Badara - Zizypus Sativa is a thorny tree found throughout India that can grow up to 10-12 meters tall. It has many vernacular names across regions. The plant has alternate ovate or oblong leaves and small yellow flowers. Its fruit is green to yellow and oval shaped, containing a single hard seed. It has various medicinal uses mentioned in Ayurvedic texts for treating conditions like diarrhea, cough, and vomiting. The bark, fruit, leaves, and roots contain chemical compounds and have properties that help balance vata and pitta doshas.

1. Badara – Zizypus Sativa

2. Badara – Zizypus Sativa
It is a thorny tree grows upto 10- 12 mtrs.
Found in all parts of India, charaka used the term
Badara in his vargas while Susruta termed as
Badari.

3. Vernacular Names:-
San:- Badara
Hin:- Bera
Tel:- Regu Chettu
Kan:- Bare hannu

4. Synonames:-
Souviram:- Originates in Suvira desa
Badari:-Influences strength, sperm count
Karkandu:- wears spines
Gosta:- Plesant to mind by its taste
Koli:- even grows in dry land
Phenilam:- Increases kapha
Kuvalm:- it occupies max space

5. Kula:- Badara
Family :- Rhamnaceae
Gana:-
Charaka-
Hrudya,
Swedopaga
Virechanopaga,
Chardinigrahana
Sushruta-
Nyagrodadi
Vagbata –
Nyagrodadi

6. Varieties:-
Bhavamisra described 3 varieties:-
1. Karkandu- Z. Nummularia
2. Sauvira- Z. Sativa
3. Kola- Z. Jujuba
Rajanigantu:-
4. Ghonta- Z.Xylopyra
others-
5. Valli Badara- Z. Oenoplea

7. In India, there are 90 or more cultivars differing in the
habit of the tree, leaf shape, fruit form, size, color,
flavor, keeping quality, and fruiting season. Among the
important cultivars, eleven are described in the
encyclopaedicWealth of India: 'Banarasi (or
Banarsi) Pewandi', 'Dandan',
'Kaithli' ('Patham'), 'Muria Mahrara', 'Narikelee',
'Nazuk', 'Sanauri 1', 'Sanauri 5', 'Thornless' and
'Umran' ('Umri'). The skin of most is smooth and
greenish-yellow to yellow.

8. Habitate:- India, Iran, China, Afghanistan

9. Morphology:-
The plant may be a bushy shrub 4 to 6 ft (1.2-1.8 m) high, or a tree 10 to 30 or even
40 ft (3-9 or 12 m) tall; erect set with short, sharp straight or hooked spines. It may
be evergreen, or leafless for several weeks in hot summers.
The leaves are alternate, ovate- or oblong-elliptic, 1 to 2 1/2 in (2.5-6.25 cm) long,
3/4 to 1 1/2 in (2-4 cm) wide.
The 5-petalled flowers are yellow, tiny, in 2's or 3's in the leaf axils.
The fruit of wild trees is 1/2 to 1 in (1.25-2.5 cm) long. May reach 2 1/2 in (6.25 cm)
in length and 1 3/4 in (4.5 cm) in width.It may be oval, obviate, round or oblong; the
skin smooth or rough, glossy, thin but tough, turns from light-green to yellow, later
becomes partially or wholly burnt-orange or red-brown or all-red. When slightly
under ripe, the flesh is white, crisp, juicy, acid or sub acid to sweet, somewhat
astringent. At first the aroma is apple like and pleasant but it becomes peculiarly
musky as the fruit ages.
There is a single, hard, oval or oblate, rough central stone which contains 2 elliptic,
brown seeds, 1/4 in (6 mm) long.

10. Ziziphus. Jujuba- Kola

11. Zizipus Sativa- Sauvira

12. Zizipus nummularia- Karkandu

13. Zizipus oenoplea- Valli Badara

14. Zizipus Xylopyra- Gonta

15. Chemical Composition:-
Bark :- leucocynaidin, mauritines
Fruit :- jujubogenin, zeatin, saponin
Leaves :- Rutin, yuziphine,

16. Properties:-
Rasa:- Madura, Amla ,Kasaya
Veerya:- Sheeta
Vipaka:- Madura
Guna:- Guru, Snigda, Picchila

17. Dosha Karma:-
Vatapittahara

18. Functions Acc to Diff Scholars
Charaka:-
1.Arsha:- sitting in badarakwata subsides pain
2.Atisara:- Kwata+Dadhi+Dadimarasa+Thila= pana
3.Kasa, Swarabeda:- Grthabarjitas Patrakalka+ Sindava
Sushruta:-
1.Atisara:- Moolatwakchurna+madhu
Vagbata:-
1.Kasa:- Beejachurna+ Dugda+madhu
Sharangadhar:-
1.Raktatisara:-Moolakalka+Tilakalka+madhu+yavakshara
Bhavaprakash:-
1.Bhasmaka:- Beejachurna+jala

19. Useful Part:-
Moolatwak
Phala
Patra

20. Dosage:-
Moolakwath:- 50-100 ml
Beeja churna:- 3-6 gms

21. Special preparations:- Badarsava

22. Cotations:-
बदरम मदुरम स्निग्दम भेदिम वातपित्तस्ित
तत्सूक्ष्मम कफवातघ्िम पित्ते ि च पवरुद्यते
[ C. Su. 27 ]