace
banking products to consumers
and small businesses
One of the world’s leading
investment banks
Services provided: Advice on
corporate strategy and structure,
raising and placing capital, making
markets in financial instruments and
offering sophisticated risk
management services
Provides investment & wealth management
services to institutional investors, high net
worth individuals & retail customers
Provides personalized advice and solutions to
wealthy individuals
Global leader in transaction
processing and information
services to wholesale clients
Three Businesses: Institutional
Trust Services, Investor
Services(WSS) and Treasury
Services
Major provider of financial services
including corporate finance, cash
management, & credit
Comprises of five national business
segments: Middle Market Banking,
Mid-Corporate Banking, Commercial
Real Estate, Asset Based Lending
and Commercial Leasing
Delivers credit card and other related
payment products to cardholders and
merchant outlets
Aims to be the preferred payment card in
existing customers wallets and to increase
access to new customers
Investment
Bank
Treasury and
Securities
Services
Card
Services
Asset
and
wealth
Management
Retail
Financial
Services
Commercial
Banking
11. 11
Banking and Banking operations
Bank is a commercial institution licensed as a receiver of deposits. Banks are mainly concerned
with making and receiving payments as well as supplying short-term loans to individuals.
Exists to help you make the most of your money
Assist you with your monetary requirements and promote savings
How do they do it ??
By offering different products and Services Banking Services
Deposits Loans Services Capital Market
Short Term Long Term Retail Institutional
Fund based activities, greater market risk
Fee based activities, lesser market risk
E.g.
Savings
Current
Fixed E.g.
Overdraft
E.g.
Auto Loan
Home Loan
E.g.
DDs
Lockers
Bill Pay
E.g.
Bank
Guarantee
Trade
Finance
E.g.
Depository
Participants
Custodian
Merchant
Banking
Debenture
Trustees
12. 12
For Foreigners:
Copy of Passport of their respective countries with Valid Employment of
Student Visa. Tourist visa is not acceptable.
Copy of an authorized letter issued by their place of Employment or
Academic Institution for students
Two copies of recent photograph should also be obtained
Documents required to open a Bank Account
For Individual (Nepal & India):
Copy of citizenship certificate for Nepali national.
Copy of Embassy registration certificate issued by Embassy of India,
Kathmandu, as Indian national/copy of valid passport.
Two copies of recent photograph should also be obtained
13. 13
Documents required to open a Bank Account
For Proprietorship Firm:
Declaration of Sole Proprietorship.
Copy of renewed Firm Registration Certificate.
Copy of renewed Income Tax Registration Certificate.
Copy of identification paper of promoter/ account operators.
Two copies of recent photograph of proprietor should also be obtained.
For Partnership Firm:
Letter of Partnership duly signed by all partners.
Copy of Partnership Deed duly attested.
Certified copy of Partnership Registration.
Identification papers of all partners and account operators.
Income tax registration/renewed certificate
14. 14
Documents required to open a Bank Account
For Corporate Bodies:
Memorandum and Articles of Association of the company.
List of existing directors.
Resolution of Board of Directors to open and operate the account.
Company registration and Income Tax registration/renewed certificate.
Identification papers of directors and account operators.
Notification of appointment of office bearers as authorized account operators in case
of Corporations.
For Clubs, Societies and Associations:
List of Office Bearers and their addresses.
Copy of Resolution to open and operate the account.
Name and signature of persons authorized to operate the account.
Copy of registration certificate.
Identification papers of account operators.
Affiliation certificate with the Social Welfare Council or other concerned Councils.
15. 15
Role of Banks
Intermediary role between lenders and borrowers
• Lenders – Deposits funds with Banks
• Liability products (Liability for Banks)
• Borrowers – Borrows funds from Banks
• Asset Products (Assets for Banks)
16. 16
Different Type of Payment method
1.Normal Cheque
2.Good-for-Payment Cheque: Good for payment cheque is a tool used by a
bank as guarantee to pay the money to beneficiary of the cheque endorsed
by the bank. Such cheques are issued to the depositors having adequate funds
to pay for their liabilities.
3.Demand Draft is a pre-paid instrument, wherein Bank by whom the DD has
been made undertakes responsibility to make full payment.
4.A letter of credit (LC) is a document from a bank guaranteeing that a
seller will receive payment in full as long as certain delivery conditions have
been met. In the event that the buyer is unable to make payment on the
purchase, the bank will cover the outstanding amount.
18. 18
Different types of Banks
Types of Banks
Central Bank (RBI)
Non Banking
Finance Companies
(NBFCs)
Commercial Banks Term Financial
Institutions
State Finance
Corporations
(SFCs)
Indian Financial
Institutions
E.g.
IFCI
NABARD
SIDBI
Public
Sector
Private
Sector Foreign Co-
operative
Banks
Regional
Rural
BanksE.g.
SBI
PNB
BOB
E.g.
HDFC Bank
UTI Bank
ICICI Bank
E.g.
Citibank
ABN Amro
HSBC
State/Central Private Primary Credit
Societies
19. 19
Broad Categories
Retail Banking
Typical mass-market banking in which individual customers use local
branches of larger commercial banks.
Services offered include savings and checking accounts, mortgages,
personal loans, debit/credit cards and certificates of deposit (CDs).
Whole Sale Banking
Banking services which (in contrast to retail banking) are offered only to
government agencies, pension funds, other institutional customers and to
corporations with strong balance sheets and sound income statements.
These services include cash management, fleet and equipment leasing,
large-sum loans, loan participation, merchant banking, and trust services.
Borrowing and lending amongst banks in inter-bank market, often involving
very large sums.
20. 20
•Accepting deposits from Public
•Lending money to public
•Remittances/Collection Business
•Keeping valuables in safe custody
•Government business
•Acting as trustee
•Treasury services
•Capital Market activity
•Merchant Banking
Activities of a Bank
21. 21
Capital Markets Overview
Markets – A place where exchange of goods and services happen
Capital Market
•Place where capital (fund) requirements of the issuers are
met; i.e. Issuers (Corporate, Government, etc) raise funds
•Trades in these markets are for debt, equity securities or
other instruments
•Organized, as they are governed by regulatory bodies
[Securities & Exchange Board of India, RBI]
22. 22
Regulator
Underwriters
Merchant Banker / Investment Bank – JPM
Brokers
Exchanges
Custodians
Banks
Depositories
Depositary Participants
R & T Agents
Market Participants
Capital Markets intermediaries
23. 23
SEBI – Securities Board of India
SEC – Securities & Exchange commission (USA)
FSA – Financial Services Authority (UK)
NRB – Nepal Rastra Bank
Capital Markets – Regulators
24. 24
Underwriter
Who underwrites the issue in case of under-subscription; takes the stock in
its books
Assessing the credit worthiness of borrowers and agreeing to fund loans
Agreeing to bear the financial risk inherent in an insurance contract
Guarantee a minimum selling price (in case of IPO) by the investment banker
Merchant Banker / Investment Bank
•An underwriter or agent for corporations and municipalities issuing
securities
•Maintain broker/dealer operations mostly, maintain markets for
previously issued securities
•Offer advisory services to investors
•Large role in facilitating mergers and acquisitions, private equity
placements and corporate restructuring
•Do not accept deposits from and provide loans to individuals
(Investment Banks, especially)
Capital Markets intermediaries
25. 25
Brokers
•An individual or firm that charges a fee or commission for
executing buy and sell orders submitted by an investor.
•The role of a firm when it acts as an agent for a customer and
charges the customer a commission for its services.
Exchanges
•A market in which securities, commodities, options, or futures
are traded.
•Although you will mostly trade stocks through a broker
•NSE, BSE, NYSE, NASDAQ, LSE
Capital Markets intermediaries
26. 26
Custodian
An agent, bank, trust company, or other organization which holds and
safeguards an individual's, mutual fund's, or investment company's assets
for them.
Bank
An organization, usually a corporation, chartered by a state or federal
government, which does most or all of the following: receives demand
deposits and time deposits, honors instruments drawn on them, and pays
interest on them; discounts notes, makes loans, and invests in securities;
collects checks, drafts, and notes; certifies depositor's checks; and issues
drafts and cashier's checks.
Capital Markets intermediaries
27. 27
Depositories
An institution which facilitates the clearing of securities between the
stock exchange & depository participants; holds assets in electronic form
on behalf of ultimate beneficiaries
Depository Participant
Any institution like a bank that maintains the dematerialized
accounts of beneficiaries, provides services of settling securities
traded on the exchange; Agent of Depository
Registrar and Transfer Agents
maintain the records of members (shareholders) for the issuer company
Capital Markets intermediaries
28. 28
Market Participants
Various persons / entities that indulge in buying & selling Examples:
•Qualified Institutional Buyers
•Foreign Institutional Investors, Foreign Venture Capital
•Domestic Institutional Investors - Banks, Financial
Institutions, Insurance Companies, Mutual Funds, Venture
Capital
•Non - Institutional - High Net worth Clients (E.g. NRI, HUF, Government &
Private Corporate bodies)
•Retail Individual Investors
Capital Markets intermediaries
29. 29
Products: Foreign Exchange
Definition: Buying (or selling) of a currency and paying for it with another at an agreed price
(exchange rate) for settlement on an agreed date
Complete the grid of descriptions using the following words
1. Payment Instructions
2. Receiving / receipt Instructions
3. Currencies
4. 2 Counterparties
5. Broker
6. Value date
7. Booked the right way round
8. Amount
9. Exchange rate
10. Trade Date
30. 30
Products: Foreign Exchange
Explanation
Has to be two of these for the exchange to be possible
A numerical figure that shows the value of the trade
The price of one currency expressed in another
The day the trade will settle. i.e. the funds will be debit / credit
from / to your account
Shows which currency we are paying and receiving.
Helps to arrange a trade on behalf of others
The entities involved in the trade
The day the deal was agreed
Where we are receiving our currency to?
Where are we paying the currency to?
Trade Date
Receipt Instructions
Payment Instructions
2 Counterparties
Broker
Booked Right Way Round
Value date
Exchange rate
Amount
Currencies
Component
31. 31
Currencies
What currencies do you know?
Have a name:
Eg United States Dollar, Japanese Yen
Have a 3 figure code
Eg, USD and JPY
32. 32
Price of a currency
• Factors that affect the price of a currency
-Economic e.g. Interest rate, inflation rate
- Political
• Strong currency
• Weak currency
33. 33
WHY FX
• For personal requirement
• For business requirement
• For speculation
34. 34
Banks trade in Commodities just as they do in currencies.
Commodities are split Into 4 groups:
• Energy – e.g. Gas, Oil
• Base Metals – e.g. Copper, Aluminium
• Precious Metals – e.g. Gold, Silver
• Soft Commodities – e.g. Coffee, Sugar, paper
Products: Commodities
35. 35
What Precious metals do banks trade in?
XAU
XAG
XPT
XPD
Gold
Silver
Platinum
Palladium
(In place of currency codes the chemical elements of the metal are used to identify the metal)
Products: Commodities
37. 37
What is a Bond?
Our Products: Bonds
A certificate of debt (usually interest-bearing) that is issued by a
government or corporation in order to raise money
The issuer is required to pay a fixed sum annually until maturity
and then a fixed sum to repay the principal
Effectively it is a loan. The company who receives the money,
issues a Bond with terms and conditions stating when they will pay
back interest and principle amount to the lender of the money
(Investor)
38. 38
Products: Bonds
Key Terms of a Bond
• Face Value
• Coupon
• Maturity
• Issuer
Nominal Amount
What the Bond is worth when redeemed at maturity
Amount of interest paid to Bond Holder during the life:
(e.g. 5% = 5% of Face Value of investment)
Date for coupon payments. Usually 6 monthly (does depend on terms of issuance)
Date the principle amount is paid back to the investor.
Activity: Lets Look at a practical example.
Who Issued the Bond. (Received the money)
39. 39
Bond Issuer
e.g. A Corporation or
Government
Investor
Pay $1,000,000
Receives Bond
Makes regular payments (Coupons)
Bond maturity pay back $1m
Products: Bonds
Conceptual Example
40. 40
Big Company Ltd
Small Company Inc
1.
Big Company Ltd
want to buy Small
Company Inc.
In order to do so it
needs to raise
capital.
The purchase price
is $1,000,000
2. Raising capital:
In this example, Big
Company A looks to
borrow money
3. Raising capital:
It borrows money
by issuing a BOND.
4.Raising capital:
An Investor buys the
bond. (can be a bank,
corporation, Individual
etc etc)
Products: Bonds
Conceptual Example
Investor(s)
Pays $1,000,000
Issues Bond(s) to Investors
5. End Result
Big Company Ltd can now finance its purchase of Small
Company Inc and will pay the Investors back. How
much depends on the bond (loan) terms.
41. 41
Big Company Ltd Investor(s)
Investors hold
the Bond until Maturity
Coupons of 5% are paid semi annually
by Big Company to Investors.
Products: Bonds
Pay back principle amount (e.g. $1,000,000) at maturity
Conceptual Example
Paid $1,000,000
Coupon payments
made
every 6 months for
term of bond
10 Year Bond = 20
payments
42. 42
Role of banks in bonds
Products: Bonds
BMWBMW
Want to start
design and produce
a new model car
Estimate they need
EURO 5 million to
do this
They chose to raise
this capital by
issuing a Bond
BMW Contact
JPMorgan and
appoint them as
Lead Manager on
Bond Issue
JPMorgan Pay BMW
EURO 5 Million and
receive Bonds
Issue Bonds into
the market
Investors
Bond Buyer
Investors
Bond Buyer
JPMorganJPMorgan
Example
EURO 5 M
Bonds Bonds
EURO 5 M
Bond
Market
Pay cash Pay cash Pay cash
Receive
Bonds Receive
Bonds
Receive
Bonds
Investors
Bond Buyer
43. 43
Types of Shares
• Ordinary Share – These shares give the investor the right to a dividend, if declared.
Should the company go into liquidation, then holders of this class of share holds the
lowest priority of repayment.
• Deferred Ordinary share- These give shareholders additional voting rights or the right to
higher dividends. Often these shares will not qualify for dividend until a particular date
has been reached or the company profit has reached a pre- determined.
• Golden Shares – These shares are designed to allow the shareholders the right to a
casting vote. In cases of privatization, the government often held golden shares. This
allowed them to have the casting vote if required, as a form of control, during take-over
bids or other serious matters. These shares are normally used in UK.
• Preference Shares – These shares form part of the share capital of the company. They
pay fixed dividend and in the event of liquidation they hold preference
44. 44
Products: Derivatives
Definition
A security, such as an Option or Futures contract, whose value depends on the
performance of an underlying product.
Derivative in itself is not a product, it does however rely on an underlying
product for its market value.
For this course we will look at 3 derivative examples
• Futures
• Options
• Single Currency Interest Rate Swap
47. 47
Products: Derivatives
Futures
UK Potato
Farmer
UK Potato
Farmer
• Has crop of potatoes
• Ready to sell in 6 months
What can happen in the 6 months before the potatoes are ready?
• Potato Supplies worldwide except UK could fail
• In 5 months time there is a scare about effect of potatoes on health
• Supply remains stable with no impact on current prices
48. 48
Products: Derivatives
Futures
What can happen in the 6 months before the potatoes are ready?
Risks:
• Crop could fail
• Price movement
Controls:
• Insurance
• Agree buyer now at agreed price
(Future trade)
49. 49
Products: Derivatives
Futures
Futures
Exchang
e SupermarketSupermarketUK Potato
Farmer
UK Potato
Farmer
Farmer enters into a Futures contract
Using the Futures Exchange
Seller: UK Potato Farmer
Buyer: Supermarket
Product: Grade A Potatoes
Price: £5 / sack
Quantity: 5,000 Sacks
Delivery: 5th
June 2005
Total Price: £25,000
Future Contract
Agree to sell
potatoes
Agree to buy
potatoes
Finds a buyer for potatoes
Agrees a price
Agrees a delivery date
50. 50
Products: Derivatives
Futures
June 5th
2005
• Farmer will deliver potatoes to Supermarket through Exchange
• Supermarket will pay Farmer through Exchange
• Farmer has guaranteed income (providing crop doesn’t fail – insurance would cover this)
This agreement means the Farmer has an obligation to deliver
potatoes on this date and Supermarket has an obligation to pay
farmer the agreed price. All this happens via Exchange
52. 52
Products: Derivatives
The buyer has the right, but not the obligation to buy or sell
the underlying product at an agreed price on an agreed date
The buyer pays a premium to the seller have this right.
Definition
Let’s look at an FX Option
Options
Page 45-49 in Workbook
53. 53
FX Option
Products: Derivatives
Big Company
USA
Big Company
USA
Computer R Us UK
(CRUUK)
Computer R Us UK
(CRUUK)
Big Company has ordered a
supply of computer
components from CRUUK
(Computer R Us UK)
Computer R Us UK will deliver
the computer equipment in 3
months time
This will cost Big Company Ltd
GBP 1,000,000. in 3 months
What needs to happen
To Pay for this order Big
Company will have to do a
Foreign Exchange trade.
They need to buy GBP
1,000,000 (to pay CRUUK)
And pay for it with USD
Have to pay
£1,000,000
Deliver
Computer
Components
in 3 months
Page 45-49 in Workbook
54. 54
FX Option
Products: Derivatives
What choices does Big Company Ltd have?
• Buy the £’s via a forward FX trade (arrange today value 3 months)
• Buy the £’s in 3 months – spot trade
(exchange rate unknown until 3 months)
• Do an FX Option
Page 45-49 in Workbook
55. 55
FX Option
Products: Derivatives
Big Company Ltd decide to use an FX Option
Why?
• Want to know state of cash flows (now and future)
• FX Option will limit any exchange rate movements
Page 45-49 in Workbook
56. 56
FX Option
Products: Derivatives
How does it work?
Buyer: Big Company
Seller: JPMorgan
FX Option Details
Call: GBP: 1,000,000
Put: USD: 1,500,000
Strike Price 1.5
Expiry Date 5th
March 2004
Delivery date 7th
March 2004
Premium: $5000
Big Company
(USA)
Big Company
(USA)
JPMorganJPMorgan
On January 5th
2004
Big Company contact JPMorgan
Big Company agree to buy an FX
Option from JPMorgan.
This Option gives them the right
but NOT the obligation to use this
trade on the delivery date
The FX OptionBought By
To have this right but not
obligation Big Company
pay JPMorgan a premium
Page 45-49 in Workbook
57. 57
FX Option
Products: Derivatives
Buyer: Big Company
Seller: JPMorgan
FX Option Details
Call: GBP: 1,000,000
Put: USD: 1,500,000
Strike Price 1.5
Expiry Date 5th
March 2004
Delivery date 7th
March 2004
Premium: $5000
Big company now have the right to use [exercise] this trade for settlement on March 7th
The FX Option
What are the key dates?
Expiry Date:
Date that Big Company have to decide whether to exercise the Option
Delivery Date:
Date that transfer of funds would occur if Big Company Ltd
exercise this Option
Other FX Option Components
Call:
Currency that the buyer of the Option would receive
Put:
Currency that the buyer of the Option would sell
Strike:
Exchange Rate that would be used if Option is exercised
Page 45-49 in Workbook
58. 58
Products: Derivatives
FX Option
Buyer: Big Company
Seller: JPMorgan
FX Option Details
Call: GBP: 1,000,000
Put: USD: 1,500,000
Strike Price 1.5
Expiry Date 5th
March 2004
Delivery date 7th
March 2004
Premium: $5000
The FX Option
How do Big company know whether to exercise the Option?
On 5th
March
• Look at current FX [Spot] rate
• If they used the spot rate (Not the Option Strike rate)
how much would it cost to buy the £1,000,000?
• Would it be cheaper to use the Spot rate and let the
Option expire or…
• Use the Option because the spot price in market would
cost more in USD.
Lets look at possible choices Big Company Could make
Page 45-49 in Workbook
59. 59
Buyer: Big Company
Seller: JPMorgan
FX Option Details
Call: GBP: 1,000,000
Put: USD: 1,500,000
Strike Price 1.5
Expiry Date 5th
March 2004
Delivery date 7th
March 2004
Premium: $5000
The FX Option
Products: Derivatives
FX Option
RATE Would
COST in USD
To buy £1,000,000 on Spot Market
1.3
1.7
Exercise
Option
If SPOT Rate
If SPOT Rate $1,300,000
$1,700,000
5th
March
To Buy £1,000,000. using the FX Option would cost:?
$1,500,000
NO
YES
Remember:
Big Company bought the Option 3 months ago So wouldn’t know what
the rates would be today. Buying the Option limits the cost of the
Computer purchases to a maximum of $1,500,000.
(plus the $5000 premium)
Page 45-49 in Workbook
60. 60
‘In’, ‘At’ or ‘Out Of’ the Money?
Cost
in
USD
Foreign Exchange Spot Rate
1.3 1.5 1.7
$1,700,000
$1,500,000
$1,300,000
Products: Derivatives
FX Option: To buy £1,000,000
Out of the Money
At the Money
In the Money
Page 45-49 in Workbook
Editor's Notes
The treasury department of a bank is responsible for balancing and managing the daily cash flow and liquidity of funds within the bank. The department also handles the bank's investments in securities, foreign exchange, asset/liability management and cash instruments.
DP: intermediaries between the depository and the investors
Depository: refer to any place where something is deposited for storage or security purposes
A bank guarantee is a promise from a bank or other lending institution that if a particular borrower defaults on a loan, the bank will cover the loss. Note that a bank guarantee is not the same as a letter of credit.
A merchant bank is a financial institution that provides capital to companies in the form of share ownership instead of loans. A merchant bank also provides advisory on corporate matters to the firms in which they invest. In the United Kingdom, the term "merchant bank" refers to an investment bank.
'Debenture' A type of debt instrument that is not secured by physical assets or collateral. Debentures are backed only by the general creditworthiness and reputation of the issuer. Both corporations and governments frequently issue this type of bond in order to secure capital.