child health nursing minor disorder of newborn

1. MINOR DISORDERS
OF NEWBORN
Presented by
Prerna
B.Sc.Nursing 4th year

2. OBJECTIVES
• Introduction
• Definition
• Common minor disorders of newborn
• Role of nurse
• Summary
• Conclusion
• Bibliography

3. INTRODUCTION
• The minor disorders of newborn are most common
among newborns neglecting the minor health
problems is one of the factor contributing to
the newborn mortality rate Most mothers
observe their babies carefully and are often
worried by minor physical peculiarities, which
may be of no consequence

4. DEFINITION
• Newborn or neonates – from birth to till 28
days the baby is called a newborn or neonates
• Minor Disorders
Minor disorders are a physical
condition in which there is a
disturbance of normal functioning

5. COMMON MINOR DISORDERS
• Oral & perineal thrush
• Opthalmia neonatrum
• Neonatal mastitis
• Nasopharangitis
• Excessive crying
• Abdominal distension
• Constipation
• Diarrhea
• Vomiting

6. 1. Oral and perineal trush
• It is a fungal infection
caused by Candida Albicans.
• It is characterized by white
patches it the mouth and
tongue.
• Perineal thrush may cause
soreness of buttocks and is
secondary to oral infection.
• The skin is extremely red
and effected area may extend
as far as the umbilicus.

7. Management
• Topical application of Nystatin or Amphotericin
cream, Miconazole suspension is swabbed inside
the infants mouth three times a day for 4-5
days
• Oral application of 0.5% solution of gestian
violet after each feed.
• After each fees clean the baby’s mouth and
mother’s nipple.

8. 2. Opthalmia Neonatrum
• Ophthalmia neonatorum
(ON), also known as
neonatal
conjunctivitis, is a
conjunctivitis that
occurs in the first 4
weeks of life. It’s
caused by a bacterial,
chlamydial, or viral
infection that’s
acquired during
passage from birth
canal, such as from a

9. Management
• The infected eyes are cleaned with sterile
swabs, moistened with normal saline.
• Chloramphenicol is commonly used but
erythromycin amd gentamicin (0.5%) ointment or
1% silver nitrate solution should be used for
chlamydia infection and polymixin for
pseudomonas aeruginose.

10. 3. Omphalitis
• Omphalitis is an
infection of the
umbilicus and/or
surrounding tissues,
occurring primarily in
the neonatal period.
It is limited to
around the umbilicus
in the majority of
newborns.

11. Management
• Use an antibiotic ointment (such as Polysporin)
if any pus is present. Put a tiny amount on the
belly button. Do this 2 times per day after the
area has been cleaned. Do this for 2 days.
After that, use the antibiotic ointment only if
you see more pus
• You can also take an umbilical swab for
culture, and treat with oral antibiotics
(Flucloxacillin, 5-7 days) if there are signs
of local infection.

12. 4. Neonatal Mastitis
• The enlargement of
breast occurs in full
term babies of both
sexes on 3rd or 4th day
and may last for few
days or even weeks
• Lack of inactivation
of progesterone and
estrogen after birth
due to immaturity of
neonatal liver, leads
to further rise in
their levels thus
resulting in

13. Management
• If an abscess form, incision and drainage are
done.
• Antibiotics therapy- Clindamycin and
Vancomycin, Oxacillin 100-200 mg/kg/day in 4
divided doses.
• Antiseptic compression, local massage should be
given and mother is reassured.

14. 5. Nasopharyngitis
• It is an acute
infection of the
respiratory tract
which is usually
caused by air borne
organisms transmitted
by parents visitors
or staff to the baby
• Symptoms are running
nose, excessive cry,
coughing and sneezing.

15. Management
• Mother and baby should be nursed in a single
room and the baby should be given fluids
• Nostrils cleaned by cotton wool soaked with
normal saline and nasal spray or drops can use.

16. 6. Excessive Crying
Newborns typically cry 1–
4 hours a day.
Newborn cry very often
due to a number of
reasons
• Due to hunger or
discomfort due to
spoiled linen.
• May be due to full
bladder before passing
urine
• Constipation
• Insect bite
• Being hot or cold
• Wanted attention

17. Management
• Frequently feed the baby
• Check for urine and motion
• Cover the baby to prevent from insect bite
• The baby should not be left alone.

18. 7. Abdominal distention
• Baby with periodic
distention should
causes by
complications of
severe gastroenteritis
constipation with
ineffective
peristalsis
intestinal obstruction
• Sign and symptoms
include vomiting,
increased respiration,

19. Management
• A flatus tube may be inserted to remove
excessive gas , if present
• Dehydration should be treated
• In case of obstruction, NG tube aspiration and
continuous drainage may help to decompress the
stomach.

20. 8. Constipation
• Prolonged straining
and forceful efforts
at defecation with
passage of hard stools
is called
constipation.
• Due to insufficient
fluid or milk intake.
• Symptoms include lack
of sleep,
irritability,
abdominal pain

21. Management
• Milk of magnesia one teaspoon twice a day.
• Apply lubricant over anal region
• Best management by giving frequent
breastfeeding.

22. 9. Diarrhea
• Baby develops increase
frequency of stools,
if the mother is
taking ampicillin
tetracycline or
certain laxatives
• Cause due to Intake of
large quantities of
glucose water and
honey by the baby.
• Due to overfeeding.

23. Management
• Avoid bottle feeding maintain hygiene
• Wash nipples after each feed.
• Put on exclusive breastfeeding.
• Mother who are breastfeeding might need to
adjust their own diet to avoid any foods that
could trigger diarrhea in their babies.
• Keep the diaper changing area clean

24. 10. Vomiting
• Vomiting is a forcible
ejection of the
gastric contents
• There are several
causes of vomiting
like gastric
irritation,
Gastroenteritis, A
food allergy or milk
intolerance, Gastro-
oesophageal reflux,
faulty breast feeding

25. Management
• The proper advice regarding feeding and burping
must be imparted to all mothers
• Proper techniques of breastfeeding in proper
position
• Avoid bottle feeding.
• Fluid and electrolyte balance should be
maintained and monitor the intake and output
chart
• Antiemetics medication should be administered
as prescribed

26. 11. Physiological Jaundice
• It appears on the
second day of birth
reaches peak on the 4th
or 5th day and then
disappear on 8-10 day
• It is the yellow
colour of skin usually
appearing on the face,
chest, abdomen and
legs, due to the
excess bilirubin in
blood

27. Management
• Exposing the baby to sunlight for about 10 to
20 minutes.
• While exposing the baby to sunlight, baby’s
eyes and perineal area should be covered.
• Usually correct itself in few days, if not then
baby should keep on phototherapy

28. 12. Sore Buttocks /Napkin Rash
• Use of nylon or water
tight plastic napkins
and delay in changing
the napkins causes
redness
• Due to frequent loose
stool or poor hygiene.

30. Management
• The bottom should be cleaned gently with wet
cotton and kept dry and exposed to air
• Apply soothing ointment and coconut oil which
provides relief.

31. 13. Pseudomenstruation
• Vaginal bleeding, or
pseudomenstruation, is
common in female
babies, especially
during the first 2-10
days of life.
• It’s called “false
menses” and is caused
by a sudden drop in
mother estrogen after
birth. The discharge
is blood-tinged or
pink and should not
last more than 3 or 4

32. Management
• Clean the genitals with warm water and fresh
cotton wool
• Spread the labia and gently wash the creases
• Wipe from front to back
• Avoid using skin cleansing and moisturizing
products during the first few weeks
• A topical estrogen ointment applied to the
adhesion area is often used as a first-line
treatment option

33. ROLE OF NURSE
• Early detection and treatment
• Maintain hygiene
• Breastfeeding support
• Immunization
• Education and support to parents

34. SUMMARY
• In today’s class we study about minor disorders
of newborn and there management.
• Firstly we discuss what are minor disorders of
newborn then definition and then discussed some
common minor disorders and there management.

35. CONCLUSION
• Newborn health problems are frequently found
ranging from minor physical and physiological
peculiarities to the serious life threatening
illness. Minor problems should not be ignored
lightly without adequate assessment of the
conditions. Early diagnosis and management of
the serious problem help to overcome life long
disability and to reduce neonatal morbidity and
mortality.

36. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Book reference
Dr. Magan Shally & Sira Sanju ; Midwifery and
Obstetrics ; 3rd edition; Lotus Publication
• Net reference
https://www.ramauniversity.ac.in/online-study-
material/nursing/bsc.n/3ndyear/obg/lecture-
21.pdf