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This document discusses antimicrobial stewardship and antibiotic resistance from the perspective of a research scientist, pharmacist, and program manager. It provides background on antibiotic discovery and resistance, defines antimicrobial stewardship, and notes that in Canada, the majority of antibiotic use is in the community. Data on antibiotic prescribing patterns in Saskatchewan and Regina show room for improvement. The document outlines online resources for antimicrobial stewardship programs and emphasizes that without changes, antibiotic resistance could result in over 10 million deaths per year globally.
The document provides specialty-wise pass percentage data of candidates who appeared for DNB final examinations from 2009-2010 obtained through Right to Information Act. The data is not maintained institute-wise. It shows the number of candidates who appeared and passed the DNB final theory and practical examinations each year along with the pass percentage for different specialties like anaesthesiology, cardiology and family medicine. The information may help candidates in selecting a specialty after selection in DNB entrance exam.
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BACKGROUND Infertility refers to an inability to conceive after having regular unprotected sex. Infertility can also refer to the biological inability of an individual to contribute to conception or to female who cannot carry a pregnancy to full term. Many more couples, however, experience involuntary childlessness for at least one year estimates range from 12 to 28 .Male infertility is responsible for 20–30 of infertility cases, while 20–35 is due to female infertility, and 25–40 is due to combined problems in both parts. In 10– 20 of cases, no cause is found. AIM The aim of the study is to find out the treatment outcome of the infertility. OBJECTIVES To assess the socio demographics variables of infertile women. To find out the causes of infertility among infertile women. To enlist the diagnostic procedure prescribed by obstetrician to infertile women. To analyses the outcome of the prescribed treatment for infertility. To find out association between causes of infertility and their treatment outcome. DELIMITATIONS sample size is infertile women who visited only People”˜s Hospital from 2015 2017.ASSUMPTIONS if causes of infertility diagnosed accurately treatment will be effective. Elder age women are more prone to develop infertility as compared to younger age women. METHODS AND MATERIAL RESEARCH APPROACH A Descriptive research approach was considered the best to assess the infertility treatment. RESEARCH DESIGN In the present study, the investigator selected the Non Experimental Retrospective Descriptive research design as most suitable for the study. SETTING OF THE STUDY In this study, setting refers to the area where the study is conducted. The present study was conducted in People”˜s Hospital Medical Record Department, Bhopal M.P. POPULATION In the present study, the target population in comprise of the infertile women of the Bhopal City. Accessible Population In this study, the assessable population is infertile women who had visited in People”˜s Hospital during 2015 2017. Sample In the present study records of infertile women who had visited in People”˜s Hospital during 2015 2017. Sample Size In the present study sample size is record of infertile women who had visited in People”˜s Hospital during 2015 2017. Sampling Technique Complete enumeration technique is used for this study. Inclusion Criteria Women who had attended IPD and OPD department of People”˜s Hospital during the last two year 2015 2017. Exclusion Criteria Women who had not attended IPD andOPD department of People”˜s Hospital during the last two year 2015 2017. Women who visited the People”˜s Hospital but didn”˜t continue the treatment. ETHICS CONSIDERATION The issues related to ethical consideration were discussed with institutional ethical committee IEC members of People”˜s college of nursing and research centre PCNandRC . a Ethics clearance certificate was obtained from the IEC Institutional Ethics Committee of PCN and RC Bhanpur, Bhopal. b Written permission was obtained
Il ruolo degli editori: criteri per valutare l'informazione scientifica di qu...GIDIF-RBM
Massimiliano Carloni, Strategic Business Manager, Thomson Reuters
Intervento al workshop GIDIF-RBM a Bibiostar 2016: "Disinformazione in rete fra scienza e divulgazione: il ruolo del bibliotecario biomedico". Una rassegna sulle fonti di informazione autorevole sulla medicina integrata.
Milano, Palazzo delle Stelline
18 marzo 2016
This document summarizes information about chlamydia control policies in Europe. It notes that in 2014, there were 396,128 reported chlamydia cases in Europe, most among 15-24 year olds. Control activities vary by country, from case management to opportunistic testing to organized screening programs. Chlamydia prevalence is estimated to be highest in Denmark, Netherlands, and UK. ECDC guidance recommends national control strategies including prevention, testing guidelines, surveillance, and monitoring. Main challenges to control include asymptomatic infections, participation barriers, limited implementation, and evidence gaps.
lesbian sexual health_ACON_Dec 2011_JulieMooneySomersjmooneysomers
This document summarizes research on sexual health behaviors and perceptions of sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk among lesbian, bisexual and queer (LBQ) women in Australia. Key findings include that LBQ women engage in diverse sexual practices and have higher STI diagnosis rates than exclusively heterosexual women. However, barrier methods like dental dams are rarely used during sex between women due to perceptions of low STI risk. The research highlights needs for tailored health promotion to improve screening and safer sex practices in this population.
Effectiveness of sedentary behaviour interventions on BMI reduction in childr...FusePhysicalActivityGroup
This meta-analysis reviewed 67 studies that evaluated the effectiveness of interventions targeting sedentary behavior at reducing BMI in children and adolescents. It found that such interventions resulted in a small but statistically significant reduction in BMI. Moderator analysis found that interventions were more effective at reducing BMI for younger children, interventions lasting longer than 6 months, and interventions conducted in educational settings. Risk of bias was low to unclear for most studies included.
This document discusses antimicrobial stewardship and antibiotic resistance from the perspective of a research scientist, pharmacist, and program manager. It provides background on antibiotic discovery and resistance, defines antimicrobial stewardship, and notes that in Canada, the majority of antibiotic use is in the community. Data on antibiotic prescribing patterns in Saskatchewan and Regina show room for improvement. The document outlines online resources for antimicrobial stewardship programs and emphasizes that without changes, antibiotic resistance could result in over 10 million deaths per year globally.
The document provides specialty-wise pass percentage data of candidates who appeared for DNB final examinations from 2009-2010 obtained through Right to Information Act. The data is not maintained institute-wise. It shows the number of candidates who appeared and passed the DNB final theory and practical examinations each year along with the pass percentage for different specialties like anaesthesiology, cardiology and family medicine. The information may help candidates in selecting a specialty after selection in DNB entrance exam.
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Il ruolo degli editori: criteri per valutare l'informazione scientifica di qu...GIDIF-RBM
Massimiliano Carloni, Strategic Business Manager, Thomson Reuters
Intervento al workshop GIDIF-RBM a Bibiostar 2016: "Disinformazione in rete fra scienza e divulgazione: il ruolo del bibliotecario biomedico". Una rassegna sulle fonti di informazione autorevole sulla medicina integrata.
Milano, Palazzo delle Stelline
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This document summarizes information about chlamydia control policies in Europe. It notes that in 2014, there were 396,128 reported chlamydia cases in Europe, most among 15-24 year olds. Control activities vary by country, from case management to opportunistic testing to organized screening programs. Chlamydia prevalence is estimated to be highest in Denmark, Netherlands, and UK. ECDC guidance recommends national control strategies including prevention, testing guidelines, surveillance, and monitoring. Main challenges to control include asymptomatic infections, participation barriers, limited implementation, and evidence gaps.
IPOS - Receipt of Psyccare-alex_j_mitchell_rotterdamAlex J Mitchell
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Clinical Quality Performance Indicators June 2018cfhcnc
The document outlines various clinical quality performance indicators and goals for a healthcare organization. It provides data on metrics related to prenatal care access, low birth weights, weight assessment for children, adult weight screening, tobacco cessation, cancer screenings, immunizations, chronic disease management, and behavioral health. Charts show the organization's performance compared to national benchmarks and goals over time.
Estimation of stones in gallbladder with FT-IR | JBES Journals @slideshareInnspub Net
This document summarizes a research study that analyzed 40 gallstone samples using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The key findings were:
1) Cholesterol gallstones were the most common type, comprising 70% of samples. Calcium carbonate and calcium bilirubinate stones made up 12.5% and 17.5%, respectively.
2) Gallstones were more prevalent in females (82.5% of samples) than males, and most common in patients aged 36-50 years old (21 of 40 samples).
3) FT-IR analysis identified characteristic absorption bands that confirmed the chemical composition of each stone type, consistent with previous literature. Cholesterol stones showed bands at 33
This study examined the psychiatric morbidity profile of 1,620 elderly people residing in Jaipur, India. The researchers found that over half (54.32%) of the elderly population had at least one psychiatric illness. Depression was the most common psychiatric problem, affecting 40.93% of participants. Other frequent issues included sleep disorders, anxiety, and psychosis. Females had significantly higher rates of depression, sleep disorders, psychosis, and phobias compared to males. The results suggest that the elderly population requires increased attention and support from policymakers to address their high burden of psychiatric illnesses.
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2) Major tapeworm infections discussed are neurocysticercosis caused by Taenia solium, coenurosis caused by Taenia multiceps, cysticercosis, echinococcosis, diphyllobothriasis, hymenolepiasis.
3) These infections remain prevalent in India, especially in communities where sanitation is poor and there is close contact between humans, livestock and dogs. Improved hygiene, meat inspection, and dog deworming are important for control
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The body of knowledge accumulated by gesture elicitation studies (GES), although useful, large, and extensive, is also heterogeneous, scattered in the scientific literature across different venues and fields of research, and difficult to generalize to other contexts of use represented by different gesture types, sensing devices, applications, and user categories. To address such aspects, we introduce RepliGES, a conceptual space that supports (1) replications of gesture elicitation studies to confirm, extend, and complete previous findings, (2) reuse of previously elicited gesture sets to enable new discoveries, and (3) extension and generalization of previous findings with new methods of analysis and for new user populations towards consolidated knowledge of user-defined gestures. Based on RepliGES, we introduce GEStory, an interactive design space and visual tool, to structure, visualize and identify user-defined gestures from a number of 216 published gesture elicitation studies
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This document summarizes clinical quality performance indicators for a healthcare organization. It includes goals and quarterly/annual metrics for over 20 preventative health, chronic disease management, and behavioral health indicators. The metrics track rates of access to care, health screenings, immunizations, treatment adherence, and health outcomes over time.
The document discusses interpreting semen analysis results and the implications of the 2010 WHO reference values. It summarizes the WHO reference values over time and how the 2010 values changed the parameters and reference populations. The new 2010 values result in many patients being reclassified and can impact referral for treatment, treatment recommendations, and eligibility for assisted reproduction. A comprehensive evaluation is necessary and semen analysis alone should not determine diagnosis or treatment.
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Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptxgoluk9330
Ahota Beel, nestled in Sootea Biswanath Assam , is celebrated for its extraordinary diversity of bird species. This wetland sanctuary supports a myriad of avian residents and migrants alike. Visitors can admire the elegant flights of migratory species such as the Northern Pintail and Eurasian Wigeon, alongside resident birds including the Asian Openbill and Pheasant-tailed Jacana. With its tranquil scenery and varied habitats, Ahota Beel offers a perfect haven for birdwatchers to appreciate and study the vibrant birdlife that thrives in this natural refuge.
PPT on Sustainable Land Management presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
Signatures of wave erosion in Titan’s coastsSérgio Sacani
The shorelines of Titan’s hydrocarbon seas trace flooded erosional landforms such as river valleys; however, it isunclear whether coastal erosion has subsequently altered these shorelines. Spacecraft observations and theo-retical models suggest that wind may cause waves to form on Titan’s seas, potentially driving coastal erosion,but the observational evidence of waves is indirect, and the processes affecting shoreline evolution on Titanremain unknown. No widely accepted framework exists for using shoreline morphology to quantitatively dis-cern coastal erosion mechanisms, even on Earth, where the dominant mechanisms are known. We combinelandscape evolution models with measurements of shoreline shape on Earth to characterize how differentcoastal erosion mechanisms affect shoreline morphology. Applying this framework to Titan, we find that theshorelines of Titan’s seas are most consistent with flooded landscapes that subsequently have been eroded bywaves, rather than a uniform erosional process or no coastal erosion, particularly if wave growth saturates atfetch lengths of tens of kilometers.
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
Mechanisms and Applications of Antiviral Neutralizing Antibodies - Creative B...Creative-Biolabs
Neutralizing antibodies, pivotal in immune defense, specifically bind and inhibit viral pathogens, thereby playing a crucial role in protecting against and mitigating infectious diseases. In this slide, we will introduce what antibodies and neutralizing antibodies are, the production and regulation of neutralizing antibodies, their mechanisms of action, classification and applications, as well as the challenges they face.
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...Sérgio Sacani
We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS
+
53.13485
−
27.82088
with a host spectroscopic redshift of
2.903
±
0.007
. The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SN Ia, SN 2023adsy is both fairly red (
�
(
�
−
�
)
∼
0.9
) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high Ca II velocity (
19
,
000
±
2
,
000
km/s) compared to the general population of SNe Ia. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNe Ia, particularly SN 2016hnk, SN 2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low-
�
Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low-
�
cosmological sample, we apply a fiducial standardization approach to SN 2023adsy and find that the SN 2023adsy luminosity distance measurement is in excellent agreement (
≲
1
�
) with
Λ
CDM. Therefore unlike low-
�
Ca-rich SNe Ia, SN 2023adsy is standardizable and gives no indication that SN Ia standardized luminosities change significantly with redshift. A larger sample of distant SNe Ia is required to determine if SN Ia population characteristics at high-
�
truly diverge from their low-
�
counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdfSelcen Ozturkcan
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole⋆Sérgio Sacani
Context. The early-type galaxy SDSS J133519.91+072807.4 (hereafter SDSS1335+0728), which had exhibited no prior optical variations during the preceding two decades, began showing significant nuclear variability in the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) alert stream from December 2019 (as ZTF19acnskyy). This variability behaviour, coupled with the host-galaxy properties, suggests that SDSS1335+0728 hosts a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole (BH) that is currently in the process of ‘turning on’. Aims. We present a multi-wavelength photometric analysis and spectroscopic follow-up performed with the aim of better understanding the origin of the nuclear variations detected in SDSS1335+0728. Methods. We used archival photometry (from WISE, 2MASS, SDSS, GALEX, eROSITA) and spectroscopic data (from SDSS and LAMOST) to study the state of SDSS1335+0728 prior to December 2019, and new observations from Swift, SOAR/Goodman, VLT/X-shooter, and Keck/LRIS taken after its turn-on to characterise its current state. We analysed the variability of SDSS1335+0728 in the X-ray/UV/optical/mid-infrared range, modelled its spectral energy distribution prior to and after December 2019, and studied the evolution of its UV/optical spectra. Results. From our multi-wavelength photometric analysis, we find that: (a) since 2021, the UV flux (from Swift/UVOT observations) is four times brighter than the flux reported by GALEX in 2004; (b) since June 2022, the mid-infrared flux has risen more than two times, and the W1−W2 WISE colour has become redder; and (c) since February 2024, the source has begun showing X-ray emission. From our spectroscopic follow-up, we see that (i) the narrow emission line ratios are now consistent with a more energetic ionising continuum; (ii) broad emission lines are not detected; and (iii) the [OIII] line increased its flux ∼ 3.6 years after the first ZTF alert, which implies a relatively compact narrow-line-emitting region. Conclusions. We conclude that the variations observed in SDSS1335+0728 could be either explained by a ∼ 106M⊙ AGN that is just turning on or by an exotic tidal disruption event (TDE). If the former is true, SDSS1335+0728 is one of the strongest cases of an AGNobserved in the process of activating. If the latter were found to be the case, it would correspond to the longest and faintest TDE ever observed (or another class of still unknown nuclear transient). Future observations of SDSS1335+0728 are crucial to further understand its behaviour. Key words. galaxies: active– accretion, accretion discs– galaxies: individual: SDSS J133519.91+072807.4
Bacterial causes of small ruminant abortion: A systematic review and meta-analysis
1. Bacterial Causes of Small Ruminant Abortion:
A systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Gezahegn Alemayehu, Gemechu Chala, Samson Leta, Gezahegne
Mamo and Barbara Wieland
ISVEE 15, Thailand, Nov. 12-16, 2018
2. Introduction
• Abortion in sheep and goat cause significant wastage and
financial losses worldwide, affect productivity (lambs/kids)
• Infectious agents are the most common causes
• Common bacterial causes
• Chlamydia abortus
• Brucella spp.
• Coxiella burnetii
• Campylobacter spp.
• Listeria spp.
• Leptospira spp.
Most causes are zoonotic,
thus are a public health risk,
with high risk of exposure for
farmers
3. Objective
Improve understanding of relative importance of
bacterial abortion causes
• To conduct a comprehensive literature search
• To preform systematic review and meta-analysis of
reports which identify bacterial agents from
abortion cases in small ruminants
4. Methodology
Literature search strategy
• Review protocol based on PRISMA guideline
• Search in PubMed and Google Scholar databases
• Keywords:(list of hazards) and (animal species) and (Abortion).
• Titles and abstracts were screened by two independent reviewers.
• Duplicates were identified and removed
5. Inclusion criteria
• Study conducted on small ruminants
• Samples collected from aborted ewes and doe (not sero-survey
in healthy population!)
• Observational studies
• Published in English and after 2000
• The presence of the following data
a. location (country) of study
b. type and number of sample examined
c. pathogen detection technique
d. type of pathogen identified and
e. number of positive samples for each pathogen in each
animal species
6. Data extraction
• Using data extraction template:
✓ first author
✓ year of publication
✓ year of study
✓ location(country)
✓ number positive
✓ number negative
✓ continent
✓ study design
✓ bacteria species
✓ animal species
✓ test method
✓ type of sample
✓ number of abortion cases
7. Data analysis
• Descriptive analysis
• Fitting a random effects model
• Meta-regression
• Inter-study heterogeneity –chi2 statistic (Cochrane’s Q-test)-
p-value.
• Degrees of heterogeneity among studies(I2), ranges from 0%
to 100%–
➢ 0% to 40%: might not be important;
➢ 30% to 60%: moderate heterogeneity
➢ 50% to 90%: may represent substantial heterogeneity
➢ 75% to 100%: considerable heterogeneity.
8. Results
Flow diagram of the selection of eligible studies
→ Resulted in 176 animal level reports, representing 33,066 animals
9. Publication year of the included studies
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
13. Proportion of SR abortion cases with bacterial causes
21.47
26.56
16.83
21.47
18.64
3.77
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
Number negative Number Positive Pooled Prevalence
14. Proportion of C. abortus in SR abortion cases
Overall (I^2 = 95.53%, p = 0.00)
Masala et al. (2005)
Bagdonas et al. (2007)
Abdelkadi et al. 2017
Oporto et al. (2006)
Hazlett et al. (2013)
Tavares Clemente et al. (2011)
Moeller (2001)
Navarro et al. (2015)
Kalender et al. (2013)
Navarro et al. (2015)
Navarro et al. (2015)
Szeredi et al. (2006)
Szeredi et al. (2006)
Szeredi et al. (2006)
Kalender et al. (2013)
Szeredi et al. (2006)
Benkirane et al. (2015)
Krkalić et al.( 2015)
Bagdonas et al. (2007)
Oh et al. (2017)
Krkalić et al.( 2015)
van den Brom et al. (2012)
Bagdonas et al. (2007)
Špičić et al.( 2015)
Masala et al. (2005)
Špičić et al.( 2015)
Hazlett et al. (2013)
Masala et al. (2007)
author
Hazlett et al. (2013)
Hireche et al.2015
Ababneh et al.( 2014)
Kalender et al. (2013)
Masala et al. (2005)
Ababneh et al.( 2014)
Spilovska et al. (2009)
Masala et al. (2005)
Ababneh et al.( 2014)
Navarro et al. (2015)
Ababneh et al.( 2014)
Špičić et al.( 2015)
Bagdonas et al. (2007)
Szeredi et al. (2006)
Bisias et al. (2009)
Špičić et al.( 2015)
Kreizinger et al. (2015)
Heidari et al.2017
Kreizinger et al. (2015)
Marsilio et al. (2005)
Heidari et al.2017
Kalender et al. (2013)
Bagdonas et al. (2007)
Szeredi et al. (2006)
Masala et al. (2007)
Hässig et al. (2003)
Kalender et al. (2013)
Bisias et al. (2009)
van den Brom et al. (2012)
Abd et al. (2011)
Hazlett et al. (2013)
Masala et al. (2007)
Abd et al. (2011)
Tavares Clemente et al. (2011)
Hireche et al.2015
Benkirane et al. (2015)
0.27 (0.21, 0.32)
0.05 (0.02, 0.10)
0.44 (0.19, 0.73)
0.31 (0.24, 0.38)
0.12 (0.08, 0.18)
0.86 (0.60, 0.96)
0.47 (0.35, 0.60)
0.14 (0.10, 0.20)
0.39 (0.22, 0.59)
0.09 (0.04, 0.19)
0.43 (0.26, 0.63)
0.63 (0.46, 0.77)
0.67 (0.30, 0.90)
0.39 (0.26, 0.55)
0.56 (0.46, 0.65)
0.06 (0.03, 0.12)
0.68 (0.55, 0.78)
0.15 (0.10, 0.23)
0.25 (0.09, 0.53)
0.58 (0.32, 0.81)
0.02 (0.00, 0.11)
0.92 (0.65, 0.99)
0.10 (0.07, 0.13)
0.67 (0.35, 0.88)
0.12 (0.06, 0.21)
0.02 (0.01, 0.04)
0.20 (0.13, 0.30)
0.21 (0.16, 0.28)
0.02 (0.01, 0.05)
ES (95% CI)
0.61 (0.39, 0.80)
0.60 (0.31, 0.83)
0.40 (0.20, 0.64)
0.14 (0.03, 0.51)
0.09 (0.02, 0.38)
0.50 (0.30, 0.70)
0.14 (0.11, 0.17)
0.00 (0.00, 0.06)
0.47 (0.25, 0.70)
0.60 (0.44, 0.74)
0.61 (0.46, 0.74)
0.29 (0.12, 0.55)
0.67 (0.55, 0.77)
0.17 (0.10, 0.27)
0.15 (0.11, 0.19)
1.00 (0.21, 1.00)
0.76 (0.55, 0.89)
0.08 (0.05, 0.13)
0.40 (0.12, 0.77)
0.05 (0.02, 0.11)
0.15 (0.10, 0.23)
0.06 (0.02, 0.15)
0.63 (0.31, 0.86)
0.46 (0.40, 0.52)
0.07 (0.03, 0.14)
0.15 (0.05, 0.36)
0.14 (0.03, 0.51)
0.21 (0.16, 0.28)
0.04 (0.03, 0.07)
0.06 (0.04, 0.08)
0.49 (0.40, 0.59)
0.13 (0.02, 0.47)
0.05 (0.03, 0.06)
0.48 (0.37, 0.60)
0.50 (0.22, 0.78)
0.27 (0.22, 0.34)
100.00
1.79
1.20
1.81
1.79
1.36
1.71
1.81
1.52
1.72
1.52
1.62
1.03
1.63
1.77
1.77
1.71
1.77
1.31
1.31
1.67
1.31
1.84
1.20
1.73
1.84
1.76
1.80
1.83
Weight
1.45
1.24
1.39
1.09
1.27
1.48
1.83
1.71
1.39
1.62
1.67
1.36
1.72
1.74
1.82
0.41
1.49
1.81
0.95
1.78
1.78
1.72
1.15
1.82
1.74
1.48
1.09
1.80
1.83
1.84
1.76
1.15
1.85
1.72
1.15
1.81
%
0.27 (0.21, 0.32)
0.05 (0.02, 0.10)
0.44 (0.19, 0.73)
0.31 (0.24, 0.38)
0.12 (0.08, 0.18)
0.86 (0.60, 0.96)
0.47 (0.35, 0.60)
0.14 (0.10, 0.20)
0.39 (0.22, 0.59)
0.09 (0.04, 0.19)
0.43 (0.26, 0.63)
0.63 (0.46, 0.77)
0.67 (0.30, 0.90)
0.39 (0.26, 0.55)
0.56 (0.46, 0.65)
0.06 (0.03, 0.12)
0.68 (0.55, 0.78)
0.15 (0.10, 0.23)
0.25 (0.09, 0.53)
0.58 (0.32, 0.81)
0.02 (0.00, 0.11)
0.92 (0.65, 0.99)
0.10 (0.07, 0.13)
0.67 (0.35, 0.88)
0.12 (0.06, 0.21)
0.02 (0.01, 0.04)
0.20 (0.13, 0.30)
0.21 (0.16, 0.28)
0.02 (0.01, 0.05)
ES (95% CI)
0.61 (0.39, 0.80)
0.60 (0.31, 0.83)
0.40 (0.20, 0.64)
0.14 (0.03, 0.51)
0.09 (0.02, 0.38)
0.50 (0.30, 0.70)
0.14 (0.11, 0.17)
0.00 (0.00, 0.06)
0.47 (0.25, 0.70)
0.60 (0.44, 0.74)
0.61 (0.46, 0.74)
0.29 (0.12, 0.55)
0.67 (0.55, 0.77)
0.17 (0.10, 0.27)
0.15 (0.11, 0.19)
1.00 (0.21, 1.00)
0.76 (0.55, 0.89)
0.08 (0.05, 0.13)
0.40 (0.12, 0.77)
0.05 (0.02, 0.11)
0.15 (0.10, 0.23)
0.06 (0.02, 0.15)
0.63 (0.31, 0.86)
0.46 (0.40, 0.52)
0.07 (0.03, 0.14)
0.15 (0.05, 0.36)
0.14 (0.03, 0.51)
0.21 (0.16, 0.28)
0.04 (0.03, 0.07)
0.06 (0.04, 0.08)
0.49 (0.40, 0.59)
0.13 (0.02, 0.47)
0.05 (0.03, 0.06)
0.48 (0.37, 0.60)
0.50 (0.22, 0.78)
0.27 (0.22, 0.34)
100.00
1.79
1.20
1.81
1.79
1.36
1.71
1.81
1.52
1.72
1.52
1.62
1.03
1.63
1.77
1.77
1.71
1.77
1.31
1.31
1.67
1.31
1.84
1.20
1.73
1.84
1.76
1.80
1.83
Weight
1.45
1.24
1.39
1.09
1.27
1.48
1.83
1.71
1.39
1.62
1.67
1.36
1.72
1.74
1.82
0.41
1.49
1.81
0.95
1.78
1.78
1.72
1.15
1.82
1.74
1.48
1.09
1.80
1.83
1.84
1.76
1.15
1.85
1.72
1.15
1.81
%
-.5 0 .5 1
Forest plot on proportion
of C. abortus in aborted
small ruminants
Chi2,P = 0.00
Degrees of heterogeneity (I2)=
95.53%
15. Role of animal species, continent, sample type and
diagnostic test:
• No significant difference between sheep and goat
• Differences between continents: range from 14.51%
(Asia) to 42.29% (North America), P=0.54
• Most positives were detected in placenta samples
(p=0.04)
• Highest proportion of positives with CFT
C. abortus
16. Proportion of C. burnetii in SR abortion case
Overall (I^2 = 96.68%, p = 0.00)
Navarro et al. (2015)
Abdelkadi et al. 2017
Vaidya et al. (2010)
Masala et al. (2004)
Vaidya et al. (2010)
Jones et al. (2013)
Jones et al. (2013)
Vaidya et al. (2010)
Masala et al. (2007)
Benkirane et al. (2015)
Filioussis et al.2017
Vaidya et al. (2010)
Bisias et al. (2009)
Oporto et al. (2006)
Hazlett et al. (2013)
Abiri et al. (2016)
Pritchard et al. (2014)
Masala et al. (2004)
Navarro et al. (2015)
Hazlett et al. (2013)
Rousset et al. (2007)
Hazlett et al. (2013)
Vaidya et al. (2010)
Kreizinger et al. (2015)
Oh et al. (2017)
Oh et al. (2017)
Kreizinger et al. (2015)
Vaidya et al. (2010)
Szeredi et al. (2006)
Heidari et al.2017
Vaidya et al. (2010)
Masala et al. (2004)
van den Brom et al. (2012)
Abiri et al. (2016)
Szeredi et al. (2006)
Navarro et al. (2015)
Jones et al. (2013)
van den Brom et al. (2012)
Kreizinger et al. (2015)
Navarro et al. (2015)
Vaidya et al. (2010)
Vaidya et al. (2010)
Benkirane et al. (2015)
Heidari et al.2017
Masala et al. (2007)
Asadi et al. (2013)
Masala et al. (2004)
Vaidya et al. (2010)
Hazlett et al. (2013)
Masala et al. (2004)
Abdel-Moein and Hamza (2017)
Vaidya et al. (2010)
Abdel-Moein and Hamza (2017)
Vaidya et al. (2010)
Filioussis et al.2017
Moeller (2001)
Masala et al. (2004)
Kreizinger et al. (2015)
Asadi et al. (2013)
Oporto et al. (2006)
Bisias et al. (2009)
author
16.83 (13.12, 20.87)
17.39 (4.95, 38.78)
27.78 (21.37, 34.93)
11.63 (3.89, 25.08)
16.67 (2.09, 48.41)
5.88 (0.15, 28.69)
60.00 (14.66, 94.73)
57.14 (18.41, 90.10)
11.11 (2.35, 29.16)
10.96 (7.62, 15.12)
27.36 (19.15, 36.87)
8.00 (6.22, 10.10)
2.78 (0.07, 14.53)
63.22 (55.59, 70.39)
2.70 (0.74, 6.78)
74.19 (55.39, 88.14)
17.39 (10.28, 26.70)
11.11 (0.28, 48.25)
10.75 (7.79, 14.35)
11.43 (3.20, 26.74)
66.67 (59.14, 73.62)
88.00 (75.69, 95.47)
66.67 (50.45, 80.43)
4.65 (0.57, 15.81)
20.00 (0.51, 71.64)
42.55 (28.26, 57.82)
76.60 (61.97, 87.70)
0.00 (0.00, 52.18)
0.00 (0.00, 6.72)
1.33 (0.03, 7.21)
2.73 (0.89, 6.26)
5.66 (1.18, 15.66)
12.58 (11.20, 14.05)
8.61 (5.93, 12.00)
0.00 (0.00, 84.19)
2.03 (0.66, 4.68)
13.04 (2.78, 33.59)
93.33 (68.05, 99.83)
1.78 (0.82, 3.35)
47.62 (25.71, 70.22)
11.43 (3.20, 26.74)
9.30 (2.59, 22.14)
7.55 (2.09, 18.21)
15.35 (10.67, 21.07)
0.85 (0.02, 4.67)
9.21 (3.78, 18.06)
19.55 (17.24, 22.01)
6.00 (1.25, 16.55)
10.71 (2.27, 28.23)
70.00 (60.02, 78.76)
10.84 (5.08, 19.59)
3.45 (0.09, 17.76)
1.89 (0.05, 10.07)
3.45 (0.09, 17.76)
2.33 (0.06, 12.29)
14.38 (12.02, 17.00)
9.00 (5.51, 13.70)
9.06 (8.41, 9.75)
14.29 (3.05, 36.34)
27.22 (20.87, 34.34)
2.70 (0.74, 6.78)
48.79 (42.89, 54.71)
ES (95% CI)
16.83 (13.12, 20.87)
17.39 (4.95, 38.78)
27.78 (21.37, 34.93)
11.63 (3.89, 25.08)
16.67 (2.09, 48.41)
5.88 (0.15, 28.69)
60.00 (14.66, 94.73)
57.14 (18.41, 90.10)
11.11 (2.35, 29.16)
10.96 (7.62, 15.12)
27.36 (19.15, 36.87)
8.00 (6.22, 10.10)
2.78 (0.07, 14.53)
63.22 (55.59, 70.39)
2.70 (0.74, 6.78)
74.19 (55.39, 88.14)
17.39 (10.28, 26.70)
11.11 (0.28, 48.25)
10.75 (7.79, 14.35)
11.43 (3.20, 26.74)
66.67 (59.14, 73.62)
88.00 (75.69, 95.47)
66.67 (50.45, 80.43)
4.65 (0.57, 15.81)
20.00 (0.51, 71.64)
42.55 (28.26, 57.82)
76.60 (61.97, 87.70)
0.00 (0.00, 52.18)
0.00 (0.00, 6.72)
1.33 (0.03, 7.21)
2.73 (0.89, 6.26)
5.66 (1.18, 15.66)
12.58 (11.20, 14.05)
8.61 (5.93, 12.00)
0.00 (0.00, 84.19)
2.03 (0.66, 4.68)
13.04 (2.78, 33.59)
93.33 (68.05, 99.83)
1.78 (0.82, 3.35)
47.62 (25.71, 70.22)
11.43 (3.20, 26.74)
9.30 (2.59, 22.14)
7.55 (2.09, 18.21)
15.35 (10.67, 21.07)
0.85 (0.02, 4.67)
9.21 (3.78, 18.06)
19.55 (17.24, 22.01)
6.00 (1.25, 16.55)
10.71 (2.27, 28.23)
70.00 (60.02, 78.76)
10.84 (5.08, 19.59)
3.45 (0.09, 17.76)
1.89 (0.05, 10.07)
3.45 (0.09, 17.76)
2.33 (0.06, 12.29)
14.38 (12.02, 17.00)
9.00 (5.51, 13.70)
9.06 (8.41, 9.75)
14.29 (3.05, 36.34)
27.22 (20.87, 34.34)
2.70 (0.74, 6.78)
48.79 (42.89, 54.71)
ES (95% CI)
-50 0 50 100 150
Proportion
Chi2, P = 0.00
I2 = 96.68%
Forest plot of proportion
of C. burnetii in aborted
small ruminants
17. C. burnetii
Role of animal species, continent, sample type and
diagnostic test:
➢ Higher proportion was detected from goat(22.22%)
than sheep(13.10%), p=0.08
➢ Differences between continents: range from 9.93% (Asia
to 55.91%(North America), p=0.00
➢ Most positives was detected in feta fluid samples
(p=0.46).
➢ Highest proportion of positives with ElISA(P=0.24)
18. Proportion of Brucella spp. in SR abortion case
Overall (I^2 = 95.35%, p = 0.00)
Wareth et al. (2015)
Bisias et al. (2009)
Szeredi et al. (2006)
Wareth et al. (2015)
Bisias et al. (2009)
Ilhan and Yener (2008)
Moeller (2001)
Wareth et al. (2015)
Wareth et al. (2015)
Ocholi et al. (2005)
Wareth et al. (2015)
Oh et al. (2017)
Wareth et al. (2015)
Szeredi et al. (2006)
Benkirane et al. (2015)
Ocholi et al. (2005)
Benkirane et al. (2015)
Wareth et al. (2015)
İlhan et al. 2007
author
Wareth et al. (2015)
İlhan et al. 2007
Assadullah Samadi et al. (2010)
Ocholi et al. (2005)
Celebi and Atabay (2009)
Assadullah Samadi et al. (2010)
Celebi and Atabay (2009)
Celebi and Atabay (2009)
Celebi and Atabay (2009)
21.47 (13.28, 30.64)
33.33 (7.49, 70.07)
15.22 (11.29, 19.89)
0.00 (0.00, 9.25)
33.33 (7.49, 70.07)
22.41 (16.45, 29.34)
30.00 (21.63, 39.48)
0.00 (0.00, 1.73)
100.00 (2.50, 100.00)
100.00 (66.37, 100.00)
14.29 (4.03, 32.67)
33.33 (7.49, 70.07)
0.00 (0.00, 7.55)
100.00 (2.50, 100.00)
0.00 (0.00, 3.48)
13.21 (7.41, 21.17)
100.00 (47.82, 100.00)
13.37 (9.00, 18.85)
100.00 (2.50, 100.00)
18.52 (12.36, 26.11)
ES (95% CI)
100.00 (2.50, 100.00)
21.48 (14.88, 29.37)
34.57 (24.34, 45.96)
14.29 (4.03, 32.67)
36.75 (32.01, 41.68)
48.11 (38.30, 58.03)
33.75 (29.13, 38.62)
35.50 (30.81, 40.41)
34.75 (30.09, 39.64)
21.47 (13.28, 30.64)
33.33 (7.49, 70.07)
15.22 (11.29, 19.89)
0.00 (0.00, 9.25)
33.33 (7.49, 70.07)
22.41 (16.45, 29.34)
30.00 (21.63, 39.48)
0.00 (0.00, 1.73)
100.00 (2.50, 100.00)
100.00 (66.37, 100.00)
14.29 (4.03, 32.67)
33.33 (7.49, 70.07)
0.00 (0.00, 7.55)
100.00 (2.50, 100.00)
0.00 (0.00, 3.48)
13.21 (7.41, 21.17)
100.00 (47.82, 100.00)
13.37 (9.00, 18.85)
100.00 (2.50, 100.00)
18.52 (12.36, 26.11)
ES (95% CI)
100.00 (2.50, 100.00)
21.48 (14.88, 29.37)
34.57 (24.34, 45.96)
14.29 (4.03, 32.67)
36.75 (32.01, 41.68)
48.11 (38.30, 58.03)
33.75 (29.13, 38.62)
35.50 (30.81, 40.41)
34.75 (30.09, 39.64)
-50 0 50 100 150
Proportion
Q- Chi2, P = 0.00
I2 = 95.35%
T2= 0.17
Forest plot on proportion
of Brucella spp. in aborted
small ruminant
19. Brucella spp.
Role of animal species, continent, sample type and
diagnostic test:
➢ Higher proportion was detected from
sheep(23.48%), than goat (17.33%)p=0.063
➢ Differences between continents: range from 0.0
(North America) to 39.84(Africa), p=0.00
➢ Most positives detected in milk samples (p=0.1).
➢ Highest proportion of positives with PCR (P=0.01)
20. Conclusions
• Similar causes across continents, but with different importance
and roles they play
• No or limited data found on socio-economic impact caused by
these agents
• Overall few studies, especially for LMICs, even though
reproductive performance in these countries is lower
• Surveillance and routine diagnostic data not widely accessible,
and thus not included in the review
• Further research needed on the role of major pathogens that
cause abortion in small ruminants
21. This presentation is licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence.
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better lives through livestock
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