The first generation offspring of a cross between different inbred line parents is called Hybrid Cultivar. Hybrids are developed to get Heterosis or Hybrid Vigor Heterosis is a universal phenomenon in which F1 shows superiority to both parents in agronomic traits or yield

2. Hybrid Cotton Development
Presented by: Muhammad Zulqarnain (17-Arid-4757)
Presented to: Dr. Fahad Masood Wattoo sb.
Course title: Breeding Fiber Crops
Course code: PBG-511
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics

3. COTTON:
Cotton, The Silver Fiber
Botanical name: Gossypium spp.
Family : Malvaceae
Chromosome no. : Diploid 2n= 26
Tetraploid 4n= 52 (X=13)
 Diploid species include G. herbaceum
(Southern Africa) and G. arboreum (India).
 Tetraploid species includes G. barbadense
(Southern America) and G. hirsutum (American,
upland cotton)

4. Hybrid Cultivar:
 The first generation offspring of a cross between different
inbred line parents is called Hybrid Cultivar.
 Hybrids are developed to get Heterosis or Hybrid Vigor
 Heterosis is a universal phenomenon in which F1 shows
superiority to both parents in agronomic traits or yield.
 Heterosis is measured in three types:
 Mid-Parent heterosis
 Better Parent heterosis
 Standard heterosis

5. Why need Hybrid Cotton?
 Hybrids of cotton have wider adaptability
 Hybrids have 50% more productivity than
varieties
 High degree of resistance to biotic and abiotic
stresses
 Hybrids have uniform fiber quality
 Hybrids reduce the use of insecticides and cut
farmers production costs

6. Cotton Pollination:
 Cotton is self-pollinated crop because pollen is shed
directly on stigma
 Cross pollination due to insects
 Cross pollination ranges from 5-25% sometimes exceeds
50%
 Hence Cotton is an often cross pollinated crop

7. Selfing of Cotton:
Selfing in cotton is done by;
 Covering the cotton bud with a small paper bag
OR
 Fastening together the tips of corolla with rubber
band or fine copper wire
 A self pollinated cotton plant is obtained having
full homozygosity

8. Crossing in Cotton:
Crossing involves two steps:
1.) Emasculation
 Removal of staminal column on the day before flowering
 Cover emasculated flower to protect it from insect pollination
2.) Pollination
 Emasculated flower is pollinated by brushing ripe anthers over the
stigma of emasculated flower
 A bright colored tag attached to flower stem facilitates identification
when boll id formed

9. HYBRIDIZATION :
 Hybridization is the crossing of genetically
different parents for the sake of creating
variability , often with the purpose of obtaining
genotypes with transgressive performance.
 This is the most widely used method of
developing new cotton cultivars
 Thus a Hybrid Cotton Plant is Developed having
heterozygosity

10. MALE STERILITY:
Male sterility is another method to develop hybrid cultivars of cotton
Tetraploid Cotton has following two methods of male sterility;
Genetic Male Sterility
o Also called nuclear male sterility
o Single recessive gene or dominant genes cause male sterility
o For example Ms4 causes complete male sterility
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility
 It occurs due to involvement of non-nuclear genes.
 CMS cotton results from the transfer of G. hirsutum chromosome into
G. harknessii cytoplasm. Progeny of such male sterile plants will be
always male sterile.
 Fertility is restored by a dominant gene (Rf) by G. harknessi.

11. HYBRID COTTON VARIETIES:
 S-12 CIM-446
 MNH-93 AC-134
 FH-142 NIAB Karishma
 MNH-1027 SLS-1
 MNH-1028 VH-305
 NIAB-78

12. Current Position:
 Pakistan is the 5th largest cotton producer in the
world.
 The contribution of cotton to total GDP is 1.0%.
 Pakistan is the 3rd largest exporter of raw cotton.
 In 2018-19 cultivated area was 2.37 million
hectare
 In 2018-19 production was 10.777 million bales.

14. Conclusion:
 Cotton is the most important fiber crop of Pakistan
 Due to low yield and insect attack there is great need to
develop new hybrid cultivars
 A huge cost is paid to import oil for consumption , thus
more yield can lower this cost
 Hybrid have more yield than conventional varieties
 They have more insecticide tolerance
 So there is a dire need to enhance productivity and pest
resistance of newly hybrid cotton varieties.