The document discusses pediatric nursing related to folding and changing napkins. It defines napkins and describes various types including all-in-one cloth diapers, fitted cloth diapers, prefold and flat diapers, and pocket diapers. It outlines the steps to changing a diaper, from laying the baby on a changing mat to cleaning and drying the skin. Common problems with napkins like leaking, smell, rash and infection are discussed along with ways to overcome them like proper washing, drying and frequent changes. Toilet training steps are also outlined.

1. PEDIATRIC NURSING
FOLDING AND CHANGING
NAPKIN

2. DEFINITION
• Napkin : A folded piece of absorbent
material, such as paper or cloth that is placed
between a baby leg’s and fastened at the
waist to contain excretion.

3. TYPES
1. All in one cloth diapers
-easiest and leak proof diapers
-build in diaper cover sewn into
cotton or fleece layer
2.Fitted cloth diaper
-contoured to the shape of baby
with elastic around the leg and
waist

4. TYPES con’t…
3.Prefold and flat diapers
-need to be fastened with
diaper pins
4.Pocket diapers
-waterproof
-easy to use as a disposable
-easily fit

5. STEPS IN CHANGING DIAPER
• Lay baby on a towel or a
changing mat. Unfasten the tabs
on the dirty nappy. Fold them
over to prevent them from
sticking to baby, but don't
remove the dirty nappy yet.
• Pull down the front half of the
dirty nappy. If baby is a
boy, cover his penis with a clean
cloth or another nappy so baby
not pee on us.

6. STEPS IN CHANGING DIAPER con’t…
• If there's faeces in the nappy,
use the front half of the nappy
to wipe the bulk of it off baby's
bottom.
• Fold the dirty nappy in half
under a baby, clean side up. To
do this, lift baby's bottom off the
table by grasping both ankles
with one hand and gently lifting
upwards.

7. STEPS IN CHANGING DIAPER con’t…
• Clean baby's front with a damp baby
wipe or cloth. If baby's a girl, wipe
from front to back (towards her
bottom) to prevent bacterial
infection.
• To clean any faeces that remains, grab
another wipe and gently clean her
bottom. We can either lift her legs or
roll her gently to one side then the
other. Clean in the creases of baby's
thighs and bottom.

8. STEPS IN CHANGING DIAPER con’t…
• Let baby's skin air-dry for a few
moments or pat it dry with a
clean cloth, or with the towel
that a baby is lying on. Apply a
barrier cream or, if it's needed, a
rash cream.
• Remove the dirty nappy and set
it aside.

9. MOVIE HOW TO FOLD BABY NAPKIN

10. COMMON PROBLEM
1.Leaking
2.Smell due to:
-improper washing
-improper drying
3. Rash itchy

11. COMMON PROBLEM con’t…
4.Infection due to
prolong skin
contact with the urine
and faeces
5.Sore at thigh gap
due to tightly applied

12. WAY TO OVERCOME THOSE PROBLEMS
COMMON PROBLEM WAY TO OVERCOME
Leaking -use suitable size
-fold proper way ,not too loose
- change napkin every time baby pass urine
Smell Improper washing
-use proper soap to wash
-don’t mix with other cloth
Improper drying
-drying well under sunlight
Rash and itchy -frequent change baby diaper
-apply rashes cream at rash site
Infection -Immediately change baby napkin after
baby pass motion or pass urine
Sore at thigh gap due to tightly applied -avoid wear napkin too tight to baby

13. TOILET TRAINING
1. Toilet training should be start when their kids is
walking and can set for short period of time.
2. Teach to follow simple instruction
3. Make sure kids understand about the toileting
process.
4. Teach them how to contact the muscle
responsible for elimination.
5. Ask their kids to express a need to go to toilet
verbally.

14. TOILET TRAINING STEPS
1. Introduce and explain
the potty allow kids to
try it out to get familiar with it.
2.Encourage kids to sit
on the potty each day every time
he/she likely to have
bowel movement.

15. TOILET TRAINING STEPS con’t…
4. Give them positive praise
for their effort, even they are very slow.
5.Teach kids with some simple word like “I need
to go” , “pee” , associated with going to the
toilet .
6.Teach them to go to the toilet when at night
every time they have the urge to go the
toilet.