Dr. B.A. Khoo provides tips for ensuring a baby's health and development. The top priorities are a healthy mother and pregnancy, a healthy baby, and a happy family. A baby's growth depends on good nutrition, a safe environment, safe sleeping, early education, and a loving family. Breastfeeding is emphasized as the best form of nutrition for a baby's physical, mental, immune, and gut health. Parents should monitor their baby's development milestones and provide stimulation to support gross motor, fine motor, language, and social/behavioral skills. Any concerns about delays should prompt discussion with a pediatrician.
The document discusses growth and development in children. It defines growth as a quantitative increase in body size through cell multiplication, while development is the qualitative functional and physiological maturation of an individual. The principles of growth include cephalocaudal development from head to tail, proximodistal development from center to extremities, and general to specific development from broad abilities to fine motor skills. Factors that influence development are genetic, prenatal such as maternal health, and postnatal including nutrition, environment and socioeconomic status. The document outlines assessments of physical growth parameters and developmental milestones.
School age lecture ppp summer 2012 new textJHU Nursing
1) The school age child spans ages 6-12 years, with continued growth and maturation of body systems. Growth slows but continues steadily at about 2.5 inches and 7 pounds gained per year.
2) This is a time of cognitive development according to Piaget, and psychosocial development as described by Erikson, where children develop a sense of competence and industry. Moral development occurs as well.
3) Health risks include obesity, which prevention strategies target through nutrition education, physical activity promotion, and environmental changes. Nursing care focuses on developmentally appropriate anticipatory guidance.
This document discusses child development from birth through adolescence. It covers the major areas of development - gross motor, fine motor, language, social/emotional - and provides typical milestones for various age groups like sitting up alone by 6 months and walking by 12-15 months. The document also mentions tools for assessing development like the Denver Developmental Screening Test and discusses prolonged development during school age and the biological, psychological, and social changes of adolescence.
The document provides information on growth and development in children from infancy through adolescence. It defines growth and development, outlines the stages and domains of development, and normal developmental milestones. Key points include defining growth versus development, identifying factors that influence development, describing normal growth parameters and developmental milestones, and signs of potential developmental delays.
Growth and development proceed in regular patterns from head to toes and center of body outward. Physical growth is measured by height, weight, and head circumference, while development refers to increased skills and functions. Growth and development are influenced by prenatal factors like maternal health and fetal positioning, as well as postnatal environment including nutrition, socioeconomics, and family structure. Development occurs through distinct stages from infancy to adolescence characterized by physical, cognitive, and social-behavioral milestones. Delays in meeting milestones may indicate developmental issues.
1. Growth and development refers to the changes that occur during an individual's lifecycle from conception to death. It encompasses physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes.
2. Studying growth and development allows one to understand typical behaviors and abilities at different ages, assess developmental norms, identify potential problems, and provide comprehensive care for children.
3. The main stages of growth and development are prenatal, infancy, early childhood, middle childhood, and late childhood/adolescence. Rapid physical and cognitive development occurs during infancy from birth to 12 months.
Growth and Development with congenital anomalies [Lesson Plan] - Juhin JJuhin J
1. The document describes an experimental study to evaluate the effectiveness of a learning module on knowledge of growth and development among third-year BSc nursing students in India.
2. It provides objectives for the study including defining different life stages and explaining growth and development of newborns, infants, toddlers, preschoolers, school-aged children and adolescents.
3. It also lists objectives related to explaining common congenital, gastrointestinal, respiratory, blood and other disorders.
In Paediatrics, Growth and Development are very important. Growth is the assessment of child's nutritional status. This lecture is the backbone of Paediatrics.
The document discusses growth and development in children. It defines growth as a quantitative increase in body size through cell multiplication, while development is the qualitative functional and physiological maturation of an individual. The principles of growth include cephalocaudal development from head to tail, proximodistal development from center to extremities, and general to specific development from broad abilities to fine motor skills. Factors that influence development are genetic, prenatal such as maternal health, and postnatal including nutrition, environment and socioeconomic status. The document outlines assessments of physical growth parameters and developmental milestones.
School age lecture ppp summer 2012 new textJHU Nursing
1) The school age child spans ages 6-12 years, with continued growth and maturation of body systems. Growth slows but continues steadily at about 2.5 inches and 7 pounds gained per year.
2) This is a time of cognitive development according to Piaget, and psychosocial development as described by Erikson, where children develop a sense of competence and industry. Moral development occurs as well.
3) Health risks include obesity, which prevention strategies target through nutrition education, physical activity promotion, and environmental changes. Nursing care focuses on developmentally appropriate anticipatory guidance.
This document discusses child development from birth through adolescence. It covers the major areas of development - gross motor, fine motor, language, social/emotional - and provides typical milestones for various age groups like sitting up alone by 6 months and walking by 12-15 months. The document also mentions tools for assessing development like the Denver Developmental Screening Test and discusses prolonged development during school age and the biological, psychological, and social changes of adolescence.
The document provides information on growth and development in children from infancy through adolescence. It defines growth and development, outlines the stages and domains of development, and normal developmental milestones. Key points include defining growth versus development, identifying factors that influence development, describing normal growth parameters and developmental milestones, and signs of potential developmental delays.
Growth and development proceed in regular patterns from head to toes and center of body outward. Physical growth is measured by height, weight, and head circumference, while development refers to increased skills and functions. Growth and development are influenced by prenatal factors like maternal health and fetal positioning, as well as postnatal environment including nutrition, socioeconomics, and family structure. Development occurs through distinct stages from infancy to adolescence characterized by physical, cognitive, and social-behavioral milestones. Delays in meeting milestones may indicate developmental issues.
1. Growth and development refers to the changes that occur during an individual's lifecycle from conception to death. It encompasses physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes.
2. Studying growth and development allows one to understand typical behaviors and abilities at different ages, assess developmental norms, identify potential problems, and provide comprehensive care for children.
3. The main stages of growth and development are prenatal, infancy, early childhood, middle childhood, and late childhood/adolescence. Rapid physical and cognitive development occurs during infancy from birth to 12 months.
Growth and Development with congenital anomalies [Lesson Plan] - Juhin JJuhin J
1. The document describes an experimental study to evaluate the effectiveness of a learning module on knowledge of growth and development among third-year BSc nursing students in India.
2. It provides objectives for the study including defining different life stages and explaining growth and development of newborns, infants, toddlers, preschoolers, school-aged children and adolescents.
3. It also lists objectives related to explaining common congenital, gastrointestinal, respiratory, blood and other disorders.
In Paediatrics, Growth and Development are very important. Growth is the assessment of child's nutritional status. This lecture is the backbone of Paediatrics.
Birth and physical development during the first 3 yearsCarlos F Martinez
This document provides an overview of birth and physical development during the first three years. It discusses the childbirth process and complications that can occur. It also covers early physical development including brain development, nutrition, sensory and perceptual development, and motor skills development. Gross motor skills rapidly improve in the first year while fine motor skills take longer to develop. Overall the document provides a comprehensive overview of physical changes and milestones from birth to age three.
Growth & development nurs 3340 spring 2017Shepard Joy
Growth and development principles, theories, and concepts are essential for nursing care of children. Principles include growth occurring at different rates in different parts of the body. Major theories discussed are Freud's psychosexual theory focusing on psychosexual development, Erikson's psychosocial theory addressing psychosocial tasks, Piaget's cognitive development theory outlining stages of cognitive growth, and Kohlberg's moral development theory. Nursing interventions should be based on understanding of children's developmental needs and abilities at different ages and stages.
Unit 03 growth and development during childhood and adolescence-iiDARSGHAH
Unit 03 growth and development during childhood and adolescence-ii Course code 0840 Educational psychology from ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD.
prepared by Ms. SAMAN BIBI & Mariam Rafique
This document summarizes growth and development in toddlers between 1 to 3 years of age. It discusses physical growth including height, weight, head circumference and motor development milestones. Sensory development of vision, hearing, taste and touch are also outlined. The document provides immunization schedules and recommendations on injury prevention and nutrition for toddlers.
Health promotion of the infant & toddlerShepard Joy
This document provides information on health promotion for infants and toddlers. It covers several key areas:
1) Developmental milestones, the importance of play, nutrition needs, common health concerns, communication skills, and anticipatory guidance.
2) Common nursing diagnoses for infants and toddlers related to knowledge, parenting skills, immunization status, family coping, and various risks.
3) A review of normal developmental age groups from neonate to preschooler, focusing on growth, motor skills, cognition, language, and psychosocial development.
This document discusses principles of hygiene and health protection for children and adolescents. It outlines several key laws of growth and development, including unevenness of growth, gender differences, environmental and genetic influences, and sensitive periods. Physical development indicators and criteria for evaluating biological age are provided. The document also establishes health groups based on presence of diseases and functional status to determine needed medical supervision.
Physical and psycho motor development of children of different age groupsAjaindu Shrivastava
This document discusses physical and psycho-motor development in children of different age groups. It covers indicators of physical development from birth through adolescence, including average measurements for body mass, length, head circumference, and chest circumference. Objective laws for how these measurements normally increase with age are provided. Methods for assessing physical development, including oriented calculations and anthropometric standards, are explained. Common causes of disturbances to physical development are also outlined.
This document discusses the benefits of breast milk and breastfeeding for infants in the NICU. It begins by outlining the objectives of increasing awareness of the importance of breast milk for preterm infants in the NICU and educating about its benefits. It then covers several key areas in less than 3 sentences each: the positive impact of breast milk on the gastrointestinal tract, lipid and fatty acid composition, anti-microbial components, short and long-term health benefits, limitations for preterm infants, and methods for fortification to meet their nutritional needs.
This document discusses growth and development from conception to death. It defines growth as an increase in physical size while development refers to qualitative changes in functioning. Several theories of development are outlined, including Freud's psychosexual stages, Piaget's cognitive development stages, and Erikson's psychosocial development stages. Growth and development are influenced by genetic and environmental factors and occur through predictable stages across the lifespan.
This document discusses infant feeding practices and breastfeeding. It begins with definitions of different infant feeding categories like exclusive breastfeeding, predominant breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and bottle feeding. It then covers principles of breastfeeding like initiating breastfeeding within 30 minutes of birth and exclusively breastfeeding for the first 6 months. The advantages of breastfeeding for both babies and mothers are provided. National breastfeeding practices and initiatives like the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) are also summarized.
Normal Development in Children is a very important chapter in Paediatrics subject curriculum. It is one of the diagnostic criteria for early detection of developmental deviation in children.
Physical growth is an increase in size. Development is growth in function and capability. Both processes highly depend on genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors. As children develop physiologically and emotionally, it is useful to define certain age-based groups.
Antenatal Breast feeding counseling - Mrs. RajeswariRajeswari1975
This document outlines an interventional study being conducted by departments at MGMCRI and KGNC to evaluate the effectiveness of structured antenatal and postnatal counseling in promoting exclusive breastfeeding. The study aims to recruit 150 primiparous mothers in their early second trimester who will receive counseling during pregnancy and after delivery. The study will assess breast problems reported during pregnancy, time to initiate breastfeeding, duration of exclusive breastfeeding, and reasons for cessation of exclusive breastfeeding. Data will be analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and chi-square tests to evaluate the impact of the counseling intervention on breastfeeding outcomes.
Describes the growth and development in toddlerhood in the various domains - Physical, psychosocial, cognitive, psychosexual, spiritual and moral.Also discusses the special health concerns in toddlerhood.
This document provides an overview of typical developmental milestones in four domains: gross motor, fine motor/vision, hearing/speech/language, and social/emotional/behavior. For each domain, it lists the skills that children typically acquire at various ages from birth through 5 years old. It also briefly discusses causes of developmental delay that can occur before, during, or after birth, such as infections, genetic conditions, brain abnormalities, and environmental factors. The document emphasizes that growth and development progress in parallel as children gain qualitative and quantitative skills through interacting with their social environment.
This document discusses breastfeeding and lactation. It covers topics like the benefits of breastfeeding for baby and mother, breast anatomy, milk production, proper latching techniques, common challenges and how to address them, expressing and storing breastmilk, recommended feeding schedules and more. Visuals and examples are provided to demonstrate proper positioning and latch. The overall message is that breastfeeding is natural but doesn't always come naturally, so knowledge, practice and patience are important.
Health promotion of the infant & toddler fall 2017Shepard Joy
This document provides information on health promotion for infants and toddlers. It outlines several objectives related to child development, nutrition, health concerns, communication, and anticipatory guidance. Nursing diagnoses that may be relevant for this age group are also listed. The document then reviews normal infant development by age group and describes common infant reflexes. It provides information on assessing growth, body systems, motor skills, language, vision, hearing, psychosocial development, sleep, and crib safety for infants.
Introduction to Pediatric, Growth and DevelopmentVipin Vageriya
The document discusses pediatric nursing and child growth and development. It begins by defining pediatric nursing as the branch of medicine dealing with the care of children from conception to adolescence. It then discusses the stages of child growth and development from infancy to adolescence. Finally, it summarizes the key aspects of growth, including that it follows a head-to-toe and inward-outward pattern, and is influenced by both nature and nurture.
Physical development of infants and toddlerhoodNaomi Gimena
The document discusses physical development in infants and toddlers. It covers topics like cephalocaudal and proximodistal growth, height and weight changes, brain development including myelination, motor development from reflexes to gross and fine motor skills, and sensory and perceptual development in the five senses. Key points are that an infant's brain grows rapidly in the first two years and connections are pruned based on experiences, gross motor skills progress from lifting heads to walking, and fine motor skills allow precise hand and finger coordination.
This document discusses pediatric assessment from infancy through adolescence. It outlines the areas assessed at each stage including physical, cognitive, and social/emotional development. Key physical exam findings are described for each developmental period from newborn through adolescence. Exam techniques aim to minimize distress, such as examining young children in the parent's lap. Puberty is assessed using Tanner staging in adolescence. The document provides guidance on the appropriate physical exam across pediatric ages and stages.
G6PD Deficiency in Malaysia: the current situation - Narazah Mohd YusoffHuman Variome Project
The document discusses G6PD deficiency in Malaysia. It finds the prevalence is highest in Orang Asli (indigenous people) males at 11% and females at 7%. Nationwide neonatal screening began in 1980 and molecular studies found the most common mutations were Viangchan (871G>A) and Mahidol (487G>A). While diagnosis and treatment services exist, challenges remain in improving genetic counseling, establishing databases, and increasing international collaboration on research regarding pathogenesis and protective mechanisms against malaria.
Birth and physical development during the first 3 yearsCarlos F Martinez
This document provides an overview of birth and physical development during the first three years. It discusses the childbirth process and complications that can occur. It also covers early physical development including brain development, nutrition, sensory and perceptual development, and motor skills development. Gross motor skills rapidly improve in the first year while fine motor skills take longer to develop. Overall the document provides a comprehensive overview of physical changes and milestones from birth to age three.
Growth & development nurs 3340 spring 2017Shepard Joy
Growth and development principles, theories, and concepts are essential for nursing care of children. Principles include growth occurring at different rates in different parts of the body. Major theories discussed are Freud's psychosexual theory focusing on psychosexual development, Erikson's psychosocial theory addressing psychosocial tasks, Piaget's cognitive development theory outlining stages of cognitive growth, and Kohlberg's moral development theory. Nursing interventions should be based on understanding of children's developmental needs and abilities at different ages and stages.
Unit 03 growth and development during childhood and adolescence-iiDARSGHAH
Unit 03 growth and development during childhood and adolescence-ii Course code 0840 Educational psychology from ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD.
prepared by Ms. SAMAN BIBI & Mariam Rafique
This document summarizes growth and development in toddlers between 1 to 3 years of age. It discusses physical growth including height, weight, head circumference and motor development milestones. Sensory development of vision, hearing, taste and touch are also outlined. The document provides immunization schedules and recommendations on injury prevention and nutrition for toddlers.
Health promotion of the infant & toddlerShepard Joy
This document provides information on health promotion for infants and toddlers. It covers several key areas:
1) Developmental milestones, the importance of play, nutrition needs, common health concerns, communication skills, and anticipatory guidance.
2) Common nursing diagnoses for infants and toddlers related to knowledge, parenting skills, immunization status, family coping, and various risks.
3) A review of normal developmental age groups from neonate to preschooler, focusing on growth, motor skills, cognition, language, and psychosocial development.
This document discusses principles of hygiene and health protection for children and adolescents. It outlines several key laws of growth and development, including unevenness of growth, gender differences, environmental and genetic influences, and sensitive periods. Physical development indicators and criteria for evaluating biological age are provided. The document also establishes health groups based on presence of diseases and functional status to determine needed medical supervision.
Physical and psycho motor development of children of different age groupsAjaindu Shrivastava
This document discusses physical and psycho-motor development in children of different age groups. It covers indicators of physical development from birth through adolescence, including average measurements for body mass, length, head circumference, and chest circumference. Objective laws for how these measurements normally increase with age are provided. Methods for assessing physical development, including oriented calculations and anthropometric standards, are explained. Common causes of disturbances to physical development are also outlined.
This document discusses the benefits of breast milk and breastfeeding for infants in the NICU. It begins by outlining the objectives of increasing awareness of the importance of breast milk for preterm infants in the NICU and educating about its benefits. It then covers several key areas in less than 3 sentences each: the positive impact of breast milk on the gastrointestinal tract, lipid and fatty acid composition, anti-microbial components, short and long-term health benefits, limitations for preterm infants, and methods for fortification to meet their nutritional needs.
This document discusses growth and development from conception to death. It defines growth as an increase in physical size while development refers to qualitative changes in functioning. Several theories of development are outlined, including Freud's psychosexual stages, Piaget's cognitive development stages, and Erikson's psychosocial development stages. Growth and development are influenced by genetic and environmental factors and occur through predictable stages across the lifespan.
This document discusses infant feeding practices and breastfeeding. It begins with definitions of different infant feeding categories like exclusive breastfeeding, predominant breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and bottle feeding. It then covers principles of breastfeeding like initiating breastfeeding within 30 minutes of birth and exclusively breastfeeding for the first 6 months. The advantages of breastfeeding for both babies and mothers are provided. National breastfeeding practices and initiatives like the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) are also summarized.
Normal Development in Children is a very important chapter in Paediatrics subject curriculum. It is one of the diagnostic criteria for early detection of developmental deviation in children.
Physical growth is an increase in size. Development is growth in function and capability. Both processes highly depend on genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors. As children develop physiologically and emotionally, it is useful to define certain age-based groups.
Antenatal Breast feeding counseling - Mrs. RajeswariRajeswari1975
This document outlines an interventional study being conducted by departments at MGMCRI and KGNC to evaluate the effectiveness of structured antenatal and postnatal counseling in promoting exclusive breastfeeding. The study aims to recruit 150 primiparous mothers in their early second trimester who will receive counseling during pregnancy and after delivery. The study will assess breast problems reported during pregnancy, time to initiate breastfeeding, duration of exclusive breastfeeding, and reasons for cessation of exclusive breastfeeding. Data will be analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and chi-square tests to evaluate the impact of the counseling intervention on breastfeeding outcomes.
Describes the growth and development in toddlerhood in the various domains - Physical, psychosocial, cognitive, psychosexual, spiritual and moral.Also discusses the special health concerns in toddlerhood.
This document provides an overview of typical developmental milestones in four domains: gross motor, fine motor/vision, hearing/speech/language, and social/emotional/behavior. For each domain, it lists the skills that children typically acquire at various ages from birth through 5 years old. It also briefly discusses causes of developmental delay that can occur before, during, or after birth, such as infections, genetic conditions, brain abnormalities, and environmental factors. The document emphasizes that growth and development progress in parallel as children gain qualitative and quantitative skills through interacting with their social environment.
This document discusses breastfeeding and lactation. It covers topics like the benefits of breastfeeding for baby and mother, breast anatomy, milk production, proper latching techniques, common challenges and how to address them, expressing and storing breastmilk, recommended feeding schedules and more. Visuals and examples are provided to demonstrate proper positioning and latch. The overall message is that breastfeeding is natural but doesn't always come naturally, so knowledge, practice and patience are important.
Health promotion of the infant & toddler fall 2017Shepard Joy
This document provides information on health promotion for infants and toddlers. It outlines several objectives related to child development, nutrition, health concerns, communication, and anticipatory guidance. Nursing diagnoses that may be relevant for this age group are also listed. The document then reviews normal infant development by age group and describes common infant reflexes. It provides information on assessing growth, body systems, motor skills, language, vision, hearing, psychosocial development, sleep, and crib safety for infants.
Introduction to Pediatric, Growth and DevelopmentVipin Vageriya
The document discusses pediatric nursing and child growth and development. It begins by defining pediatric nursing as the branch of medicine dealing with the care of children from conception to adolescence. It then discusses the stages of child growth and development from infancy to adolescence. Finally, it summarizes the key aspects of growth, including that it follows a head-to-toe and inward-outward pattern, and is influenced by both nature and nurture.
Physical development of infants and toddlerhoodNaomi Gimena
The document discusses physical development in infants and toddlers. It covers topics like cephalocaudal and proximodistal growth, height and weight changes, brain development including myelination, motor development from reflexes to gross and fine motor skills, and sensory and perceptual development in the five senses. Key points are that an infant's brain grows rapidly in the first two years and connections are pruned based on experiences, gross motor skills progress from lifting heads to walking, and fine motor skills allow precise hand and finger coordination.
This document discusses pediatric assessment from infancy through adolescence. It outlines the areas assessed at each stage including physical, cognitive, and social/emotional development. Key physical exam findings are described for each developmental period from newborn through adolescence. Exam techniques aim to minimize distress, such as examining young children in the parent's lap. Puberty is assessed using Tanner staging in adolescence. The document provides guidance on the appropriate physical exam across pediatric ages and stages.
G6PD Deficiency in Malaysia: the current situation - Narazah Mohd YusoffHuman Variome Project
The document discusses G6PD deficiency in Malaysia. It finds the prevalence is highest in Orang Asli (indigenous people) males at 11% and females at 7%. Nationwide neonatal screening began in 1980 and molecular studies found the most common mutations were Viangchan (871G>A) and Mahidol (487G>A). While diagnosis and treatment services exist, challenges remain in improving genetic counseling, establishing databases, and increasing international collaboration on research regarding pathogenesis and protective mechanisms against malaria.
Newborn screening is a simple heel prick procedure done to detect potential metabolic disorders in babies that could lead to mental retardation or death if left untreated. The screening is usually done between 48-72 hours of life and involves collecting a few drops of blood onto a special card that is then sent to a newborn screening center. If certain disorders are detected, early treatment can prevent negative consequences. Parents should ensure their baby receives this screening, as it can help identify disorders that may not yet show symptoms. Those with positive results require follow-up specialist testing and management to ensure the baby's health and development.
Ppt of problems and complication of breast feeding ppt (madam kalyani)Rathkalyani123
This document discusses problems and complications that can occur with breastfeeding. It notes that 25% of women do not initiate breastfeeding within 24 hours, 50% discard colostrum, and 75% give prelacteal feeds. Common breastfeeding problems include reluctance to breastfeed, infant attachment issues, anxiety, and inadequate milk production. Complications include breast engorgement, plugged ducts, cracked or sore nipples, mastitis, and breast abscesses. The document provides information on prevention and management of each issue.
This document discusses prematurity and the management of preterm infants. It defines prematurity as birth before 37 weeks gestation. It describes the problems that can occur in preterm infants relating to immaturity of organ systems, including respiratory issues, temperature regulation difficulties, neurological impairments, and metabolic concerns like hypoglycemia. The document outlines assessment and management approaches for various initial problems in the preterm newborn as well as long term issues involving development, medical complications, and social factors. Mortality and morbidity rates are provided based on gestational age and birth weight.
This document summarizes the differences between breastfeeding and artificial feeding, as well as the types and benefits of different milks. It discusses how breastfeeding is recommended for infants within one hour of birth and exclusively for six months. The benefits of breastfeeding for infants include reduced risks of various infections, SIDS, diabetes, mental health issues, and allergies. Benefits for mothers include stronger bonding, hormone release assisting weight loss and recovery, and long-term reduced risks of various cancers and diseases. It also outlines the composition differences between human milk, cow's milk, and buffalo's milk, as well as the unique composition and benefits of colostrum for newborn immunity and development.
Breastfeeding provides optimal nutrition for infants and benefits both mother and baby. It involves the feeding of an infant with breast milk from the female breast. Breast milk is produced when suckling stimulates the release of prolactin and oxytocin, which causes milk production and ejection from the alveoli into ducts. Breast milk contains proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals essential for infant growth and development as well as protection from disease. Proper positioning and latch are important to establish successful breastfeeding and adequate milk production.
The document provides an overview of the history and development of vaccines. It discusses key events like Jenner's development of the smallpox vaccine in 1796 and the eradication of smallpox. It describes different types of vaccines including live-attenuated, inactivated, toxoid, subunit, conjugate, and DNA vaccines. The mechanisms of how vaccines work and produce immunity are also explained. The document traces the evolution of vaccines from whole organism approaches to modern techniques like recombinant DNA technology.
This document provides an overview of infant nutrition and development. It discusses that newborns are at highest risk of mortality in their first 28 days of life, so appropriate feeding and care are crucial. The document then outlines the course, discussing topics like birthweight and infant mortality, motor and cognitive development, energy and nutrient needs, physical growth assessment, and infant feeding skills.
This document provides an overview of infant nutrition and development from the School of Nutrition and Dietetics at Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin. It discusses how newborns are at highest risk of mortality in their first 28 days of life, making appropriate feeding and care crucial. The document then outlines the course, discussing topics like birthweight and infant mortality, motor and cognitive development, energy and nutrient needs, and infant feeding skills.
NORMAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT (1) (1).pptxshafini beryl
Growth and development are normal processes that occur in children. Growth refers to the increase in size of the body and is measured through anthropometry like weight, height, head circumference etc. and plotted on growth charts. Development refers to gains in skills and abilities and occurs through various domains like gross motor, fine motor, language etc. It is important to monitor growth and look for developmental milestones as well as red flags. Early identification of issues through developmental screening and assessments can help provide early intervention services for conditions like autism.
This document discusses preterm birth and care of preterm infants. It defines preterm birth as birth before 37 weeks of gestation. It describes developmental milestones from 26-36 weeks gestation. It discusses risks like diabetes and smoking. It outlines management of preterm infants including in the NICU with incubators and kangaroo care. It also discusses long term risks of prematurity like cerebral palsy.
How to optimize your child’s growth and brain development? Check it out…
For info log on to www.healthlibrary.com. 'Nutrition for Healthy Growth in Children' By Dr. Zubeda Tumbi held on 5 Oct 2015.
This document discusses various tools used to assess development in children. It describes developmental milestones from birth to 3 years of age across different domains. The key tools mentioned include the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS), Denver II developmental screening test, Trivandrum Developmental Screening Chart (TDSC), Developmental Assessment Scale for Indian Infants (DASII), and growth charts like WHO charts. The document also discusses factors affecting growth and development as well as developmental theories and principles of child development.
Master Saurabh, age 12, was admitted to the paediatric ward on May 31st, 2022 and diagnosed with failure to thrive. The nurse assessed his nutritional status and developed a nutritional plan, providing health education to the family on nutrition and maintaining a proper diet. The nurse found Saurabh to be moderately built but less active and lethargic. His weight and BMI were subnormal. The nurse counselled the family on the importance of a balanced diet with adequate proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals to promote Saurabh's nutritional status and prevent deficiency diseases. A sample diet plan for one day was also provided.
This document discusses breastfeeding, including its benefits and recommendations. It provides statistics on breastfeeding rates around the world and in Iraq. It describes the different types of breast milk produced (colostrum, transitional milk, and mature milk). The document outlines benefits of breastfeeding for both babies and mothers. It discusses signs of a good latch and reassurance that a baby is getting enough milk. Finally, it notes some contraindications for breastfeeding.
This document discusses breastfeeding, including its benefits and recommendations. It provides statistics on breastfeeding rates around the world and in Iraq. It describes the different types of breast milk produced at various stages. The document outlines signs that a baby is latching and feeding well, in addition to benefits of breastfeeding for both mother and baby. It also lists some contraindications where breastfeeding may not be advised.
Lec Infant nutrition DR ZIYADTHROUGH LIFE (1).pptSYEDZIYADFURQAN
This document provides an overview of infant nutrition, including energy and nutrient needs, development of feeding skills, common nutritional problems, and growth assessment of infants. It discusses recommendations for calories, protein, fat, and other nutrient needs. Key points include exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months, introducing complementary foods around 6 months, appropriate food textures for infant development stages, signs of adequate feeding, and common issues like failure to thrive, colic, and iron-deficiency anemia. Growth is monitored through weight, length, head circumference, and developmental milestones.
Pediatric Nutrition for Children of different Age GroupsEPIC Health
Pediatric nutrition guidelines vary by age but all aim to support optimal growth and development through essential nutrients. For newborns, breast milk alone is best for the first six months. Around six months, solid foods can be introduced like mashed banana and rice cereal. For toddlers, meals should include a variety of foods from all nutrition groups while avoiding overly salty or sugary snacks. Preschoolers benefit from plenty of fruits and vegetables as well as meals at set times to encourage healthy eating habits.
The first 1000 days between conception and a child's second birthday provide the greatest opportunity to positively impact long-term development through nurturing care. During this period, the brain grows rapidly and is shaped by environments and relationships. Proper nutrition, health, stimulation and parenting can influence cognitive, physical, social and psychological development. Ensuring children receive responsive caregiving, good nutrition and healthy supportive environments during these critical first 1000 days lays the foundation for their future growth, learning and well-being.
The document provides guidance on counselling women during pregnancy on various topics:
1. Nutritional counselling focuses on maintaining a healthy diet, weight gain, and consuming nutrients like iron and calcium.
2. Counselling on breastfeeding emphasizes initiating breastfeeding within an hour of birth and exclusively breastfeeding for six months.
3. Counselling addresses having safe sex during pregnancy, domestic violence prevention, and post-natal family planning to space pregnancies.
This document discusses nutrition during infancy. It begins by outlining the stages of life and defines infancy as age 1 month to 2 years. It then discusses the major types of infant development - psychosocial, language, cognitive, and physical. The document focuses on the main sources of nutrition for infants - breast milk and formulas. It provides a detailed comparison of the nutritional composition and benefits of breast milk versus various types of formulas. The document also discusses complementary feeding and important guidelines for introducing solid foods. It outlines health outcomes associated with breastfeeding versus not breastfeeding.
This document discusses nutrition for healthy pregnancies and children. It recommends eating a balanced diet with carbohydrates, proteins, fruits and vegetables, calcium and fats during pregnancy for the health of the mother and baby. Specific foods and amounts are recommended for each trimester. Healthy eating benefits the baby's development and the mother's safe delivery and recovery. The document also provides nutrition guidance for feeding children from infancy through school age, including recommended servings from food groups based on a child's age. Tips are given on making food fun for picky eaters and avoiding junk food.
Growth and development in early childhood is characterized by steady but slow growth and development of the brain, muscles, bones and internal systems. Nutritional needs are higher to support this growth, including adequate intake of calories, protein, vitamins and minerals. Common nutritional problems among young children include diarrhea, constipation, food allergies, lactose intolerance and parasitic infections. Proper nutrition and feeding practices are important to support optimal growth, development and overall well-being of children.
1. The document provides dietary advice and nutritional guidance for a 1 year old child weighing 7 kg, which is below the expected weight of 10 kg. It outlines the calorie and protein requirements and provides a sample weekly menu.
2. It also discusses principles of weaning and complementary feeding for infants after 6 months, including introducing semi-solid foods and finger foods. The importance of continued breastfeeding is emphasized.
3. Under-five clinics aim to provide comprehensive healthcare for children under 5, focusing on prevention, treatment of illness, growth monitoring, immunizations, and health education. They play a major role in reducing child mortality.
A presentation that the Greek team created and presented during the 1st Learning Meeting in Greece in February 2018, for the Erasmus+ project:"Pro-healthy lifestyle with your mobile phone".
The document discusses guidelines from major medical organizations that vegan and vegetarian diets can be healthy and nutritionally adequate for people of all ages. It provides tips for raising children on a vegan diet, including ensuring adequate nutrition from breastmilk or formula for infants and assembling meals with plant-based proteins, healthy fats, and nutrients of concern at different stages of child development. Position statements from organizations are presented to show that a vegan diet can be followed safely by children without compromising their nutrition or growth.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Kat...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central19various
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
1. BABY’S HEALTH AND SAFETY:
OUR TOP PRIORITY
Dr B.A.KHOO
Consultant Paediatrician and Neonatologist
Sunway Medical Centre
21st JULY 2013
GARDEN HOTEL
2. What is our objective?
• Healthy mother and pregnancy
• Healthy baby
• Happy family
3. BABY’S HEALTHCARE
• Physical health(growth and development)
• Mental health (IQ vs. EQ etc..)
• Social and behavioral health
• Communication skills
healthy baby joyful/smart children
holistic, wise and caring adult
4. Tips for healthy baby
• Good start – healthy mother – pregnancy
– Good nutrition – pre and postnatal
– Effective stress coping mechanism
• Good immune system – vaccination, personal
hygiene, healthy diet, etc..
• Safe environment to learn and explore
• Safe sleeping position
• Early education and stimulation – audiovisual,
music, communication etc..
• Loving and caring family
6. Neonatal Jaundice
• Physiological jaundice (First 1 week of life)
– Very common
– Self limiting but sometime need phototherapy
• Breastfeeding jaundice (First few days of life)
– Due to inadequate breast feeding dehydration
– Advise to persevere with BF +/- supplementation
7. Neonatal Jaundice
• Prolonged jaundice (After 14 days of life)
– Need to exclude other conditions (e.g UTI,
hypothyroidism, liver problem etc..)
– Warning sign – “pale stool and tea-colored urine”
– If all tests were normal, it is most likely due to
breastmilk jaundice – harmless and BF should be
continued
9. G6PD deficiency
• X-linked recessive red cell enzyme deficiency.
• Asian babies (~ 3-3.5% in Malaysia)
• Sex distribution:
– Males – affected
– Female – carrier
• Can cause sudden and severe RBC breakdown when exposed
to oxidative agents
mother father
25%
carrier XX XY XX XY 25% affected
X X X Y
12. Abdominal colic
• Cause ?unknown
• Belief to be due to “wind/gas” in the bowels
• Normally self limiting by 3-4 months of age
• May consider anti-colic drops if severe
• Probiotics may help
• Warning signs: persistent vomiting(greenish),
mucousy/blood stain stool, abdominal distension,
refuse feeding, lethargic and unwell looking etc..
13. Gastroesophageal reflux
• Mild regurgitation is very common
• Normally self limiting by 3-6mths of age
• Observe if weight gain within acceptable range
• Solutions: Feeding technique, position, smaller amount
but more frequent feeds
• If severe, may consider thickened feeds +/- anti-reflux
medications
• Warning signs: Forceful/projectile vomiting, feeds
hungrily after vomiting, yellowish/greenish vomitus,
poor weight gain, unwell looking, abdominal distension
and not passing flatus/stool etc..
14. Other problems
• Stuffy nose and noisy breathing
– Seawater nasal spray is very safe
– Do not give sedative antihistamine
• Phlegm sound
– Generally self limiting
– CTM (herbs, pearl powder etc…) – not recommended
• Hiccups
– Harmless
– Self limiting
– Do not give excessive water(esp for infant < 6mths)
15. How to ensure my baby is thriving well
and safe?
• First 6 months
– Good nutrition – breastfeeding is the BEST
– Safe environment and surrounding
– Sleeping position – back to the BACK
– Do not use “sarong” – prone to accident and
chocking +/- suffocation
16. How to optimize your child’s growth
and development?
• Good nutrition
• BrEaST feeding – BEST nutrition (must make sure
mother takes balance/healthy diet)
“All nutrients are essential for growth and brain
development and there is no single nutrient that
should be particularly emphasized as providing
your child with well balanced diet”
17. Benefits of breastfeeding
• Both to baby and mother
• Offer perfect nutrition to your baby
– Protein, fat, CHO, minerals, vitamins etc..
– Easy to digest (lipase, amylase and lisozyme)
– Hormones for growth and development
(prolactin, prostaglandins, insulin, thyroid stimulating hormone,
thyroxine and growth hormone)
– Anti-allergenic agents
• Strengthen immune system
– Colostrum – contain leucocytes, antibodies (IgG &IgA)
• Promotes healthy gut system
– Lactoferrin – increase iron absorption and inhibit the growth of
bacteria (e.g. E coli) in the bowel
– Prebiotics and probiotics (e.g. lactobacillus, bifidobacterium)
19. Evidence based medicine on breast
feeding and breast milk
Evidence Based Medicine Benefits of breastfeeding and breast milk
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,
October 1999
BF > 3.2 IQ points
Maternal bonding > 2.1 IQ points
Enhanced cognitive development seen in
as early as 6 months of age and sustained
through until 15 years of age.
Archives of Disease in Childhood
2001;85:183-188
345 children – breastfed for 3 vs > 6 mths
Mental skills were compared at 13 mths
and 5 years of age
Non breastfed group – score below
average at 13 mths
At 5 years of age – breastfed group
average 8 points higher in IQ
20. NUTRIENTS FOR BRAIN DEVELOPMENT
NUTRIENTS FOR BRAIN
DEVELOPMENT
FUNCTIONS
Omega-3, omega-6 Arachidonic acid
(AA) DHA (docosahexaenoic acid)
building blocks of the brain cells
synaptogenesis, important in cell
membrane function and
myelination.
Iron facilitating nerve communication
and production of neurotransmitter
Choline improve memory, keep brain cells
functioning and assists in nerve
transmission
Lutein ability to filter blue light and protect
the eyes
Taurine efficient and rapid nerve
communication
synthesis and release of brain
neurotransmitters
Zinc protecting brain cells (anti-oxidant
properties)
Tryptophan Ensuring good night rest in order for
the brain to build and consolidate
neural connections
21. FOOD SOURCES FOR BRAIN
NUTRIENTSBRAIN NUTRIENTS FOOD SOURCES
Omega-3 fatty acids (Alpha-linolenic acid
(ALA). Omega-6 fatty acids (Linoleic acid - LA).
breast milk, tuna, salmon, sardines, mackerel,
cod liver oil, flax seeds, eggs, meat, dairy
products, chia seeds, walnuts, sea vegetables,
and green leafy vegetables, cold-pressed
sunflower, safflower, corn, sesame oils and
black currant seed oils.
Iron Clams, pork Liver, oysters, chicken Liver,
mussels, beef liver, beef, shrimp, sardines,
turkey
Choline eggs, fish, legumes (soybeans), grains (wheat),
nuts (peanuts), organ meats, lean meat, and
vegetables
Lutein (carotenoids class of yellow to red
pigments found especially in fruits and
vegetables)
spinach, corn and egg yolks, peppers,
tomatoes, carrots, sweet potatoes, corn,
beans, peas, peaches, oranges, papayas,
apricots and mangoes
Taurine eggs, fish, meat, milk, seaweed, clam, squid,
octopus, and oyster
Zinc, B-vitamins and folic acid green vegetables, beans, pasta, grapefruits,
yogurt, fish and seafood
Tryptophan Turkey, chicken, beef, brown rice, nuts, fish,
milk eggs, cheese, fruits and vegetables.
Antioxidants eg: beta-carotene, taurine,
vitamin C, Vitamin E and zinc, monosaturated
oleic acid
Strawberries, apricots, red cabbage, spinach,
sunflower seeds and walnuts, olive oil, oils
from almonds, pecans, macadamias, peanuts,
and avocados.
22. When to introduce solid food?
• ~ 4-6mths of age
• Timing and types of food?
– 6-9 mths – cereal, porridge, bread, fruits, meat,
chicken and vegetables.
– 12-24mths – fish, eggs and all the above
– > 24mths – honey, sea foods and all the above
– >5 yrs – peanuts (risk of choking and aspirated
into the lungs if being introduce early)
24. Development milestone
• 4 Important areas:
– Gross motor skill – ability to move around their environment
from rolling over to crawling, walking, running, climbing, cycling
etc.
– Vision and Fine motor skill – ability to use hand-visual
coordination to complete certain tasks for e.g. stacking the
cubes, threading the beads, feeding himself/herself, writing,
drawing etc.
– Hearing and speech – ability to communicate with his/her
surrounding through spoken words or language.
– Social and behavioral skill – ability to interact with his or her
peers, siblings and parents and maturity in handling social needs
such as toilet train, social mannerism etc.
25. What every parent should know
regarding their child’s development?
• Every milestone had its range of normality.
– Give some time for your child to acquire the skills
as some children achieve certain milestone later
than the other.
– It is important to know the range of normality in
order to detect the abnormality.
• Children should be given enough time for
them to perform under non-stressful
environment or expectation.
26. What every parent should know
regarding their child’s development?
• Every child is different and unique.
– Your child will develop and grow at his own pace. As long
as he or she makes forward progress in his/her milestone,
just sit back and enjoy seeing him/her grows.
– What's most important to track is that the child is making
forward progress in all 4 domains of development.
• As a parent, you know your child well.
– Your first instinct is often reliable.
– Talk to your paediatrician or bring your child for
developmental assessment if you are concern about your
child being delay or different from other kids.
– Don’t wait!!!
27. Ways to enhance your child’s
developmental skills?
• Gross Motor
– Provide safe environment for learning and exploring - No sharp
edges or corner
– Avoid the use of bouncer or walker as it is more prone to
accident and injury. By putting babies on the flat surface will
also encourage them to explore their body more naturally.
• Vision and Fine Motor
– Encourage touching different textures at an early age
– Encourage stacking the cubes/blocks and playing with clay +
pegs
– Encourage them to dig, paint, sweep, pour and thread beads
28. Ways to enhance your child’s
developmental skills?
• Hearing and Speech
– Look into your baby’s eyes and talk to him/her
– Read story book aloud to your child daily
– Read nursery rhymes and sing nursery songs
– Name the objects surrounding the house
– Introduce flash card or picture book
– Let your children see you read daily and they will
follow
29. Ways to enhance your child’s
developmental skills?
• Social and behavioral skill
– Create a positive body contact such as hugging and
kissing
– Encourage your children to share toys among one
another and with their friends
– Teach them learn to wait for their turn
– Build his/her self confident – allow him/her to help in
your daily chores
– Let kids figure things out themselves – allow them to
decide
– Let your child respond by himself and avoid the urge
to speak for him
30. Good immune system
• Vaccination
– the most cost effective method in combating infection
A good doctor/parents – detect early and treat early
A “not so good” doctor/parents – detect late, resuscitate and treat
the complications
An excellent doctor/parents – prevent the disease
“chinese proverbs”
• Prebiotic and probiotic – enhance immune
system, healthy GIT system + digestion
34. Optional Vaccines in Malaysia
Vaccine Month
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 12 18+
Pneumococcal
Conjugate
Vaccine
Chickenpox
Vaccine
Hepatitis A Vaccine
Rotavirus Vaccine
35. IMMUNISATION SCHEDULE (SMC)
VACCINE Birth 6w-2m 3-4m 5-6m 6-7m 12m 12-15m 18m 19-23m 2-3yr 4-6yr
BCG
Hep B
DTaP/IPV
HiB
Rotavirus
PneumoC
Influenza (2nd dose to be given 1 month later then yearly)
MMR
Chicken pox
Hep A (2 doses)
MeningoC
36.
37. Pneumococcal
• Pneumococcal – bacteria that are commonly
found in the throat and nasal cavity of young
children.
• There are about 100 types of pneumococci, of
which about 7-15 types are most important.
38. Pneumococcal
• Pneumococcal infection can cause
– middle ear infection (otitis media),
– lungs infection (pneumonia)
– brain infection (meningitis)
– blood stream infection (septicaemia).
• Pneumonia, meningitis and septicaemia are
serious life-threatening infections with
mortality rate about 30%.
39. Pneumococcal vaccine
• Prevent against pneumococcal infection
• PCV(pneumococcal conjugate vaccine) –
recommended for all children < 5 years old
• 4 doses regimes for infant < 6mths.
• 1 dose of PCV for children >2 years old
40. Rotavirus
• Rotavirus – the commonest virus that causes
diarrhea in children.
• Rotarivus is discharged by the billions from the
infected stools of a patient and may contaminate
garments, toys, bedding, food and in fact everything
that is in contact with the patient.
• Hence, it is difficult to prevent transmission of the
virus despite strict hygiene.
41. Rotavirus
• The disease will present as fever, diarrhea,
vomiting and abdominal pain which may lead
to severe dehydration and can cause death
(n=440,000)
. Parashar UD et al, Emerg Infect Dis 2003;9(5):565–572
42. Rotavirus vaccine
• Prevent against rotavirus infection
• 1st, 2nd or 3rd dose to be given 1-2mths apart
• 1st dose should not be administered after the
age of 6mths
46. How to prevent allergy?
• Identify high risk infants – avoid the allergens
during antenatal and from birth
• Allergy prevention strategies:
– Exclusively breastfeeding
– Hypoallergenic (HA) formula – partially hydrolyzed
formula shorter protein chain less allergenic
– Probiotics
47. Take home message
• healthy baby joyful/smart children
holistic, wise and caring adult
• Safe sleeping position and environment
• Ensure healthy gut and immune system
– Breast feeding, Balance nutrition
– good personal hygiene
– Vaccination
– Allergy prevention
– Pre/probiotics
• Caring and loving family is essential