The document discusses auxiliary verbs and their uses in English grammar. It defines auxiliary verbs as "helper verbs" used to form tenses, moods, and voices of other verbs. The main auxiliary verbs are be, have, and do. Be is used to form continuous and passive tenses. Have is used with the past participle to form perfect tenses. Do is used to form questions and negatives, except when another auxiliary like a modal is present. Modal auxiliary verbs like can, may, will are also discussed as coming before other auxiliaries but not taking inflections or functioning as main verbs.

1. IMPROVING GRAMMAR FOR
TOEFL TEST.
Auxiliary Verbs

2. What is an auxiliary verb?
• An auxiliary verb is also called a helper
verb
• A verb used in forming the tenses, moods,
and voices of other verbs
• It comes before some verbs
• Not all sentences have an auxiliary

3. Sentences with no auxiliary verb
• I played football last night
• I walk this way to school every day
• I like chocolate
Can you identify the verbs in these sentences?

4. • Auxilary verbs are divided into two
categories principal Auxiliaries and
Modals(secondary auxiliaries)
• "The auxiliary verbs of English are the
following:
can,,could, may,might will,would
shall,should, must, ought, need, dare used
to [modals]
– be, have, do, [non-modals

5. Here are some sentences with
missing auxiliary verbs – can you
suggest replacements?
• I _____ walking along the dusty road.
• Tomorrow I ___ swim for my school.
• I __ very good at maths.
• Dad _____ the dishes because mum cooks the
tea.
• I ___ spell all of the words on my list.

6. To do
do, does, did
• These are followed by the base form of a verb
• e.g. I do work very hard.
• Johnny does try his best.
• They did win the game last week.
• Put each of these auxiliaries into a sentence of
your own

7. To have
Have, has, had
• These are followed by the past participle of
the next verb
• e.g.
• I have eaten all of my food.
• John has climbed Ben Nevis.
• Debbie had hidden all of Paul’s pencils.

9. To be
Am, is, are, was, were,been,being
• Is followed by the present or past participle in the
sentence
• e.g. I am going to the park. (going = present)
• Kylie is singing at Wembley stadium.
• I was beaten by a better player
• They were running past the gates when they saw a
dog.

10. The auxiliary verbs are ‘be’, ‘have’, and ‘do’.
They are used with a main verb to form
tenses, negatives and questions.
He is planning to get married soon.
I haven’t seen Peter since last night.
Which doctor do you want to see?

11. ‘Be’ as an auxiliary verb is used:
• with the ‘-ing’ form of the main verb to form
continuous tenses
He is living in Germany.
They were going to phone you.

12. ‘Be’ as an auxiliary verb is also used:
• with the past participle of the main verb to
form the passive.
These cars are made in Japan.
The wall of her flat were covered with posters.

13. You use ‘have’ as an auxiliary with the past
participle to form the perfect tenses.
I have changed my mind.
I wish you had met Paul.

14. The present perfect continuous, the past
perfect continuous, and the perfect tenses in
the passive are formed using both ‘have’ and
‘be’.
He has been working very hard recently.
She did not know how long she had been
lying there.

15. Examples continued….
The guest-room window has been mended.
They had been taught by a young teacher.

16. ‘Be’ and ‘have’ are also used as auxiliaries in
negative sentences and questions in
continuous and perfect tenses, and in the
passive.
He isn’t going.
Hasn’t she seen it yet?
Was it written in English?

17. You use ‘do’ as an auxiliary to make negative
and question forms from sentences that have
a verb in the present simple or past simple.
He doesn’t think he can come to the party.
Do you like her new haircut?
She didn’t buy the house.
Didn’t he get the job.

18. Note: You can use ‘do’ as a main verb with
the auxiliary ‘do’.
He didn’t do his homework.
Do the do the work themselves.

19. You can also use the auxiliary ‘do’ with have
as a main verb.
He doesn’t have any money.
Does anyone have a question?

20. You only use ‘do’ in affirmative sentences for
emphasis or contrast.
I do feel sorry for Roger.

21. WARNING: You never use the auxiliary ‘do’
with ‘be’ except in the imperative.
Don’t be stupid.
Do be a good boy and sit still.

22. Some grammars include modals among the
auxiliary verbs. When there is a modal in the
verb group, it is always the first word in the
verb group, and comes before the auxiliaries
‘be’ and ‘have’.
She might be going to Switzerland for
Christmas.
I would have liked to see her.

23. Note: You never use the auxiliary ‘do’ with a
modal.

24. Modal Auxiliaries
• The list below shows all of the modal auxiliaries:
• Present Past
• Can Could
• May Might
• Will Would
• Shall Should
• must

25. Unlike the auxiliaries be, have, and do, modal auxiliaries
• 1. do not use inflectional endings (-s, -ed, -ing, -en)
• 2. cannot function as main verbs

26. Thanks for your attention!!!