Ancient Babylonia was located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq. The Babylonian Empire lasted from the 18th-17th centuries BC and was a powerful civilization for about 100 years under King Hammurabi's rule. Babylonia had many major cities with populations between 10,000-50,000 people. The Babylonians made important contributions to mathematics, astronomy, law, and architecture. They built ziggurats and temples to their polytheistic gods like Marduk, Ishtar, and Tiamat.
We covered Origin,Geography and Timeline of Mesopotamia.There were many civilization in Mesopotamia but we only covered Sumerian Civilization because it had been told to us by our faculty.I hope you guys like this!
We covered Origin,Geography and Timeline of Mesopotamia.There were many civilization in Mesopotamia but we only covered Sumerian Civilization because it had been told to us by our faculty.I hope you guys like this!
Mesopotamia and the Near East: Foundation of Western CulturePaulVMcDowell
Traces the history of Mesopotamia from the Sumerians to the Assyrians and Babylon, looks at the pantheon, including Innana, the goddess of love and war, the epic of Gilgamesh, and allied topics
The Mycenaean civilization flourished during the period roughly between 1600 BC. It perished with the collapse of bronze age civilization in the eastern Mediterranean.
Mesopotamian civilization, their era, their inventions, and system. The studies focus on how Mesopotamia began and how it led to the formation of other cities. Their religion, geographic features, culture. The six lenses: art, culture, context, religion, architecture and aesthetics are used to study this region
Mesopotamia and the Near East: Foundation of Western CulturePaulVMcDowell
Traces the history of Mesopotamia from the Sumerians to the Assyrians and Babylon, looks at the pantheon, including Innana, the goddess of love and war, the epic of Gilgamesh, and allied topics
The Mycenaean civilization flourished during the period roughly between 1600 BC. It perished with the collapse of bronze age civilization in the eastern Mediterranean.
Mesopotamian civilization, their era, their inventions, and system. The studies focus on how Mesopotamia began and how it led to the formation of other cities. Their religion, geographic features, culture. The six lenses: art, culture, context, religion, architecture and aesthetics are used to study this region
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
1. Ancient Babylonia
Grace Wang, Matt Millard,
Rebecca Waldrop and Julia Gaffney
2. Babylonia Basics
~ The Babylonian Empire lasted from the 18th
century BC to the 6th century BC
~ There were between 10-15 cities with
approximately 10,000 to 50,000 inhabitants (no
one really knows for sure how many people
really lived there)
~ The heartland of Ancient Babylonia was
located between the Tigris and the Euphrates
rivers, in what is today Iraq
~ The height of the empire began in the 18th
century and lasted to the 17th century (it was
only a great power for about a hundred years at
the very beginning)
3. Relationship to surrounding people
~ Hammurabi united many of the
surrounding civilizations under
Babylonian rule, including the
Assyrians, the Akkadians, and the
Sumerians
~ Babylonia also traded with Anatolia,
Syria, and Palestine
~After Hammurabi united several
kingdoms, the Babylonians adopted the
Akkadian language for their official use,
and the Sumerian language for religious
purposes
4. Religion
~The Babylonian religion is polytheistic, similar to that of the Aztec or Greek religion.
~Architecture(Temples, ziggurats, gates) and art were dedicated to their many gods.
~Several religious cults through out the city with their own ways of worship, fought often.
~Their 1000 line epic creation story is one of the earliest creation stories in human
history(predating the Old Testament).
Religious Practices include:
•Giving offerings of food and artifacts. Human sacrifices were possible as well.
•Practices of healing magic, magic charms and divination.
•People or families had individual gods for personal prayer. They could leave their god and
worship a new one if they had bad luck with their last god.
Gods include:
•Marduk - King of Gods, God of the rising sun
•Ea - God of wisdom
•Shamash - God of justice, Sun God
•Ishtar - God of love and war
•Tiamat - Dragon goddess, slain by Marduk, corpse made into the Earth
•Nabu - Son of Marduk
6. Architecture
~Though the city of Babylon stands today, it is in ruins
compared to what it used to be.
~The most impressive parts of the city that stand today are the
various temples and ziggurats, the multiple gates, most notibly
the rebuilt Gate of Ishtar, the Processional Road, the largest
and only paved road in the city, and the kings palace.
~The more famous examples of the city's architecture are the
Hanging Gardens of Babylon and the Tower of Babel, but
neither stand today and many debate their existence.
7. Art
~Most art were terra-cotta or stone carvings of gods, kings and animals.
Were apparently glass makers, but no samples remain today. Their most
notable contribution is the use of polychrome glazed bricks, which gave the
bricks a shiny blue coating and protected them from damage for 1,000's of
years.
8. Government
~The main form of government was a
monarchy with one king
~The king used governors to maintain order
and control over different provinces of the
empire
~An effective tool used by the government
was Hammurabi's Code, the first uniform
code of laws which, reinforced class
distinctions
awilu, a free person of the upper
class;
mushkenu, a free person of
low estate
wardu, or slave
~Patriarchy authority was enforced by the
code but women still had laws to protect
them
9. Economic life and trade relations
~Babylon was a very prosperous city and empire
~Babylon traded surplus' of food and manufactured goods such as
furniture and pottery
~In return they received goods from around the ancient world:
~From the south they received cotton
~They imported wood from Persia and India in the east
~Babylon traded for wood from Syria in the north
~They imported minerals such as gold, copper, and stone
from Egypt, Sinai, and Yemen in the west
10. Other major achievements and facts
~The most famous innovation of ancient Babylonian culture was astronomy, which began as
a study of astrology
~Created calendar which perfectly predicted eclipses
~Sexagesimal system for the calculation of time and angles, which is still practical because
of the multiple divisibility of the number 60
~Cuneiform on clay tablets revealed their knowledge of science, math, and literature. That
Babylonians recorded on these tablets songs, prayers, and poems along with history and
laws.
~The Babylonians performed complicated surgeries and had extensive knowledge on
medicine. They even did operations of eyes
11. Archaeology in Babylonia
~Much of the western part of Babylon is under water because the Euphrates River has changed it's course
over time, so excavation of much of the city is difficult to do.
~ Some prominent sites found in Babylon include:
~Kasr (Castle/Palace): the burial place of Nebuchadnezzar
~Amran Ibn Ali: the site of a temple of Marduk, also called Esagila, which contained shrines to the
deities Nabu and Ea
~Babil: site for a palace of Nebuchadnezzar's
~Archaeology in Babylon and other parts of Babylonia are still being excavated today but much of what
we know about Ancient Babylonia is from archaeology, such as the layout of their cities, their knowledge
of math, and the natural disasters that occurred.
12. SOURCES
Lendering, Jona. "Babylonian Empire". Livius: Articles on Ancient History. 02/24/2010 http://www.livius.org/ba-
bd/babylon/babylonian_empire.html.
Gappa, Andrew. "Babylonia". Emuseum. 02/24/2010 http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/oldworld/middle_east/
babylonians.html.
Babylonian Empire." Livius. Articles on Ancient History. Web. 05 Mar. 2010.
http://www.livius.org/babd/babylon/babylonian_empire.html.
"Hammurabi's Code." Center for History and New Media. Web. 05 Mar. 2010.
http://chnm.gmu.edu/worldhistorysources/d/267/whn.html.
History World International. "A History of Babylon." Http://history-world.org. History World International, 2004.
Web. 6 Mar. 2010.
Russell, Rusty. "Ancient Babylonia." Http://www.bible-history.com. Bible History Online. Web. 6 Mar. 2010.
