Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Citrullus colocynthis & its Pharmacognocy
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
3 likes•2,272 views
This document summarizes information about the bitter apple plant, whose Sanskrit name is Indravaruni. It describes the plant's classification, names in various languages, physical characteristics, major chemical constituents, therapeutic properties, uses to treat certain diseases, important preparations, dosage, and contraindications. Its fruit, bark, and root are used to treat conditions like pitta disorders, bleeding disorders, swelling, liver problems, and more. The root can be used soaking in cow urine to treat hair loss and mixed in cow urine for throat infections.
Report
Share
Report
Share
![ Classical categorization :-
Birechan, mulini.(c.) adhovag-
har, shyamadi.(su.) shyamadi.(v.)
Latin Name:- Citrullus colocynthis
Family Name:- Cucurbitaceae.-sf]zftsL s'n
_
Sanskrit Name:-
Indravaruni, gawakshi, chitra.
Nepali Name:- OGb|]0fL
English Name:- Colocynth or bitter apple.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/indravaruni-140409230323-phpapp02/85/Ayurvedic-Pharmacology-of-Citrullus-colocynthis-its-Pharmacognocy-1-320.jpg)
Recommended
Tamarindus indica (Tamarind)
Tamarind is a plant with various parts that are used in herbal medicine. It contains organic acids, vitamins, minerals, fats, and other compounds. Its uses include as a laxative, for weight loss, and as an antioxidant. It has anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-viral properties. Tamarind can interact with anti-diabetic drugs and blood glucose levels, so monitoring is recommended when using it. Potential side effects include increased bleeding risk when combined with other drugs and lowering blood sugar levels.
Ashoka
Ashoka is the dried stem bark of the Saraca indica Linn plant. It contains condensed tannins, which lack sugar and do not hydrolyze. The bark is collected through incisions from trees found in South and Southeast Asia up to elevations of 750m. Microscopically, the bark shows stone cells and sclerenchymatous patches. Chemically, it contains condensed tannins, hematoxylin, ketosterol, saponin, and calcium compounds. Ashoka has uses as a uterine tonic to stimulate contractions and is used to treat uterine bleeding and menorrhagia.
Cinchona bark
Cinchona is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae containing at least 23 species of trees and shrubs. They are native to the tropical Andean forests of western South America. A few species are reportedly naturalized in Central America, Jamaica, French Polynesia, Sulawesi, Saint Helena in the South Atlantic,The coast of tropical Africa. Several species were sought after for their medicinal value and cultivated in India and Java where they also formed hybrids. The barks of several species yield quinine and other alkaloids that were the only effective treatments against malaria during the height of colonialism which made them of great economic and political importance. The synthesis of quinine in 1944, an increase in resistant forms of malaria, and alternate therapies ended the large-scale economic interest in their cultivation. Academic interest continues as cinchona alkaloids show promise in treating falciparum malaria which has evolved resistance to synthetic drugs.
An Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Terminalia arjuna & its Pharmacognocy
The document summarizes information about the Terminalia arjuna tree. It describes the tree as a large evergreen that can grow up to 80 feet tall, with simple, sub-opposite leaves. The bark is red in color. It flowers in summer and the fruits ripe in winter or spring. The tree is planted in tropical regions and its bark contains compounds such as β-sitosterol, ellagic acid, arjunic acid, and a glucoside called arjunetin.
Punarnava
Punarnava is a controversial plant. I mention some important parts of it. Punarnava has different types of variety and origin. Punarnava is the best plant for rejuvenation.
Kantakari , karkkatashringi, kapikachhu , karpura
This document provides details about four medicinal plants - Karkatashringi, Kapikacchu, Kantakari, and Karpura.
For each plant, it describes the botanical name, family, synonyms, mentions in Ayurvedic texts, morphology, chemical constituents, self-study tasks, dosage, and important formulations. Key information includes the uses of Karkatashringi galls and Kapikacchu seeds and pod hairs, the eight varieties of Kantakari, and camphor as the main constituent of Karpura niryasa. The document aims to equip BAMS students with details about these four Dravyas referenced in Ayurved
Guggal(Pharmacognosy)
Resin occurs as rounded masses or tears that are nearly transparent and moist when fresh. It burns in fire and melts in the sun. Resin has a golden, pale yellow, or dull brown color with a fragrant and balsamic odor and bitter and aromatic taste. It is partly soluble in alcohol and hot ethyl acetate. Some medicinal uses of resin include treatments for heart disease, gout, spondilytis, various infections, infective hepatitis, and as an acute viral infection remedy and hypocholesteremic and hypolipidemic.
17 crataeva nurvala(siplican)
Medicinal value of plant Crataeva nurvala including its nomenclature, habit and habitat, cultivation and collection, Macro and Microscopic characteristics, phytochemical constituents and its pharmacological action.
Recommended
Tamarindus indica (Tamarind)
Tamarind is a plant with various parts that are used in herbal medicine. It contains organic acids, vitamins, minerals, fats, and other compounds. Its uses include as a laxative, for weight loss, and as an antioxidant. It has anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-viral properties. Tamarind can interact with anti-diabetic drugs and blood glucose levels, so monitoring is recommended when using it. Potential side effects include increased bleeding risk when combined with other drugs and lowering blood sugar levels.
Ashoka
Ashoka is the dried stem bark of the Saraca indica Linn plant. It contains condensed tannins, which lack sugar and do not hydrolyze. The bark is collected through incisions from trees found in South and Southeast Asia up to elevations of 750m. Microscopically, the bark shows stone cells and sclerenchymatous patches. Chemically, it contains condensed tannins, hematoxylin, ketosterol, saponin, and calcium compounds. Ashoka has uses as a uterine tonic to stimulate contractions and is used to treat uterine bleeding and menorrhagia.
Cinchona bark
Cinchona is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae containing at least 23 species of trees and shrubs. They are native to the tropical Andean forests of western South America. A few species are reportedly naturalized in Central America, Jamaica, French Polynesia, Sulawesi, Saint Helena in the South Atlantic,The coast of tropical Africa. Several species were sought after for their medicinal value and cultivated in India and Java where they also formed hybrids. The barks of several species yield quinine and other alkaloids that were the only effective treatments against malaria during the height of colonialism which made them of great economic and political importance. The synthesis of quinine in 1944, an increase in resistant forms of malaria, and alternate therapies ended the large-scale economic interest in their cultivation. Academic interest continues as cinchona alkaloids show promise in treating falciparum malaria which has evolved resistance to synthetic drugs.
An Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Terminalia arjuna & its Pharmacognocy
The document summarizes information about the Terminalia arjuna tree. It describes the tree as a large evergreen that can grow up to 80 feet tall, with simple, sub-opposite leaves. The bark is red in color. It flowers in summer and the fruits ripe in winter or spring. The tree is planted in tropical regions and its bark contains compounds such as β-sitosterol, ellagic acid, arjunic acid, and a glucoside called arjunetin.
Punarnava
Punarnava is a controversial plant. I mention some important parts of it. Punarnava has different types of variety and origin. Punarnava is the best plant for rejuvenation.
Kantakari , karkkatashringi, kapikachhu , karpura
This document provides details about four medicinal plants - Karkatashringi, Kapikacchu, Kantakari, and Karpura.
For each plant, it describes the botanical name, family, synonyms, mentions in Ayurvedic texts, morphology, chemical constituents, self-study tasks, dosage, and important formulations. Key information includes the uses of Karkatashringi galls and Kapikacchu seeds and pod hairs, the eight varieties of Kantakari, and camphor as the main constituent of Karpura niryasa. The document aims to equip BAMS students with details about these four Dravyas referenced in Ayurved
Guggal(Pharmacognosy)
Resin occurs as rounded masses or tears that are nearly transparent and moist when fresh. It burns in fire and melts in the sun. Resin has a golden, pale yellow, or dull brown color with a fragrant and balsamic odor and bitter and aromatic taste. It is partly soluble in alcohol and hot ethyl acetate. Some medicinal uses of resin include treatments for heart disease, gout, spondilytis, various infections, infective hepatitis, and as an acute viral infection remedy and hypocholesteremic and hypolipidemic.
17 crataeva nurvala(siplican)
Medicinal value of plant Crataeva nurvala including its nomenclature, habit and habitat, cultivation and collection, Macro and Microscopic characteristics, phytochemical constituents and its pharmacological action.
Apmarg.ppt
1) Apmarg is the vernacular name for Achyranthes aspera, a plant in the amaranth family whose dried whole plant is used medicinally.
2) The plant has tap roots, erect branching stems, opposite leaves with wavy margins, and small greenish-white flowers arranged in long spikes.
3) It contains various alkaloids, saponins, ecdysterone, fatty acids, and sugars.
Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Terminalia chebula & its Pharmacognocy
Terminalia chebula (haritaki) is a moderate sized tree found in Nepal between 150-1100m altitude. It has several medicinal uses in Ayurveda due to compounds like chebulic acid. It is tridosha shamak but mainly vata shamak. Externally it is used for wounds and internally for digestion, liver, heart, nerves. Different preparations are used for various diseases. The dosage is typically 3-6g and it can be combined with substances like salt, sugar or ghee based on the dosha addressed.
National institutions of ayurveda
This document summarizes several national institutions of Ayurveda in India. It discusses the National Institute of Ayurveda in Jaipur, which was established in 1976 to promote Ayurveda through teaching, research, and patient care. It also describes the Institute of Post Graduate Training and Research in Ayurveda in Jamnagar, Gujarat, the department and institutions of Ayurveda at Banaras Hindu University, and the Rashtriya Ayurveda Vidyapeeth which offers advanced courses in Ayurveda. These institutions work to advance education, research, and practice of Ayurveda in India.
23 dactylorhiza hatagirea(pach aunle)
This document provides an overview of Dactylorhiza hatagirea (Panchaunle), including its nomenclature, biological source, habitat, cultivation, microscopic and macroscopic characteristics, chemical constituents, pharmacological actions, and commercial value. The root of D. hatagirea is used as medicine and contains compounds such as dactylosis A and B. It grows in the Himalayas between 2800-4000m and flowers from June to July. Traditionally, it is used as an aphrodisiac, expectorant, and nervine tonic.
Aswagandha.pptx
Plant populations of 166,666 plants/ha (30 x 20 cm spacing) and 200,000 plants/ha (25 x 20 cm spacing) produced the highest dry root yield of Withania somnifera. Irrigation at 40±5% of total available water also increased dry root yield compared to rainfed conditions. Among moisture conservation practices, distillation waste mulch performed best by increasing soil moisture retention. The study evaluated different planting densities, irrigation levels and mulching materials for optimizing productivity and quality of ashwagandha.
Satavari copy - copy
Satavari is an herb known as Asparagus racemosus that grows in tropical regions. It is used in Ayurvedic medicine, particularly for women's health issues like threatened abortion, safe delivery, and as a galactogogue. The root is harvested after 2 years, dried, and used to make infusions, tinctures, or preserves. It contains steroidal saponins that are thought to contribute to its anti-oxytocic and uterine blocking activities valued in Ayurvedic medicine.
Chitrak
The document summarizes information about the herb Chitrak. It discusses that Chitrak is the dried root of the Plumbago zeylanica plant, which is commonly found throughout India. The root is cylindrical, reddish to dark brown in color, and has a pungent taste and disagreeable odor. Chitrak has various medicinal uses including as an antimicrobial, antibacterial, and to treat dysentery, leucoderma, piles, inflammation, and bronchitis. It is also marketed in formulations like Chitrak haritaki for respiratory conditions and Chitrak vati for indigestion.
Guggul
Guggul is a resin extracted from the Commiphora wightii tree through incisions made on the stem. It has a bitter taste and balsamic odor. The resin contains ketonic steroids, gum, volatile oils, and diterpenoids. Guggul has many health benefits and is used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat high cholesterol, obesity, arthritis, and other conditions. The tree is cultivated for its medicinal properties, with commercial cultivation increasing in response to demand for herbal medicines. Proper soil, climate, propagation methods, tapping, and protection from termites are required to successfully cultivate the guggul tree.
Cassia angustifolia (Senna)
Cassia angustifolia, commonly known as senna, is a shrub cultivated in regions near the Arabian peninsula and Nile river. Its dried leaves and pods are used medicinally and contain sennosides, which act as stimulant laxatives by irritating the lining of the intestines and increasing bowel movements. Senna is commonly used as a purgative or cathartic to relieve constipation and cleanse the digestive system, though long term use can cause side effects like diarrhea, weight loss, and electrolyte imbalances. It should be used cautiously by those with gastrointestinal disorders and may interact adversely with certain medications that affect potassium levels or gastrointestinal motility.
Ayurvedic formulation
The document discusses various Ayurvedic dosage forms including solid, semisolid, and liquid forms. It describes the classification and preparation methods of common dosage forms such as churna, gutika, asava, arishta, avaleha, and lehya. The document also covers parameters for standardizing different Ayurvedic formulations to ensure quality, purity, and therapeutic efficacy.
Sitopaladi churna
Sitopaladi Churna is well known Ayurvedic preparation. Sitopaladi mainly used for respiratory problems. Sitopaladi Churna is effective anti-cough formula for all age groups.
Coriandrum sativum (Coriander)
This document summarizes information about Coriandrum Sativum L., commonly known as coriander or cilantro. It contains essential oils such as linalool and fatty oils like oleic acid. Coriander has various pharmacological actions including being aromatic, anti-arthritic, stimulating digestive secretions, and being anti-ulcer, anti-lipidemic, anti-spasmodic, and more. The daily dose is 1-3 grams of powdered seeds or a freshly prepared cup of infusion between meals. Overdose may cause liver damage and skin sensitivity. It should be used cautiously during pregnancy and lactation.
19 picrorhiza scrophulariflora(kutki)
Medicinal value of plant Picrorhiza scrophulariflora including its nomenclature, habit and habitat, cultivation and collection, Macro and Microscopic characteristics, phytochemical constituents and its pharmacological action.
Ammi visnaga
Visnaga consists of the dried ripe fruits of Ammi visnaga Linn, a plant native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa that is cultivated in Egypt and Chile. It has aromatic brown fruits that are 2.25mm in length, 0.7-1.3mm in width, and 0.8-1.1mm in thickness. Visnaga contains furocoumarin and pyranocoumarin derivatives like visnagin and khellin that give it smooth muscle relaxing properties used to treat conditions like asthma, whooping cough, kidney stones, and myocardial damage.
Sneha Kalpana : Its probable co-relation with Liposomal drug delivery System...
this ppt suggests whether liposomal drug delivery System can be Sneha Kalpana?
It is my own opinion. viewers can agree or disagree with my viewpoint..
Dravyaguna Itihasa – Nighantu Parichaya
Nighantus of Ayurveda help in the right identification of the plant species used in treatment. It is essential to understand the basics of the evolution of Dravyaguna right from the Vedic period to the current era for a Materia Medica scholar in the field of Ayurveda.
Shankhpushpi
Shankhpushpi is a perennial herb with blue or white flowers and elliptical leaves arranged alternately on branching stems that grow along the ground up to 30cm long. It is used to treat nervous disorders like insomnia and fatigue by making a decoction with cumin and milk, and also acts as a nerve tonic, fever reducer, and treatment for digestive issues like dysentery and anxiety. Several marketed Ayurvedic products contain Shankhpushpi, including Abana syrup, Shankhpushpi syrup, and various medicinal powders.
Knowledge about various nighantus
This document provides information about various Ayurvedic lexicons or Nighantus. It discusses several important Nighantus including Dhanwantari Nighantu, Sodhala Nighantu, and Hridaya Deepaka Nighantu. Some key points:
- Nighantus are texts that describe synonyms, properties, and uses of medicinal plants and substances in Ayurveda. They help understand the vast knowledge of herbs from ancient India.
- Dhanwantari Nighantu and Sodhala Nighantu are two of the oldest and most important Nighantus. They describe drugs under different groups or Vargas and provide details on taste
Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Celastrus panniculatus & its Pharmacognocy
This document describes the plant Celastrus panniculatus Willd. It is a large climber or shrub with obovate leaves and pale yellow-white flowers. Its seeds and roots contain various chemical constituents. In Ayurveda, it is known as Jyotishmati and is used to improve cognitive abilities, induce sleep, and treat various Vata disorders. It has properties like Tikshna, Katu, and Ushna which allow it to pacify Vata and Kapha doshas. It has wide applications like treating paralysis, arthritis, skin disorders, and as a diuretic and memory enhancer. Its oil is used topically and internally in small doses
Allium sativum (Garlic)
This document summarizes information about the garlic plant. It describes garlic's botanical classification, parts used, and key chemical constituents like allicin. The document outlines garlic's uses as an anti-cancer agent and for treating various respiratory and cardiovascular conditions. It also discusses garlic's dosage, toxicity, administration routes, side effects, drug interactions, contraindications, and references several sources for the information provided.
Antibacterial activity of citrullus colocynthis against different types of ba...
The document summarizes a study that evaluated the antibacterial activity of Citrullus colocynthis (bitter apple) extracts against several pathogenic bacteria. Ethanol and water extracts of C. colocynthis aerial parts and fruits were tested against 7 bacteria using the disc diffusion method. The ethanol extract showed inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus agalactia, while the water extract showed little to no activity. The ethanol extract had inhibitory effects similar to the antibiotic cefotaxime. The results suggest that C. colocynthis extracts could help address drug resistance by providing an alternative to antibiotics.
1st project
The document summarizes the medicinal and insecticidal properties of Citrullus colocynthis (wild watermelon). It details that different plant parts have different medicinal uses, like seeds containing fatty acids and having anti-diabetic effects, fruit pulp being purgative and used to treat various diseases, and leaves exhibiting anti-inflammatory and diuretic properties. Experiments showed that compounds isolated from C. colocynthis have insecticidal effects against the aphid Aphis craccivora. Additional experiments tested antimicrobial activity against various bacteria, finding that extracts from leaves, seeds, and roots inhibited bacterial growth. In conclusion, C. colocynthis shows potential for developing novel drugs and
More Related Content
What's hot
Apmarg.ppt
1) Apmarg is the vernacular name for Achyranthes aspera, a plant in the amaranth family whose dried whole plant is used medicinally.
2) The plant has tap roots, erect branching stems, opposite leaves with wavy margins, and small greenish-white flowers arranged in long spikes.
3) It contains various alkaloids, saponins, ecdysterone, fatty acids, and sugars.
Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Terminalia chebula & its Pharmacognocy
Terminalia chebula (haritaki) is a moderate sized tree found in Nepal between 150-1100m altitude. It has several medicinal uses in Ayurveda due to compounds like chebulic acid. It is tridosha shamak but mainly vata shamak. Externally it is used for wounds and internally for digestion, liver, heart, nerves. Different preparations are used for various diseases. The dosage is typically 3-6g and it can be combined with substances like salt, sugar or ghee based on the dosha addressed.
National institutions of ayurveda
This document summarizes several national institutions of Ayurveda in India. It discusses the National Institute of Ayurveda in Jaipur, which was established in 1976 to promote Ayurveda through teaching, research, and patient care. It also describes the Institute of Post Graduate Training and Research in Ayurveda in Jamnagar, Gujarat, the department and institutions of Ayurveda at Banaras Hindu University, and the Rashtriya Ayurveda Vidyapeeth which offers advanced courses in Ayurveda. These institutions work to advance education, research, and practice of Ayurveda in India.
23 dactylorhiza hatagirea(pach aunle)
This document provides an overview of Dactylorhiza hatagirea (Panchaunle), including its nomenclature, biological source, habitat, cultivation, microscopic and macroscopic characteristics, chemical constituents, pharmacological actions, and commercial value. The root of D. hatagirea is used as medicine and contains compounds such as dactylosis A and B. It grows in the Himalayas between 2800-4000m and flowers from June to July. Traditionally, it is used as an aphrodisiac, expectorant, and nervine tonic.
Aswagandha.pptx
Plant populations of 166,666 plants/ha (30 x 20 cm spacing) and 200,000 plants/ha (25 x 20 cm spacing) produced the highest dry root yield of Withania somnifera. Irrigation at 40±5% of total available water also increased dry root yield compared to rainfed conditions. Among moisture conservation practices, distillation waste mulch performed best by increasing soil moisture retention. The study evaluated different planting densities, irrigation levels and mulching materials for optimizing productivity and quality of ashwagandha.
Satavari copy - copy
Satavari is an herb known as Asparagus racemosus that grows in tropical regions. It is used in Ayurvedic medicine, particularly for women's health issues like threatened abortion, safe delivery, and as a galactogogue. The root is harvested after 2 years, dried, and used to make infusions, tinctures, or preserves. It contains steroidal saponins that are thought to contribute to its anti-oxytocic and uterine blocking activities valued in Ayurvedic medicine.
Chitrak
The document summarizes information about the herb Chitrak. It discusses that Chitrak is the dried root of the Plumbago zeylanica plant, which is commonly found throughout India. The root is cylindrical, reddish to dark brown in color, and has a pungent taste and disagreeable odor. Chitrak has various medicinal uses including as an antimicrobial, antibacterial, and to treat dysentery, leucoderma, piles, inflammation, and bronchitis. It is also marketed in formulations like Chitrak haritaki for respiratory conditions and Chitrak vati for indigestion.
Guggul
Guggul is a resin extracted from the Commiphora wightii tree through incisions made on the stem. It has a bitter taste and balsamic odor. The resin contains ketonic steroids, gum, volatile oils, and diterpenoids. Guggul has many health benefits and is used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat high cholesterol, obesity, arthritis, and other conditions. The tree is cultivated for its medicinal properties, with commercial cultivation increasing in response to demand for herbal medicines. Proper soil, climate, propagation methods, tapping, and protection from termites are required to successfully cultivate the guggul tree.
Cassia angustifolia (Senna)
Cassia angustifolia, commonly known as senna, is a shrub cultivated in regions near the Arabian peninsula and Nile river. Its dried leaves and pods are used medicinally and contain sennosides, which act as stimulant laxatives by irritating the lining of the intestines and increasing bowel movements. Senna is commonly used as a purgative or cathartic to relieve constipation and cleanse the digestive system, though long term use can cause side effects like diarrhea, weight loss, and electrolyte imbalances. It should be used cautiously by those with gastrointestinal disorders and may interact adversely with certain medications that affect potassium levels or gastrointestinal motility.
Ayurvedic formulation
The document discusses various Ayurvedic dosage forms including solid, semisolid, and liquid forms. It describes the classification and preparation methods of common dosage forms such as churna, gutika, asava, arishta, avaleha, and lehya. The document also covers parameters for standardizing different Ayurvedic formulations to ensure quality, purity, and therapeutic efficacy.
Sitopaladi churna
Sitopaladi Churna is well known Ayurvedic preparation. Sitopaladi mainly used for respiratory problems. Sitopaladi Churna is effective anti-cough formula for all age groups.
Coriandrum sativum (Coriander)
This document summarizes information about Coriandrum Sativum L., commonly known as coriander or cilantro. It contains essential oils such as linalool and fatty oils like oleic acid. Coriander has various pharmacological actions including being aromatic, anti-arthritic, stimulating digestive secretions, and being anti-ulcer, anti-lipidemic, anti-spasmodic, and more. The daily dose is 1-3 grams of powdered seeds or a freshly prepared cup of infusion between meals. Overdose may cause liver damage and skin sensitivity. It should be used cautiously during pregnancy and lactation.
19 picrorhiza scrophulariflora(kutki)
Medicinal value of plant Picrorhiza scrophulariflora including its nomenclature, habit and habitat, cultivation and collection, Macro and Microscopic characteristics, phytochemical constituents and its pharmacological action.
Ammi visnaga
Visnaga consists of the dried ripe fruits of Ammi visnaga Linn, a plant native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa that is cultivated in Egypt and Chile. It has aromatic brown fruits that are 2.25mm in length, 0.7-1.3mm in width, and 0.8-1.1mm in thickness. Visnaga contains furocoumarin and pyranocoumarin derivatives like visnagin and khellin that give it smooth muscle relaxing properties used to treat conditions like asthma, whooping cough, kidney stones, and myocardial damage.
Sneha Kalpana : Its probable co-relation with Liposomal drug delivery System...
this ppt suggests whether liposomal drug delivery System can be Sneha Kalpana?
It is my own opinion. viewers can agree or disagree with my viewpoint..
Dravyaguna Itihasa – Nighantu Parichaya
Nighantus of Ayurveda help in the right identification of the plant species used in treatment. It is essential to understand the basics of the evolution of Dravyaguna right from the Vedic period to the current era for a Materia Medica scholar in the field of Ayurveda.
Shankhpushpi
Shankhpushpi is a perennial herb with blue or white flowers and elliptical leaves arranged alternately on branching stems that grow along the ground up to 30cm long. It is used to treat nervous disorders like insomnia and fatigue by making a decoction with cumin and milk, and also acts as a nerve tonic, fever reducer, and treatment for digestive issues like dysentery and anxiety. Several marketed Ayurvedic products contain Shankhpushpi, including Abana syrup, Shankhpushpi syrup, and various medicinal powders.
Knowledge about various nighantus
This document provides information about various Ayurvedic lexicons or Nighantus. It discusses several important Nighantus including Dhanwantari Nighantu, Sodhala Nighantu, and Hridaya Deepaka Nighantu. Some key points:
- Nighantus are texts that describe synonyms, properties, and uses of medicinal plants and substances in Ayurveda. They help understand the vast knowledge of herbs from ancient India.
- Dhanwantari Nighantu and Sodhala Nighantu are two of the oldest and most important Nighantus. They describe drugs under different groups or Vargas and provide details on taste
Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Celastrus panniculatus & its Pharmacognocy
This document describes the plant Celastrus panniculatus Willd. It is a large climber or shrub with obovate leaves and pale yellow-white flowers. Its seeds and roots contain various chemical constituents. In Ayurveda, it is known as Jyotishmati and is used to improve cognitive abilities, induce sleep, and treat various Vata disorders. It has properties like Tikshna, Katu, and Ushna which allow it to pacify Vata and Kapha doshas. It has wide applications like treating paralysis, arthritis, skin disorders, and as a diuretic and memory enhancer. Its oil is used topically and internally in small doses
Allium sativum (Garlic)
This document summarizes information about the garlic plant. It describes garlic's botanical classification, parts used, and key chemical constituents like allicin. The document outlines garlic's uses as an anti-cancer agent and for treating various respiratory and cardiovascular conditions. It also discusses garlic's dosage, toxicity, administration routes, side effects, drug interactions, contraindications, and references several sources for the information provided.
What's hot (20)
Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Terminalia chebula & its Pharmacognocy
Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Terminalia chebula & its Pharmacognocy
Sneha Kalpana : Its probable co-relation with Liposomal drug delivery System...
Sneha Kalpana : Its probable co-relation with Liposomal drug delivery System...
Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Celastrus panniculatus & its Pharmacognocy
Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Celastrus panniculatus & its Pharmacognocy
Viewers also liked
Antibacterial activity of citrullus colocynthis against different types of ba...
The document summarizes a study that evaluated the antibacterial activity of Citrullus colocynthis (bitter apple) extracts against several pathogenic bacteria. Ethanol and water extracts of C. colocynthis aerial parts and fruits were tested against 7 bacteria using the disc diffusion method. The ethanol extract showed inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus agalactia, while the water extract showed little to no activity. The ethanol extract had inhibitory effects similar to the antibiotic cefotaxime. The results suggest that C. colocynthis extracts could help address drug resistance by providing an alternative to antibiotics.
1st project
The document summarizes the medicinal and insecticidal properties of Citrullus colocynthis (wild watermelon). It details that different plant parts have different medicinal uses, like seeds containing fatty acids and having anti-diabetic effects, fruit pulp being purgative and used to treat various diseases, and leaves exhibiting anti-inflammatory and diuretic properties. Experiments showed that compounds isolated from C. colocynthis have insecticidal effects against the aphid Aphis craccivora. Additional experiments tested antimicrobial activity against various bacteria, finding that extracts from leaves, seeds, and roots inhibited bacterial growth. In conclusion, C. colocynthis shows potential for developing novel drugs and
Bhringraj
Bhringraj or Eclipta alba is an important Ayurvedic herb commonly used in India. It has many common names in various Indian languages. The herb is an annual plant that grows in paddy fields. It has opposite leaves, small white/yellow flowers, and achene fruits. The whole plant is used medicinally. In Ayurveda, it is considered bitter, hot, and useful for inflammations, liver problems, skin diseases, hair growth, and more. It contains chemicals like ecliptine, wedelolactone, and others. Bhringraj is used to make many Ayurvedic formulations and is cultivated for its medicinal properties. The document provides details
Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Eclipta alba & its Pharmacognocy
This document summarizes the classical categorization and uses of the herb Eclipta alba, also known as bhringraj. It is a prostrate annual herb that grows 30-60cm tall, with opposite, lanceolate leaves and small white flower heads. The herb contains chemical constituents like ecliptal and wedelolactone. Ayurveda categorizes it as katu and tikta in taste, katu in post-digestive effect, and ushna in potency. It is useful for reducing kapha dosha and is applied externally to reduce swelling and internally to support digestion and liver function. Traditionally it is used to treat hair loss, skin disorders,
Antiasthmatic activity of citrullus colocynthis fruits..by Chandan
1. The document evaluates the antiasthmatic activity of Citrullus colocynthis fruit in 3 experiments.
2. In the first experiment, the ethanolic extract of C. colocynthis fruit antagonized histamine-induced contractions in isolated goat tracheal preparations, suggesting antihistaminic effects.
3. In the second experiment, the extract prolonged the preconvulsive time in histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs, indicating bronchodilating effects.
4. In the third experiment, the extract decreased total leukocyte count in mice in a milk-induced leucocytosis model, demonstrating potential adaptogenic activity.
5. The results suggest
Thesis
The study examined the common problems faced by freshmen students at the University of the Visayas. Through surveys, the researchers found that the top problems were financial/money issues, difficulty balancing work and studies, depression from being away from home, and lack of interest in certain subjects. The researchers aimed to identify ways to help students overcome these challenges in order to encourage them in their studies and build self-confidence.
Thesis riza
This document is a research paper that examines teachers' performance and related factors across different colleges at Laguna State Polytechnic University in the Philippines. It outlines the background of the study, statement of the problem, significance of the study, scope and limitations, conceptual framework, and hypotheses. Specifically, it aims to understand the profile of teachers, their perceived commitment, subject knowledge, teaching strategies, and management of learning, as well as the relationship between these factors and teacher performance.
Final na final thesis
This document summarizes a research study on factors affecting mathematics performance of high school students at Laguna State Polytechnic University in the 2009-2010 academic year. The study examines student-related factors like interest in mathematics, study habits, and teacher-related factors such as personality traits, teaching skills, and instructional materials. It provides background information on the importance of mathematics and reviews previous related studies. The research methodology, data collection instruments, and statistical analysis plan are also outlined.
Viewers also liked (8)
Antibacterial activity of citrullus colocynthis against different types of ba...
Antibacterial activity of citrullus colocynthis against different types of ba...
Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Eclipta alba & its Pharmacognocy
Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Eclipta alba & its Pharmacognocy
Antiasthmatic activity of citrullus colocynthis fruits..by Chandan
Antiasthmatic activity of citrullus colocynthis fruits..by Chandan
Similar to Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Citrullus colocynthis & its Pharmacognocy
Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Trichosanthes dioica & its Pharmacognocy
This document summarizes information about the pointed gourd plant. It discusses the plant's Sanskrit, Nepali, and English names, describes its climbing vine morphology and fruit/seed characteristics. The document outlines the plant's major chemical constituents, Ayurvedic dosha qualities, and uses to treat various diseases and conditions like raktapitta, swelling, skin diseases, fevers, and more. Preparations from different parts of the pointed gourd are used both internally and externally.
Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Cyperus rontudus & its Pharmacognocy
This document summarizes information about the plant Cyperus rotundus (Nut grass). It provides its Sanskrit, Nepali, and English names. It describes the plant's physical features and flowering period. It discusses three varieties mentioned in ancient texts, their chemical constituents and medicinal properties. It outlines how Nut grass can be used externally for skin diseases and internally for digestion issues, fever, and more. It provides examples of formulations and dosages.
Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Comiphora mukul & its Pharmacognocy
The document summarizes information about Commiphora mukul (Indian bedellium tree) including its classical categorization in Ayurveda, names in various languages, physical description, major chemical constituents, guna (qualities), rasa (taste), virya (potency) and vipaka (post-digestive effect), and uses both externally and internally for various diseases. It also provides examples of formulations that include Commiphora mukul and notes its usefulness in correcting metabolism and maintaining healthy cholesterol and fat levels.
Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Shorea robusta & its Pharmacognocy
This document summarizes information about the Sal tree (Shorea robusta). It belongs to the Dipterocarpaceae family and is a large evergreen tree found in parts of India and Nepal. The bark and resin extracted from the tree have various medicinal properties. They are used to treat wounds, inflammation, bleeding disorders, skin diseases, and respiratory, digestive, and genitourinary conditions. Decoctions and powders made from Sal bark and resin are commonly used in Ayurvedic medicine.
An Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Hydnocarpus laurifolia & its Pharmacognocy
This document describes the Hydnocarpus laurofolia plant, commonly known as chaulmoogra or soorty oil tree. It is an evergreen tree that grows up to 15 meters tall, with oblong or elliptic leaves and globose, hairy fruits containing 15-20 seeds. The seeds and other parts of the plant contain chemical constituents such as hypnocarpic acid. In Ayurveda, it is used to treat skin diseases, ulcers, worms, and digestive issues. It acts as a blood purifier and is used similarly to Centella asiatica. Preparations include tuvrakadi tail, an oil, and a plaster made from the seeds.
Darba
Desmostachya bipinnata, commonly known as Haifa grass or Big cord grass, is a perennial grass used in Indian traditional medicine. It grows throughout India. In Ayurveda, it is known by names like Darba and Dhoob. It has fibrous roots and jointed stems. Desmostachya bipinnata contains protein, fiber, ash, and glycosides. It is bitter, astringent, and sweet in taste. According to Ayurveda, it pacifies all three doshas. It is used to treat diarrhea, skin diseases, burns, fevers, bleeding disorders, thirst, urinary problems, and fainting.
Guduchi plant
This document provides information about the medicinal plant Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia). It discusses the plant's Sanskrit and common names in various languages, classification systems in Ayurveda, synonyms, habitat and cultivation, chemical composition and therapeutic properties. According to mythology, drops of nectar that fell from the sky during a war between Lord Rama and Ravana originated Guduchi. The key parts and therapeutic uses of Guduchi include its leaves and stem being used as a rasayana (rejuvenative), medhya (cognitive enhancer), anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and for treating fever, skin disorders, and digestive issues.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR)
This document summarizes an ethnomedicinal study conducted in Vizianagaram District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Researchers interviewed local people to document traditional medicinal uses of plants by indigenous tribes in the region. A total of 43 plant species were identified and their local names, descriptions, flowering/fruiting times, and traditional medicinal uses were recorded. Plant specimens were collected, identified, preserved and deposited in a university herbarium for future reference. The study aimed to document the traditional phytotherapy knowledge of tribes residing in the Kotia Hills area of Vizianagaram District.
Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Salamalia malabarica & its Pharmacognocy
Salamalia malabarica is a large deciduous tree known by several names including Red/silk cotton tree. It has horizontal branches arranged in whorls of 5-7 with large palmate leaves with 5-7 leaflets. Flowers are red and numerous, appearing towards the end of bare branches. Fruit are oblong or ovoid capsules splitting into 5 leathery valves containing smooth black seeds embedded in white silky wool. The tree is used traditionally to treat various diseases related to vata, pitta, and kapha doshas. Extracts from different parts of the plant such as bark, flowers, fruits, and gum are used externally and internally to treat inflammation, bleeding, diarrhea, menor
An Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Vetiveria zizanoidis & its Pharmacognocy
Vetiver, also known as khus or ushir, is an aromatic herbaceous plant known for its rhizomatous roots. It has several medicinal uses in Ayurveda for treating conditions related to excess pitta such as hyperacidity, hyperperspiration, and burning sensations. The roots contain essential oils that are cooling and help reduce pitta. It is commonly used to reduce fever and treat skin disorders, cough, diarrhea, and digestive issues. Vetiver is especially recommended for pacifying pitta by reducing heat, burning, and excess perspiration.
53 - Divya Tank ( JYOTISMATI ).pdf
Jyotishmati is a large deciduous climber that grows throughout India, especially in hilly areas. It improves intellect, alleviates many diseases, and has hot potency. The stem has white shining dots and red-brown bark. Leaves are broad and elliptic-ovate with arching lateral nerves. Yellow capsules contain 3-6 reddish-brown seeds that release aromatic oil when pressed. Jyotishmati is used to treat skin diseases like leprosy, ascites, mental disorders, wounds, anemia, and loss of appetite.
Kanchanara
Kanchanar is a medium-sized deciduous tree found in subtropical regions of India. It has pinnately compound leaves and purple flowers that grow in corymbs. The bark, flowers, and seeds contain various compounds like sugars, tannins, flavonoids, and glycosides. In Ayurveda, it is described as having bitter, light, dry qualities and a pungent post-digestive taste. It acts as a kapha-pitta reducer and is useful for treating glandular swelling and pox. Decoctions made from the bark are commonly used to treat cervical lymphadenitis. Modern research has also shown it to have anti-cancer and central nervous system
Daruhaldi berberis aristata
This document provides information on the plant Berberis aristata in three paragraphs:
1) It describes Berberis aristata as an erect, spinous, deciduous shrub that is found in the Himalayan ranges and Nilgiri hills of South India. It lists some of its local names in different Indian languages.
2) It provides details on the physical characteristics of Berberis aristata, including that it grows from 6-18 feet tall, with spiny leaves and yellow or pale flowers. Its fruits are small and red berries.
3) It mentions several classical Ayurvedic references that discuss the uses and properties of Berberis aristata for treating eye diseases,
herbal
This document summarizes an ethnobotanical study conducted in Adilabad district, India from 2008-2009. Researchers gathered information on 67 plant species from 38 families used in leaf preparations as traditional medicines by local tribes. The plants were used to treat diseases like jaundice, cancer, cough, piles, fever, fractures, pains, stomachache, blood pressure, and more. Preparations included extracts, pastes, juices, and decoctions. The document provides the botanical name, local name, disease treated, and preparation method for each plant. It concludes some plants are used alone while others are combined with substances like sugar, curd, honey, or mixed with other plant parts.
Viewcontent
This document summarizes an ethnobotanical study conducted in Adilabad District, India from 2008-2009. Researchers gathered information on 67 plant species from 38 families used by tribal people for medicinal purposes. The plants were used to treat various diseases by preparing extracts, decoctions, pastes, and juices from the leaves. Common ailments treated included cough, fever, joint pain, diarrhea, and skin diseases. Preparations were often combined with other plant parts or substances like honey or curd. The study provides valuable information on traditional plant-based medicine practiced in the region.
Galo
This document summarizes information about the plant Galo (Tinospora cordifolia). It describes the plant parts used, names in different languages, biological source, distribution, macroscopic and microscopic features. It also discusses the method of preparation of Guduchi satva from the plant, its chemical constituents including alkaloids, and common uses such as for rejuvenation and as an immunomodulator, blood purifier, and to treat cancer and heart conditions. Marketed formulations containing Galo are also listed.
An Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Ricinus comunis & its Pharmacognocy
This document summarizes information about the castor oil plant. It provides the classical Ayurvedic categorization, names in Sanskrit, Nepali, and English, a description of the plant, distribution in Nepal, chemical constituents, Ayurvedic properties, effects on doshas, uses to treat various diseases systems and conditions, important preparations, and dosages. It also lists several formulations that utilize parts of the castor oil plant to treat specific ailments.
Badara
Badara - Zizypus Sativa is a thorny tree found throughout India that can grow up to 10-12 meters tall. It has many vernacular names across regions. The plant has alternate ovate or oblong leaves and small yellow flowers. Its fruit is green to yellow and oval shaped, containing a single hard seed. It has various medicinal uses mentioned in Ayurvedic texts for treating conditions like diarrhea, cough, and vomiting. The bark, fruit, leaves, and roots contain chemical compounds and have properties that help balance vata and pitta doshas.
Drug presentation Asthishrinakla, Babbula., Chirabilwa
Cissus quadrangularis is a perennial climber found throughout India. It has quadrangular stems and tends to climb other plants. The stems and roots are used in Ayurvedic medicine to heal bone fractures and joint pain. Extracts of C. quadrangularis have been shown to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and bone healing properties, which may help explain its traditional uses for fractures and joint pain. The document provides details on the botanical description, traditional uses, pharmacological activities and toxicity studies of C. quadrangularis.
C. igneus project by syed.sohail ahemed
This document provides a pharmacognostic study of the Costus igneus plant. It discusses that C. igneus is commonly known as the "insulin plant" in India as it helps elevate insulin levels and acts as an antidiabetic. The plant belongs to the Costaceae family and is native to Southeast Asia. It is used ornamentally and traditionally used to treat various conditions. The document outlines the plant's morphology, microscopy, distribution, cultivation and phytochemical constituents found in different plant parts like leaves, stems, and rhizomes. The aim is to explore the plant's pharmacological activities and potential as a medicinally promising species.
Similar to Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Citrullus colocynthis & its Pharmacognocy (20)
Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Trichosanthes dioica & its Pharmacognocy
Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Trichosanthes dioica & its Pharmacognocy
Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Cyperus rontudus & its Pharmacognocy
Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Cyperus rontudus & its Pharmacognocy
Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Comiphora mukul & its Pharmacognocy
Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Comiphora mukul & its Pharmacognocy
Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Shorea robusta & its Pharmacognocy
Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Shorea robusta & its Pharmacognocy
An Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Hydnocarpus laurifolia & its Pharmacognocy
An Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Hydnocarpus laurifolia & its Pharmacognocy
Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Salamalia malabarica & its Pharmacognocy
Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Salamalia malabarica & its Pharmacognocy
An Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Vetiveria zizanoidis & its Pharmacognocy
An Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Vetiveria zizanoidis & its Pharmacognocy
An Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Ricinus comunis & its Pharmacognocy
An Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Ricinus comunis & its Pharmacognocy
Drug presentation Asthishrinakla, Babbula., Chirabilwa
Drug presentation Asthishrinakla, Babbula., Chirabilwa
Recently uploaded
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Ketone bodies and metabolism-biochemistry
This slide consists of all the topics of ketone . This can be used for exam purpose for writing about Diabetic keto acidosis etc . Thank you
The Electrocardiogram - Physiologic Principles
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Part II - Body Grief: Losing parts of ourselves and our identity before, duri...
Learn about body grief and ways to cope with it. We will also explore methods to heal from this challenging experience.
Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
we have mentioned the best 10 ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups. You can check all these products and choose the best one for yourself.
Journal Article Review on Rasamanikya
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Versio
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest VersionTop Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Swisschem Dermacare has mentioned the List of The Best Antifungal Soap In India 2022. All of these soaps are trusted by various Dermatology Experts.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Kat...
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Kat...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.Recently uploaded (20)
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
Part II - Body Grief: Losing parts of ourselves and our identity before, duri...
Part II - Body Grief: Losing parts of ourselves and our identity before, duri...
Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Kat...
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Kat...
Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Citrullus colocynthis & its Pharmacognocy
- 1. Classical categorization :- Birechan, mulini.(c.) adhovag- har, shyamadi.(su.) shyamadi.(v.) Latin Name:- Citrullus colocynthis Family Name:- Cucurbitaceae.-sf]zftsL s'n _ Sanskrit Name:- Indravaruni, gawakshi, chitra. Nepali Name:- OGb|]0fL English Name:- Colocynth or bitter apple.
- 2. It is a perennial scabrid prostrate herb or climbing herb with angular stems and bified tendrils. Leaves sinuately pinnatifid. Flowers nomoecious, solitary, axillary, yellow. Fruit globose pepo, 3.5-10.5 cm in diameter, smooth, green mottled with yellow blotches, pulp spongy, bitter. Seeds many, white or light brown. Flowering in november & Fruiting in jan.
- 3. Dhanwantri nighantu: three types--- 1) Indravaruni (c. colocynthis) 2) Visala (Trichosanthes palmata) 3) Swet pushpi (cucumis trigonus) How ever he specially mentioned former two as “Indravarunidayam”. Bhav Prakash: two types— 1) Indravaruni (c. colocynthis) 2) Mahendravaruni (T. bracteata) Bapalal vaidya: four types— 1) C. colocynthis 2) Cucumis prophetorum 3) C. trigonous 4) T. palmata
- 9. 1200-2300mt east to west. Major chemical constituents:- colocynthin, cucurbitane, hexanorcucurbitane , citrullol, citrulluin, etc.
- 10. Guna: laghu, ruksha, tikshna. Rasa: tikta Vipak: katu. Virya: ushna.
- 11. Effect on Doshas : - kaph-pitt har. Systemic: External: Root- bran-soth har, bransodhan. Seed oil- keshya, bishghna. Internal: DS: Fruit-bark is vamak, fruit-mazza & root are rechan and krimighna, pitt srawak. CS: Rakt-sodhak, soth-har. RS: Fruit-bark is expectorant. US: Root is prameghna. Rep.S: Root tibra garvasya sankochak. Tem. Root-Jwarghna .
- 12. It is used in pittaj & raktaj bikar, aamvatt, jalodar, yakrittudar, plihodar, apasmar, khalitya, idralupta, palitya, prameh, kustha, kash, swash , gandmala. Classical therapeutic uses:- Indralupta: indralupta root is soaked in cow’s urine for three days and then applied on the scalp after mixing with cow’s dung and ghee.(G.N) Unmad: juice from ripen fruit of indravaruni and cow’s urine are given as nasya.(C.D) Kamla: powder of indravaruni root may be taken with jaggery.(su.ut.44) Sandhivatt: daily use of indravaruni root , pippali & jaggery 1/1 tola is effective.(B.P) Gandamala: indravaruni root mixed in cow’s urine is administered.(C.D)
- 13. Dosage:- Fruit powder 125mg-500mg. Root powder 1-3gm. Important preparation:- Narayan churna, Indravarunakadi churna. Contraindication:- it should not be used in gestational period, children, lean & thin person & in sprue disease.