The document provides information about ancient Babylon between 606-536 BC. It describes how Babylon was situated along the Euphrates River in southern Mesopotamia, near modern day Baghdad. Babylon was a powerful empire that existed between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, though they were often rivals with the Assyrians for power. In 587 BC, the Babylonians destroyed Jerusalem and carried the Israelites into captivity. After 70 years of captivity in Babylon, as foretold by the prophet Jeremiah, the Persians conquered Babylon and Cyrus the Great issued a decree allowing the Israelites to return home.