Attention is the focus of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus while ignoring others. It is a selective mental process where an individual chooses a stimulus according to their interests and attitudes from multiple environmental stimuli. Attention can be voluntary, requiring conscious effort, or involuntary, occurring without effort. Voluntary attention includes implicit attention from a single willful act and explicit attention requiring repeated willful acts. Involuntary attention is aroused without conscious effort. Factors influencing attention include external stimuli characteristics like size, intensity, movement, and internal factors like interests, habits, emotions, and past experiences.

1. attention

2. INTRODUCTION
 Attention is the focus of conscious on a
particular object or idea at a particular
time to the exclusion of other object or
ideas.

3. Definition
 Attention is defined as a process which
compels the individual to select a
particular stimulus according to his
interest and attitude out of the multiple
stimuli of the environment
Sharma RN (1967)

4. Characteristics of attention
 It is a selective mental activity
 It constantly shifts from one object to
another or from one aspect to another.
 Attention is focus on the consciousness on
one particular object
 Attention is the state of preparedness or
alertness of
 Attention requires some motor and
sensory adjustments on the part of the
person being attentive

5. Types Of Attention
Types of
Attention
Volitional
or
Voluntary attention
Implicit Attention
Explicit Attention
Non volitional
Or
Involuntary
attention

6. Volitional or voluntary
Attention
 Requires conscious effort on the part
of the person.
Eg: problem solving, answering the
examination.
Further types
Implicit volitional attention
Explicit volitional attention

7. Implicit volitional attention
 A single act of will is responsible for
arousing attention
Eg: home work given by teacher and
the fear of punishment make arouse
attention in the student to complete
the given tasks.

8. Explicit volitional attention
 Attention is obtained by repeated acts
or will.
 One has to struggle hard for keeping
oneself attentive. It requires strong will
power and motivation to keep the
attention focused.
 Eg: during the preparatory days of the
examination.

9. Involuntary or non volitional
attention
 This type of attention is aroused
without the conscious effort.
 Eg: bright lights, loud noise, and
strong odors.
 This type of attention can be aroused
by instincts called enforced non
volitional attention.

10. Factors related to attention
 Attention depends upon several
factors these factors may be two
types.
External factors
Internal factors

11. External factors
 The external factors are concerned with the
Environment. These are also called objective
factors.
 Size
 Intensity
 Change in intensity
 Movement
 Contrast
 Novelty
 Repetition
 Definite shape
 Duration

12. Size
 Size has effect on attention. It is
natural an unusual size attracts
attention of the people. Very small size
or very big size

13. intensity
 Loud sounds, strong smells and deep
colors are attractive in nature. If a
sound is intense it would affect our
attention.
 Eg: the thunder is louder than a car
sound. so, our attention is drawn on
thunder.

14. Change
 Change drawn attention easily.
 Eg: in the midst of continuous noise a
slight moment of silence draws our
attention

15. Movements
 Moving things draws our attention
more than stationary one.
 Eg: a moving car attracts faster than a
stationary car.

16. Contrast
 Anything that is different from its
surrounding is contrast.
 Eg: a black dust in the milk drawn
attention quickly
 A swan among the crows attracts
suddenly

17. Novelty
 Newness attracts quickly than
traditional one.
 Eg: a new teacher attracts the children
very much in the school.

18. Repetition
 If a ting or person or event is repeated
several times, then our attention
drawn to it.
 Eg: when an advertisement is
repeated in the wall drawn attention.

19. Definite shape
 Attending figure more than backgroud.

20. Duration
 Attention is drawn to things that lasts
longer.
 Eg: a salesperson drawn attention by
lengthening his voice.

21. Internal factors or subjective
factors
 Internal factors are concerned with
individual. So, these re called
subjective factors.
 Interest
 Habits and attitude
 Motives and organic states
 Emotions
 Past experiences
 Value and purpose of stimuli

22. Cont………
 Interest:
purpose and taste of person. It
changes according to age, sex Eg:
dress, automobile preference.
Habit and attitude:
Personal habits, occupation, profession
affect the attention Eg: a sports
person observes sports on news
paper

23. Cont….
 Motives and organic states:
Drives and physical / psychological status.
Eg: hungry child cry at the bottle avoiding
favorite toys.
Emotions:
A sleepy mother is not disturbed by a sound at
home but faint cry of the child wakes her up.
Past experiences:
It also affect attention.
Eg checking the expiry date of the product due
our past experiences.

24. Cont….
 Value and purpose of stimuli:
Prevent forgetfulness by keeping costly
products.

25. Thank you