The document discusses characteristics and morphology of various types of Bacilli. It describes 7 common Bacilli - Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus coagulans, Escherichia coli, and Haemophilus influenzae. For each one, it provides details on where they are found, optimal growth temperatures, presence of toxins or virulence factors, cell structure, staining, and whether they are aerobic or endospore-forming.

2. Members of the Group
Menchie Bagos Allyza Jean Diaz Jan Lenard Salvador
Wahren Beltran Ma. Patricia Sanchez Jhonaline Doria

3. Characteristics of Bacilli
- rod-shaped
- first called Bacterium by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg, but later called
as Bacillus
- have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan
- Gram positive bacteria have thicker cell wall; gram negative have
thinner
- Gram positive bacteria may turn into gram negative with age
- can be obligate aerobes (oxygen dependent) or facultatively anaerobic
(oxygen independent)
- have 16S ribosome diversity
- endospore-forming

4. Characteristics of Bacilli
- their physiologic abilities allow them to live in any natural
environment
- only one endospore is formed per cell
- spores are resistant to cold, heat , radiation, desiccation and
disinfectants
- widely found in soil and water
- mostly occur in chains
- both free-living (non-parasitic) and parasitic pathogenic species

5. Arrangement of Bacilli
Examples:
Single Rod: Bacillus cereus
Diplobacilli: Coxiella burnetii, Moraxella bovis, Klebsiella
rhinoscleromatis, etc.
Diplobacilli - Most bacilli appear as single rods.
Diplobacilli appear in pairs after division.

6. Streptobacilli
The bacilli are arranged in chains, as the cells
divide in one plane.
Examples: Streptobacillus moniliformis
Arrangement of Bacilli

7. Coccobacilli
These are so short and stumpy that they appear ovoid.
They look like coccus and bacillus.
Examples: Haemophilus influenzae, Gardnerella
vaginalis, and Chlamydia trachomatis
Arrangement of Bacilli

8. Palisades
The bacilli bend at the points of division following the
cell divisions, resulting in a palisade arrangement
resembling a picket fence and angular patterns that
look like Chinese letters.
Example: Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Arrangement of Bacilli

9. Metabolism
All Bacillus spp. metabolize organic substrates,
such as amino acids, organic acids, and
sugars, by aerobic respiration, anaerobic
respiration, or fermentation, depending on
species and environment.

11. - causes anthrax that affects humans and animals
Humans contract the disease in three different ways:
1. Cutaneous anthrax
2. Gastrointestinal anthrax
3. Pulmonary anthrax
1. Bacillus anthracis

12. - Food poisoning (acute diarrhea with vomiting; often
associated with cooked foods held at a warm
temperature for a long time)
2. Bacillus cereus

13. - Infections attributed to Bacillus subtilis include
bacteremia, endocarditis, pneumonia, and septicemia.
3. Bacillus subtilis

14. - produces a toxin that causes diseases in insects
4. Bacillus thuringiensis

15. - Foodborne illness produces fever, muscle aches, and, in
many people, diarrhea. Severe infections can cause
headaches, meningitis, convulsions, and death.
5. Listeria monocytogenes

16. - most frequent causes of many common bacterial
infections, including cholecystitis, bacteremia, cholangitis,
urinary tract infection (UTI), and traveler's diarrhea, and
other clinical infections such as neonatal meningitis and
pneumonia.
6. Escherichia coli

17. - H. influenzae most often cause pneumonia but can
also cause severe illnesses like meningitis and
bloodstream infections.
7. Haemophilus influenzae

18. Common types of Bacilli
1
3
4
2
5
Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus cereus
Bacillus thuringiensis
Bacillus coagulans
1
2
3
4
5

19. Bacillus anthracis
Characteristics
• Found in the soil, water, and vegetation and infects cows, sheep, and horses
• It grows optimally at 36° C
• Colonies may appear 15 to 24 hours after the inoculation of sheep blood agar
• Virulence factors
- Poly - D Glutammate capsule
- Spores- Dipicolinic acid
• Toxin
- Anthrax toxin- two components
- Lethal factor- cleaves MAPK, zinc, metalloproteinase.
Leads to apoptosis.
- Edema factor- Adenylyl cyclase, inactive cells especially
macrophages
- can be carried by animals

20. • Spore forming
- (forms) Central/ Subterminal
- (shape of pores) Elliptical/ Oval
• Aerobic
• Non - motile
• Non - acid fast
• Found in single, in pairs, or in short chains
Bacillus anthracis
Morphology

21. Bacillus subtilis
Characteristics
• Found in soil and the gastrointestinal tract of
ruminants and humans.
• Growth best at 37 °C
• Contain forespore membranes
• Have an inner and outer coat membrane
• Heterotrophic.
• Form’s endospores.
• Facultative anaerobe.

22. Bacillus subtilis
Morphology
• Rod-shaped bacterium that forms small
clumps or chains, stays by itself.
• Stain: Pink or Purple
• Has a single circular chromosome that is
located in the nucleoid region of the
cytoplasm.
• acid-fast negative

23. Bacillus cereus
Characteristics
• Found in soil, on vegetables, and in many raw and processed
foods.
• Grows in a range of 10 to 50 °C
• Beta hemolytic
• Two toxins
- Emetic Toxin
- Diarrheal Toxin
• Motile, Non capsulated
• B. Cereus does produce the enzyme Gelatinase.

24. Bacillus cereus
Morphology
• Rod-shaped bacilli with square end
• Rods arranged in singles or pairs (cars)
• Spores are visible creating a clear area
• Obligate aerobe
• Spore forming
• produce toxins, causing two types of
gastrointestinal illness: the emetic (vomiting)
syndrome and the diarrhoeal syndrome.

25. Bacillus thuringiensis
Characteristics
• Contains genes for several protein toxic to insects
• Entomopathogenic
• Found usually in soil, grain dusts, dead insects
and water
• 30°C is the proper incubation temperature
• Found in soil, water, plants, stored cereals and
dead insects.
• Use as a biopesticide against insects and
especially lepidopteran larvae also.

26. Bacillus thuringiensis
• Rod shaped
• Spore-forming
• Aerobic bacterium
• Thick cell wall that is comprised of
Peptidoglycan (amino acid polypeptide and sugar)
• found between the cell wall and plasma
membrane.
Morphology

27. Bacillus coagulans
Characteristics
• Found naturally in your intestines
• Grows optimally at 37°C
• Probiotic bacteria
• Marketed as Lactobacillus sporogenes or a
'sporeforming lactic acid bacterium' probiotic
• Nonpathogenic / non toxicogenic
• Produces lactic acid and is often misclassified as
lactobacillus.
• Relief from bloating or digestive discomfort

28. Bacillus coagulans
Morphology
• Facultative anaerobic
• Endospore-forming
• Can survive in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
• Found in fermented foods such as sauerkraut, kimchi,
and yogurt.
• It produces lactic acid, but isn't the same thing as
Lactobacillus
• This is unlike Lactobacillus and many other probiotics.

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