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B cell activations

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Chulalongkorn Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group
Chulalongkorn Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group

The document outlines B cell activation and the humoral immune response. It discusses antigen recognition and delivery to B cells, activation of B cells by antigens and other signals through the B cell receptor complex and toll-like receptors, and the functional responses of B cells, including proliferation, differentiation, class switching, and antibody production. Several figures are included to illustrate these concepts.

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B Cell Activation Yoavanit Srivaro M.D.
Outlines • Overview of humoral immune responses • Antigen recognition and antigen induced B cell activation • Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses to protein antigens • Antibody responses to T-independent antigens
Outlines • Overview of humoral immune responses • Antigen recognition and antigen induced B cell activation • Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses to protein antigens • Antibody responses to T-independent antigens
FIGURE 12-1 Phases of the humoral immune response. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-1 Phases of the humoral immune response. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-1 Phases of the humoral immune response. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-1 Phases of the humoral immune response. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-1 Phases of the humoral immune response. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-1 Phases of the humoral immune response. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-1 Phases of the humoral immune response. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune responses. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune responses. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune responses. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune responses. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune responses. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune responses. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune responses. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune responses. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune responses. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune responses. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune responses. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune responses. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune responses. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-3 Distinct B cell subsets mediate different types of antibody responses. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-3 Distinct B cell subsets mediate different types of antibody responses. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-3 Distinct B cell subsets mediate different types of antibody responses. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
Outlines • Overview of humoral immune responses • Antigen recognition and antigen induced B cell activation • Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses to protein antigens • Antibody responses to T-independent antigens
Antigen recognition and antigen induced B cell activation • Antigen Capture and Delivery to B Cells • Activation of B Cells by Antigens and Other Signals • Functional Responses of B Cells to Antigens
FIGURE 12-4 Pathways of antigen delivery to follicular B cells. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-4 Pathways of antigen delivery to follicular B cells. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-4 Pathways of antigen delivery to follicular B cells. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-4 Pathways of antigen delivery to follicular B cells. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-4 Pathways of antigen delivery to follicular B cells. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-4 Pathways of antigen delivery to follicular B cells. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
Antigen recognition and antigen induced B cell activation • Antigen Capture and Delivery to B Cells • Activation of B Cells by Antigens and Other Signals • Functional Responses of B Cells to Antigens
FIGURE 7-18 B cell antigen receptor complex.. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 7-18 B cell antigen receptor complex.. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 7-18 B cell antigen receptor complex.. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 7-19 Signal transduction by the BCR complex. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 7-19 Signal transduction by the BCR complex. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 7-19 Signal transduction by the BCR complex. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 7-19 Signal transduction by the BCR complex. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 7-19 Signal transduction by the BCR complex. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 7-19 Signal transduction by the BCR complex. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-5 Role of CR2 and Toll-like receptors in B cell activation. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-5 Role of CR2 and Toll-like receptors in B cell activation. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-5 Role of CR2 and Toll-like receptors in B cell activation. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-5 Role of CR2 and Toll-like receptors in B cell activation. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-5 Role of CR2 and Toll-like receptors in B cell activation. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-5 Role of CR2 and Toll-like receptors in B cell activation. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-5 Role of CR2 and Toll-like receptors in B cell activation. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-5 Role of CR2 and Toll-like receptors in B cell activation. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-5 Role of CR2 and Toll-like receptors in B cell activation. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
Antigen recognition and antigen induced B cell activation • Antigen Capture and Delivery to B Cells • Activation of B Cells by Antigens and Other Signals • Functional Responses of B Cells to Antigens
FIGURE 12-6 Functional responses induced by antigen- mediated cross-linking of the BCR complex.
FIGURE 12-6 Functional responses induced by antigen- mediated cross-linking of the BCR complex.
FIGURE 12-6 Functional responses induced by antigen- mediated cross-linking of the BCR complex.
FIGURE 12-6 Functional responses induced by antigen- mediated cross-linking of the BCR complex.
FIGURE 12-6 Functional responses induced by antigen- mediated cross-linking of the BCR complex.
FIGURE 12-6 Functional responses induced by antigen- mediated cross-linking of the BCR complex.
FIGURE 12-6 Functional responses induced by antigen- mediated cross-linking of the BCR complex.
Outlines • Overview of humoral immune responses • Antigen recognition and antigen induced B cell activation • Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses to protein antigens • Antibody responses to T-independent antigens
Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses to protein antigens • The Sequence of Events During T Cell–Dependent Antibody Responses • Initial Activation and Migration of Helper B Cells and T Cells • Antigen Presentation by B Cells and the Hapten- Carrier Effect • Role of CD40L:CD40 Interaction in T-Dependent B Cell Activation • Extrafollicular B Cell Activation • The Germinal Center Reaction
Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses to protein antigens • The Sequence of Events During T Cell–Dependent Antibody Responses • Initial Activation and Migration of Helper B Cells and T Cells • Antigen Presentation by B Cells and the Hapten- Carrier Effect • Role of CD40L:CD40 Interaction in T-Dependent B Cell Activation • Extrafollicular B Cell Activation • The Germinal Center Reaction
FIGURE 12-7 Sequence of events in humoral immune responses to T cell–dependent protein antigens. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-7 Sequence of events in humoral immune responses to T cell–dependent protein antigens. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-7 Sequence of events in humoral immune responses to T cell–dependent protein antigens. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-7 Sequence of events in humoral immune responses to T cell–dependent protein antigens.
Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses to protein antigens • The Sequence of Events During T Cell–Dependent Antibody Responses • Initial Activation and Migration of Helper B Cells and T Cells • Antigen Presentation by B Cells and the Hapten- Carrier Effect • Role of CD40L:CD40 Interaction in T-Dependent B Cell Activation • Extrafollicular B Cell Activation • The Germinal Center Reaction
FIGURE 12-8 Migration of B cells and helper T cells and T-B interaction. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-8 Migration of B cells and helper T cells and T-B interaction. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-8 Migration of B cells and helper T cells and T-B interaction. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses to protein antigens • The Sequence of Events During T Cell–Dependent Antibody Responses • Initial Activation and Migration of Helper B Cells and T Cells • Antigen Presentation by B Cells and the Hapten- Carrier Effect • Role of CD40L:CD40 Interaction in T-Dependent B Cell Activation • Extrafollicular B Cell Activation • The Germinal Center Reaction
FIGURE 12-9 Antigen presentation on B cells to helper T cells. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-9 Antigen presentation on B cells to helper T cells. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-9 Antigen presentation on B cells to helper T cells. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-9 Antigen presentation on B cells to helper T cells. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-9 Antigen presentation on B cells to helper T cells. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
Hapten-carrier effect • First : Hapten-specific B cells : Protein (carrier)–specific helper T cells • Second : Hapten & carrier portions :physically linked • Third : Interaction is class II MHC restricted Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses to protein antigens • The Sequence of Events During T Cell–Dependent Antibody Responses • Initial Activation and Migration of Helper B Cells and T Cells • Antigen Presentation by B Cells and the Hapten- Carrier Effect • Role of CD40L:CD40 Interaction in T-Dependent B Cell Activation • Extrafollicular B Cell Activation • The Germinal Center Reaction
FIGURE 12-10 Mechanisms of helper T cell–mediated B cell activation.
FIGURE 12-10 Mechanisms of helper T cell–mediated B cell activation.
FIGURE 7-24 Signaling through the TNF receptor can result in NF-κB and MAP kinase activation or in the induction of apoptotic death.
FIGURE 7-24 Signaling through the TNF receptor can result in NF-κB and MAP kinase activation or in the induction of apoptotic death.
FIGURE 7-24 Signaling through the TNF receptor can result in NF-κB and MAP kinase activation or in the induction of apoptotic death.
FIGURE 7-24 Signaling through the TNF receptor can result in NF-κB and MAP kinase activation or in the induction of apoptotic death.
Latent membrane protein 1 of EBV Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
Latent membrane protein 1 of EBV Trigger B cell prolifertion Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
Latent membrane protein 1 of EBV Trigger B cell prolifertion Lymphoma Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses to protein antigens • The Sequence of Events During T Cell–Dependent Antibody Responses • Initial Activation and Migration of Helper B Cells and T Cells • Antigen Presentation by B Cells and the Hapten- Carrier Effect • Role of CD40L:CD40 Interaction in T-Dependent B Cell Activation • Extrafollicular B Cell Activation • The Germinal Center Reaction
Extrafollicular B Cell Activation • Provides an early antibody response to protein antigens • Produce low-affinity antibodies that can circulate and limit the spread of an infection • Sets up the formation of the more slowly developing but more effective germinal center response Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
Extrafollicular B Cell Activation • Helps generate follicular helper T cells (TFH cells) that migrate into the follicle • The antibody-secreting cells that are generated in extrafollicular foci, including 1.Circulating plasmablasts 2.Tissue plasma cells Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses to protein antigens • The Sequence of Events During T Cell–Dependent Antibody Responses • Initial Activation and Migration of Helper B Cells and T Cells • Antigen Presentation by B Cells and the Hapten- Carrier Effect • Role of CD40L:CD40 Interaction in T-Dependent B Cell Activation • Extrafollicular B Cell Activation • The Germinal Center Reaction
FIGURE 12-11 Germinal centers in secondary lymphoid organs. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-12 The germinal center reaction in a lymph node. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-12 The germinal center reaction in a lymph node. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-12 The germinal center reaction in a lymph node. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-12 The germinal center reaction in a lymph node. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-12 The germinal center reaction in a lymph node. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses to protein antigens • The Induction of Follicular Helper T Cells • Heavy Chain Isotype (Class) Switching • Affinity Maturation: Somatic Mutation of Ig Genes and Selection of High-Affinity B Cells • B Cell Differentiation into Antibody-Secreting Plasma Cells • Generation of Memory B Cells • Role of Transcriptional Regulators in Determining the Fate of Activated B Cells
FIGURE 12-13 Molecular events in follicular helper T cell generation. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-13 Molecular events in follicular helper T cell generation. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-13 Molecular events in follicular helper T cell generation. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-13 Molecular events in follicular helper T cell generation. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
Follicular helper T cell • Secrete cytokines 1. IL-21 2. IFN-γ 3. IL-4 4. Low levels of IL-17 all of these cytokines participate in isotype switching
Interleukine-21 • Required for germinal center development • Contributes to the generation of plasma cells in the germinal center reaction • Facilitates germinal center B cell selection events and the differentiation of activated B cells into plasmablasts Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses to protein antigens • The Induction of Follicular Helper T Cells • Heavy Chain Isotype (Class) Switching • Affinity Maturation: Somatic Mutation of Ig Genes and Selection of High-Affinity B Cells • B Cell Differentiation into Antibody-Secreting Plasma Cells • Generation of Memory B Cells • Role of Transcriptional Regulators in Determining the Fate of Activated B Cells
FIGURE 12-14 Ig heavy chain isotype switching. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-14 Ig heavy chain isotype switching. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-14 Ig heavy chain isotype switching. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
Selective deficiency of IgA production • Inherit mutant versions of the TACI gene, which encodes a receptor for cytokines of the TNF family, BAFF and APRIL. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
Figure 3-9 Diagram of human immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination from IgM or IgD expression to IgE. Jelinek DF.,Li JT. Middleton's Allergy ; 8th edition. 2014. p. 30-44
Figure 3-9 Diagram of human immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination from IgM or IgD expression to IgE. Jelinek DF.,Li JT. Middleton's Allergy ; 8th edition. 2014. p. 30-44
Figure 3-9 Diagram of human immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination from IgM or IgD expression to IgE. Jelinek DF.,Li JT. Middleton's Allergy ; 8th edition. 2014. p. 30-44
Figure 3-9 Diagram of human immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination from IgM or IgD expression to IgE. Jelinek DF.,Li JT. Middleton's Allergy ; 8th edition. 2014. p. 30-44
Figure 3-9 Diagram of human immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination from IgM or IgD expression to IgE. Jelinek DF.,Li JT. Middleton's Allergy ; 8th edition. 2014. p. 30-44
Figure 3-9 Diagram of human immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination from IgM or IgD expression to IgE. Jelinek DF.,Li JT. Middleton's Allergy ; 8th edition. 2014. p. 30-44
Figure 3-9 Diagram of human immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination from IgM or IgD expression to IgE. Jelinek DF.,Li JT. Middleton's Allergy ; 8th edition. 2014. p. 30-44
Figure 3-9 Diagram of human immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination from IgM or IgD expression to IgE. Jelinek DF.,Li JT. Middleton's Allergy ; 8th edition. 2014. p. 30-44
Figure 3-9 Diagram of human immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination from IgM or IgD expression to IgE. Jelinek DF.,Li JT. Middleton's Allergy ; 8th edition. 2014. p. 30-44
Figure 3-9 Diagram of human immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination from IgM or IgD expression to IgE. Jelinek DF.,Li JT. Middleton's Allergy ; 8th edition. 2014. p. 30-44
Figure 3-9 Diagram of human immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination from IgM or IgD expression to IgE. Jelinek DF.,Li JT. Middleton's Allergy ; 8th edition. 2014. p. 30-44
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses to protein antigens • The Induction of Follicular Helper T Cells • Heavy Chain Isotype (Class) Switching • Affinity Maturation: Somatic Mutation of Ig Genes and Selection of High-Affinity B Cells • B Cell Differentiation into Antibody-Secreting Plasma Cells • Generation of Memory B Cells • Role of Transcriptional Regulators in Determining the Fate of Activated B Cells
Affinity Maturation: Somatic Mutation of Ig Genes and Selection of High-Affinity B Cells • First : Clustered in the V regions : Mostly in -binding CDR • Second : More mutations in IgG than in IgM • Third : Correlates with increasing affinities of the AB for the Ag that induced the response. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-17 An overview of affinity maturation. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-19 B cell selection in germinal centers.
Selection of High-Affinity B Cells • First :Antigen recognition by itself induces expression of anti- apoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family. • Second :High-affinity B cells will preferentially endocytose --> --> Present antigen --> Interact with the limiting numbers of TFH --> Signal via CD40L --> Promote the survival of the B cells • Third :Some TFH cells express Fas ligand Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses to protein antigens • The Induction of Follicular Helper T Cells • Heavy Chain Isotype (Class) Switching • Affinity Maturation: Somatic Mutation of Ig Genes and Selection of High-Affinity B Cells • B Cell Differentiation into Antibody-Secreting Plasma Cells • Generation of Memory B Cells • Role of Transcriptional Regulators in Determining the Fate of Activated B Cells
B Cell Differentiation into Antibody- Secreting Plasma Cells Short-lived plasma cells • Generated during T- independent responses and early during T cell dependent responses in extrafollicular B cell foci • Found in secondary lymphoid organs and in peripheral non-lymphoid tissues. Long-lived plasma cells • Generated in T-dependent germinal center responses to protein antigens • Signals from the B cell antigen receptor and IL-21 cooperate in the generation of plasma cells and their precursors, called plasmablasts. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 2-8 Morphology of plasma cells. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses to protein antigens • The Induction of Follicular Helper T Cells • Heavy Chain Isotype (Class) Switching • Affinity Maturation: Somatic Mutation of Ig Genes and Selection of High-Affinity B Cells • B Cell Differentiation into Antibody-Secreting Plasma Cells • Generation of Memory B Cells • Role of Transcriptional Regulators in Determining the Fate of Activated B Cells
Generation of Memory B Cells • Generated during the germinal center reaction and are capable of making rapid responses to subsequent introduction of antigen. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses to protein antigens • The Induction of Follicular Helper T Cells • Heavy Chain Isotype (Class) Switching • Affinity Maturation: Somatic Mutation of Ig Genes and Selection of High-Affinity B Cells • B Cell Differentiation into Antibody-Secreting Plasma Cells • Generation of Memory B Cells • Role of Transcriptional Regulators in Determining the Fate of Activated B Cells
Role of Transcriptional Regulators in Determining the Fate of Activated B Cells • Bcl-6 • Blimp-1 • IRF4 Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
Outlines • Overview of humoral immune responses • Antigen recognition and antigen induced B cell activation • Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses to protein antigens • Antibody responses to T-independent antigens
Antibody responses to T-independent antigens • Subsets of B Cells That Respond to T Independent Antigens • Mechanisms of T-Independent Antibody Responses • Protection Mediated by T-Independent Antibodies
FIGURE 12-3 Distinct B cell subsets mediate different types of antibody responses. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
FIGURE 12-3 Distinct B cell subsets mediate different types of antibody responses. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
Antibody responses to T-independent antigens • Subsets of B Cells That Respond to T Independent Antigens • Mechanisms of T-Independent Antibody Responses • Protection Mediated by T-Independent Antibodies
Mechanisms of T-Independent Antibody Responses • T-independent antigens are capable of stimulating B cell proliferation and differentiation in the absence of T cell help • Most important TI antigens are :Polysaccharides :Glycolipids :Nucleic acids Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
Antibody responses to T-independent antigens • Subsets of B Cells That Respond to T Independent Antigens • Mechanisms of T-Independent Antibody Responses • Protection Mediated by T-Independent Antibodies
Protection Mediated by T Independent Antibodies • Bacterial cell wall polysaccharides • Natural antibodies Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
Natural antibodies • Low-affinity anti-carbohydrate antibodies • Postulated to be produced by 1.Peritoneal B-1 cells 2.Marginal zone B cells in the spleen • Protection against bacterial infections &Facilitate phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. • Anti-ABO blood group antibodies Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
Thank You

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B cell activations

  • 2. Outlines • Overview of humoral immune responses • Antigen recognition and antigen induced B cell activation • Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses to protein antigens • Antibody responses to T-independent antigens
  • 3. Outlines • Overview of humoral immune responses • Antigen recognition and antigen induced B cell activation • Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses to protein antigens • Antibody responses to T-independent antigens
  • 4. FIGURE 12-1 Phases of the humoral immune response. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 5. FIGURE 12-1 Phases of the humoral immune response. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 6. FIGURE 12-1 Phases of the humoral immune response. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 7. FIGURE 12-1 Phases of the humoral immune response. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 8. FIGURE 12-1 Phases of the humoral immune response. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 9. FIGURE 12-1 Phases of the humoral immune response. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 10. FIGURE 12-1 Phases of the humoral immune response. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 11. FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune responses. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 12. FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune responses. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 13. FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune responses. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 14. FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune responses. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 15. FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune responses. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 16. FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune responses. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 17. FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune responses. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 18. FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune responses. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 19. FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune responses. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 20. FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune responses. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 21. FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune responses. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 22. FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune responses. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 23. FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune responses. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 24. FIGURE 12-3 Distinct B cell subsets mediate different types of antibody responses. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 25. FIGURE 12-3 Distinct B cell subsets mediate different types of antibody responses. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 26. FIGURE 12-3 Distinct B cell subsets mediate different types of antibody responses. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 27. Outlines • Overview of humoral immune responses • Antigen recognition and antigen induced B cell activation • Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses to protein antigens • Antibody responses to T-independent antigens
  • 28. Antigen recognition and antigen induced B cell activation • Antigen Capture and Delivery to B Cells • Activation of B Cells by Antigens and Other Signals • Functional Responses of B Cells to Antigens
  • 29. FIGURE 12-4 Pathways of antigen delivery to follicular B cells. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 30. FIGURE 12-4 Pathways of antigen delivery to follicular B cells. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 31. FIGURE 12-4 Pathways of antigen delivery to follicular B cells. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 32. FIGURE 12-4 Pathways of antigen delivery to follicular B cells. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 33. FIGURE 12-4 Pathways of antigen delivery to follicular B cells. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 34. FIGURE 12-4 Pathways of antigen delivery to follicular B cells. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 35. Antigen recognition and antigen induced B cell activation • Antigen Capture and Delivery to B Cells • Activation of B Cells by Antigens and Other Signals • Functional Responses of B Cells to Antigens
  • 36. FIGURE 7-18 B cell antigen receptor complex.. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 37. FIGURE 7-18 B cell antigen receptor complex.. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 38. FIGURE 7-18 B cell antigen receptor complex.. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 39. FIGURE 7-19 Signal transduction by the BCR complex. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 40. FIGURE 7-19 Signal transduction by the BCR complex. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 41. FIGURE 7-19 Signal transduction by the BCR complex. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 42. FIGURE 7-19 Signal transduction by the BCR complex. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 43. FIGURE 7-19 Signal transduction by the BCR complex. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 44. FIGURE 7-19 Signal transduction by the BCR complex. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 45. FIGURE 12-5 Role of CR2 and Toll-like receptors in B cell activation. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 46. FIGURE 12-5 Role of CR2 and Toll-like receptors in B cell activation. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 47. FIGURE 12-5 Role of CR2 and Toll-like receptors in B cell activation. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 48. FIGURE 12-5 Role of CR2 and Toll-like receptors in B cell activation. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 49. FIGURE 12-5 Role of CR2 and Toll-like receptors in B cell activation. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 50. FIGURE 12-5 Role of CR2 and Toll-like receptors in B cell activation. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 51. FIGURE 12-5 Role of CR2 and Toll-like receptors in B cell activation. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 52. FIGURE 12-5 Role of CR2 and Toll-like receptors in B cell activation. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 53. FIGURE 12-5 Role of CR2 and Toll-like receptors in B cell activation. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 54. Antigen recognition and antigen induced B cell activation • Antigen Capture and Delivery to B Cells • Activation of B Cells by Antigens and Other Signals • Functional Responses of B Cells to Antigens
  • 55. FIGURE 12-6 Functional responses induced by antigen- mediated cross-linking of the BCR complex.
  • 56. FIGURE 12-6 Functional responses induced by antigen- mediated cross-linking of the BCR complex.
  • 57. FIGURE 12-6 Functional responses induced by antigen- mediated cross-linking of the BCR complex.
  • 58. FIGURE 12-6 Functional responses induced by antigen- mediated cross-linking of the BCR complex.
  • 59. FIGURE 12-6 Functional responses induced by antigen- mediated cross-linking of the BCR complex.
  • 60. FIGURE 12-6 Functional responses induced by antigen- mediated cross-linking of the BCR complex.
  • 61. FIGURE 12-6 Functional responses induced by antigen- mediated cross-linking of the BCR complex.
  • 62. Outlines • Overview of humoral immune responses • Antigen recognition and antigen induced B cell activation • Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses to protein antigens • Antibody responses to T-independent antigens
  • 63. Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses to protein antigens • The Sequence of Events During T Cell–Dependent Antibody Responses • Initial Activation and Migration of Helper B Cells and T Cells • Antigen Presentation by B Cells and the Hapten- Carrier Effect • Role of CD40L:CD40 Interaction in T-Dependent B Cell Activation • Extrafollicular B Cell Activation • The Germinal Center Reaction
  • 64. Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses to protein antigens • The Sequence of Events During T Cell–Dependent Antibody Responses • Initial Activation and Migration of Helper B Cells and T Cells • Antigen Presentation by B Cells and the Hapten- Carrier Effect • Role of CD40L:CD40 Interaction in T-Dependent B Cell Activation • Extrafollicular B Cell Activation • The Germinal Center Reaction
  • 65. FIGURE 12-7 Sequence of events in humoral immune responses to T cell–dependent protein antigens. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 66. FIGURE 12-7 Sequence of events in humoral immune responses to T cell–dependent protein antigens. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 67. FIGURE 12-7 Sequence of events in humoral immune responses to T cell–dependent protein antigens. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 68. FIGURE 12-7 Sequence of events in humoral immune responses to T cell–dependent protein antigens.
  • 69. Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses to protein antigens • The Sequence of Events During T Cell–Dependent Antibody Responses • Initial Activation and Migration of Helper B Cells and T Cells • Antigen Presentation by B Cells and the Hapten- Carrier Effect • Role of CD40L:CD40 Interaction in T-Dependent B Cell Activation • Extrafollicular B Cell Activation • The Germinal Center Reaction
  • 70. FIGURE 12-8 Migration of B cells and helper T cells and T-B interaction. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 71. FIGURE 12-8 Migration of B cells and helper T cells and T-B interaction. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 72. FIGURE 12-8 Migration of B cells and helper T cells and T-B interaction. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 73. Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses to protein antigens • The Sequence of Events During T Cell–Dependent Antibody Responses • Initial Activation and Migration of Helper B Cells and T Cells • Antigen Presentation by B Cells and the Hapten- Carrier Effect • Role of CD40L:CD40 Interaction in T-Dependent B Cell Activation • Extrafollicular B Cell Activation • The Germinal Center Reaction
  • 74. FIGURE 12-9 Antigen presentation on B cells to helper T cells. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 75. FIGURE 12-9 Antigen presentation on B cells to helper T cells. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 76. FIGURE 12-9 Antigen presentation on B cells to helper T cells. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 77. FIGURE 12-9 Antigen presentation on B cells to helper T cells. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 78. FIGURE 12-9 Antigen presentation on B cells to helper T cells. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 79. Hapten-carrier effect • First : Hapten-specific B cells : Protein (carrier)–specific helper T cells • Second : Hapten & carrier portions :physically linked • Third : Interaction is class II MHC restricted Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 80. Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses to protein antigens • The Sequence of Events During T Cell–Dependent Antibody Responses • Initial Activation and Migration of Helper B Cells and T Cells • Antigen Presentation by B Cells and the Hapten- Carrier Effect • Role of CD40L:CD40 Interaction in T-Dependent B Cell Activation • Extrafollicular B Cell Activation • The Germinal Center Reaction
  • 81. FIGURE 12-10 Mechanisms of helper T cell–mediated B cell activation.
  • 82. FIGURE 12-10 Mechanisms of helper T cell–mediated B cell activation.
  • 83. FIGURE 7-24 Signaling through the TNF receptor can result in NF-κB and MAP kinase activation or in the induction of apoptotic death.
  • 84. FIGURE 7-24 Signaling through the TNF receptor can result in NF-κB and MAP kinase activation or in the induction of apoptotic death.
  • 85. FIGURE 7-24 Signaling through the TNF receptor can result in NF-κB and MAP kinase activation or in the induction of apoptotic death.
  • 86. FIGURE 7-24 Signaling through the TNF receptor can result in NF-κB and MAP kinase activation or in the induction of apoptotic death.
  • 87. Latent membrane protein 1 of EBV Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 88. Latent membrane protein 1 of EBV Trigger B cell prolifertion Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 89. Latent membrane protein 1 of EBV Trigger B cell prolifertion Lymphoma Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 90. Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses to protein antigens • The Sequence of Events During T Cell–Dependent Antibody Responses • Initial Activation and Migration of Helper B Cells and T Cells • Antigen Presentation by B Cells and the Hapten- Carrier Effect • Role of CD40L:CD40 Interaction in T-Dependent B Cell Activation • Extrafollicular B Cell Activation • The Germinal Center Reaction
  • 91. Extrafollicular B Cell Activation • Provides an early antibody response to protein antigens • Produce low-affinity antibodies that can circulate and limit the spread of an infection • Sets up the formation of the more slowly developing but more effective germinal center response Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 92. Extrafollicular B Cell Activation • Helps generate follicular helper T cells (TFH cells) that migrate into the follicle • The antibody-secreting cells that are generated in extrafollicular foci, including 1.Circulating plasmablasts 2.Tissue plasma cells Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 93. Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses to protein antigens • The Sequence of Events During T Cell–Dependent Antibody Responses • Initial Activation and Migration of Helper B Cells and T Cells • Antigen Presentation by B Cells and the Hapten- Carrier Effect • Role of CD40L:CD40 Interaction in T-Dependent B Cell Activation • Extrafollicular B Cell Activation • The Germinal Center Reaction
  • 94. FIGURE 12-11 Germinal centers in secondary lymphoid organs. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 95. FIGURE 12-12 The germinal center reaction in a lymph node. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 96. FIGURE 12-12 The germinal center reaction in a lymph node. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 97. FIGURE 12-12 The germinal center reaction in a lymph node. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 98. FIGURE 12-12 The germinal center reaction in a lymph node. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 99. FIGURE 12-12 The germinal center reaction in a lymph node. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 100. Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses to protein antigens • The Induction of Follicular Helper T Cells • Heavy Chain Isotype (Class) Switching • Affinity Maturation: Somatic Mutation of Ig Genes and Selection of High-Affinity B Cells • B Cell Differentiation into Antibody-Secreting Plasma Cells • Generation of Memory B Cells • Role of Transcriptional Regulators in Determining the Fate of Activated B Cells
  • 101. FIGURE 12-13 Molecular events in follicular helper T cell generation. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 102. FIGURE 12-13 Molecular events in follicular helper T cell generation. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 103. FIGURE 12-13 Molecular events in follicular helper T cell generation. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 104. FIGURE 12-13 Molecular events in follicular helper T cell generation. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 105. Follicular helper T cell • Secrete cytokines 1. IL-21 2. IFN-γ 3. IL-4 4. Low levels of IL-17 all of these cytokines participate in isotype switching
  • 106. Interleukine-21 • Required for germinal center development • Contributes to the generation of plasma cells in the germinal center reaction • Facilitates germinal center B cell selection events and the differentiation of activated B cells into plasmablasts Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 107. Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses to protein antigens • The Induction of Follicular Helper T Cells • Heavy Chain Isotype (Class) Switching • Affinity Maturation: Somatic Mutation of Ig Genes and Selection of High-Affinity B Cells • B Cell Differentiation into Antibody-Secreting Plasma Cells • Generation of Memory B Cells • Role of Transcriptional Regulators in Determining the Fate of Activated B Cells
  • 108. FIGURE 12-14 Ig heavy chain isotype switching. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 109. FIGURE 12-14 Ig heavy chain isotype switching. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 110. FIGURE 12-14 Ig heavy chain isotype switching. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 111. Selective deficiency of IgA production • Inherit mutant versions of the TACI gene, which encodes a receptor for cytokines of the TNF family, BAFF and APRIL. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 112. Figure 3-9 Diagram of human immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination from IgM or IgD expression to IgE. Jelinek DF.,Li JT. Middleton's Allergy ; 8th edition. 2014. p. 30-44
  • 113. Figure 3-9 Diagram of human immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination from IgM or IgD expression to IgE. Jelinek DF.,Li JT. Middleton's Allergy ; 8th edition. 2014. p. 30-44
  • 114. Figure 3-9 Diagram of human immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination from IgM or IgD expression to IgE. Jelinek DF.,Li JT. Middleton's Allergy ; 8th edition. 2014. p. 30-44
  • 115. Figure 3-9 Diagram of human immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination from IgM or IgD expression to IgE. Jelinek DF.,Li JT. Middleton's Allergy ; 8th edition. 2014. p. 30-44
  • 116. Figure 3-9 Diagram of human immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination from IgM or IgD expression to IgE. Jelinek DF.,Li JT. Middleton's Allergy ; 8th edition. 2014. p. 30-44
  • 117. Figure 3-9 Diagram of human immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination from IgM or IgD expression to IgE. Jelinek DF.,Li JT. Middleton's Allergy ; 8th edition. 2014. p. 30-44
  • 118. Figure 3-9 Diagram of human immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination from IgM or IgD expression to IgE. Jelinek DF.,Li JT. Middleton's Allergy ; 8th edition. 2014. p. 30-44
  • 119. Figure 3-9 Diagram of human immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination from IgM or IgD expression to IgE. Jelinek DF.,Li JT. Middleton's Allergy ; 8th edition. 2014. p. 30-44
  • 120. Figure 3-9 Diagram of human immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination from IgM or IgD expression to IgE. Jelinek DF.,Li JT. Middleton's Allergy ; 8th edition. 2014. p. 30-44
  • 121. Figure 3-9 Diagram of human immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination from IgM or IgD expression to IgE. Jelinek DF.,Li JT. Middleton's Allergy ; 8th edition. 2014. p. 30-44
  • 122. Figure 3-9 Diagram of human immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination from IgM or IgD expression to IgE. Jelinek DF.,Li JT. Middleton's Allergy ; 8th edition. 2014. p. 30-44
  • 123. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 124. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 125. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 126. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 127. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 128. Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses to protein antigens • The Induction of Follicular Helper T Cells • Heavy Chain Isotype (Class) Switching • Affinity Maturation: Somatic Mutation of Ig Genes and Selection of High-Affinity B Cells • B Cell Differentiation into Antibody-Secreting Plasma Cells • Generation of Memory B Cells • Role of Transcriptional Regulators in Determining the Fate of Activated B Cells
  • 129. Affinity Maturation: Somatic Mutation of Ig Genes and Selection of High-Affinity B Cells • First : Clustered in the V regions : Mostly in -binding CDR • Second : More mutations in IgG than in IgM • Third : Correlates with increasing affinities of the AB for the Ag that induced the response. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 130. FIGURE 12-17 An overview of affinity maturation. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 131. FIGURE 12-19 B cell selection in germinal centers.
  • 132. Selection of High-Affinity B Cells • First :Antigen recognition by itself induces expression of anti- apoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family. • Second :High-affinity B cells will preferentially endocytose --> --> Present antigen --> Interact with the limiting numbers of TFH --> Signal via CD40L --> Promote the survival of the B cells • Third :Some TFH cells express Fas ligand Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 133. Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses to protein antigens • The Induction of Follicular Helper T Cells • Heavy Chain Isotype (Class) Switching • Affinity Maturation: Somatic Mutation of Ig Genes and Selection of High-Affinity B Cells • B Cell Differentiation into Antibody-Secreting Plasma Cells • Generation of Memory B Cells • Role of Transcriptional Regulators in Determining the Fate of Activated B Cells
  • 134. B Cell Differentiation into Antibody- Secreting Plasma Cells Short-lived plasma cells • Generated during T- independent responses and early during T cell dependent responses in extrafollicular B cell foci • Found in secondary lymphoid organs and in peripheral non-lymphoid tissues. Long-lived plasma cells • Generated in T-dependent germinal center responses to protein antigens • Signals from the B cell antigen receptor and IL-21 cooperate in the generation of plasma cells and their precursors, called plasmablasts. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 135. FIGURE 2-8 Morphology of plasma cells. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 136. Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses to protein antigens • The Induction of Follicular Helper T Cells • Heavy Chain Isotype (Class) Switching • Affinity Maturation: Somatic Mutation of Ig Genes and Selection of High-Affinity B Cells • B Cell Differentiation into Antibody-Secreting Plasma Cells • Generation of Memory B Cells • Role of Transcriptional Regulators in Determining the Fate of Activated B Cells
  • 137. Generation of Memory B Cells • Generated during the germinal center reaction and are capable of making rapid responses to subsequent introduction of antigen. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 138. Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses to protein antigens • The Induction of Follicular Helper T Cells • Heavy Chain Isotype (Class) Switching • Affinity Maturation: Somatic Mutation of Ig Genes and Selection of High-Affinity B Cells • B Cell Differentiation into Antibody-Secreting Plasma Cells • Generation of Memory B Cells • Role of Transcriptional Regulators in Determining the Fate of Activated B Cells
  • 139. Role of Transcriptional Regulators in Determining the Fate of Activated B Cells • Bcl-6 • Blimp-1 • IRF4 Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 140. Outlines • Overview of humoral immune responses • Antigen recognition and antigen induced B cell activation • Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses to protein antigens • Antibody responses to T-independent antigens
  • 141. Antibody responses to T-independent antigens • Subsets of B Cells That Respond to T Independent Antigens • Mechanisms of T-Independent Antibody Responses • Protection Mediated by T-Independent Antibodies
  • 142. FIGURE 12-3 Distinct B cell subsets mediate different types of antibody responses. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 143. FIGURE 12-3 Distinct B cell subsets mediate different types of antibody responses. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 144. Antibody responses to T-independent antigens • Subsets of B Cells That Respond to T Independent Antigens • Mechanisms of T-Independent Antibody Responses • Protection Mediated by T-Independent Antibodies
  • 145. Mechanisms of T-Independent Antibody Responses • T-independent antigens are capable of stimulating B cell proliferation and differentiation in the absence of T cell help • Most important TI antigens are :Polysaccharides :Glycolipids :Nucleic acids Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 146. Antibody responses to T-independent antigens • Subsets of B Cells That Respond to T Independent Antigens • Mechanisms of T-Independent Antibody Responses • Protection Mediated by T-Independent Antibodies
  • 147. Protection Mediated by T Independent Antibodies • Bacterial cell wall polysaccharides • Natural antibodies Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 148. Natural antibodies • Low-affinity anti-carbohydrate antibodies • Postulated to be produced by 1.Peritoneal B-1 cells 2.Marginal zone B cells in the spleen • Protection against bacterial infections &Facilitate phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. • Anti-ABO blood group antibodies Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
  • 149. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.