01 Attention.pptx
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Attention is the concentration of consciousness on a particular object or topic. It involves focusing mental faculties on something to achieve a goal. There are two types of attention: voluntary/willful attention which requires conscious effort, and involuntary/automatic attention which occurs without effort in response to stimuli. Factors that influence attention include characteristics of the stimuli like intensity, size, contrast; and internal factors like interests, motives, past experiences, emotions, and habits of the individual.
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This document discusses the key concepts of attention including:
- Attention is defined as the concentration of consciousness on one object rather than others.
- There are different types of attention including non-volitional (involuntary) and volitional (voluntary) attention.
- Factors that influence attention are both external (size, intensity, movement) and internal (interest, desires, motives).
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Perception.pptx
Perception involves the interpretation of sensory stimuli received through the sense organs. Sensation is the initial response to a stimulus, while perception provides meaning to sensations. There are several principles that govern perceptual organization, including figure-ground relationship, closure, grouping, simplicity, contour, context, and contrast. Perception can be influenced by factors like sense organs, brain, memory, interests, needs, and culture. Errors in perception such as illusions and hallucinations can also occur under certain conditions like defective senses, inadequate stimuli, excessive stimuli, poor health, limited attention, or lack of guidance.
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This document provides an overview of attention presented by Ms. Suvitha, an assistant professor. It defines attention as the focus of consciousness on a particular object or idea. Some key points include:
- Attention is selective and can shift from one object to another. It allows us to concentrate on specific stimuli.
- Factors like interest, rewards, and emotions influence what we pay attention to. Internal and external factors also impact attention.
- Attention span refers to how long focus can be maintained without distraction. It is typically only a few seconds for visual and auditory stimuli.
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This document provides an overview of attention presented by Ms. Suvitha, an assistant professor. It defines attention as the focus of consciousness on a particular object or idea. Some key points include:
- Attention is selective and can shift from one object to another. It allows us to concentrate on specific stimuli.
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attention.pptx
This document defines attention and discusses its characteristics, types, influencing factors, and duration. Attention is the focus of consciousness on a particular object or idea, and can be voluntary (requiring conscious effort) or involuntary (aroused without effort). It is influenced by both external factors like the nature, intensity, and location of stimuli, as well as internal factors like interests, motives, emotions, and habits. The span of attention refers to how long one can focus without distraction and varies depending on whether the focus is visual or auditory.
Attention and perception
1. Attention is the concentration of awareness on some phenomenon to the exclusion of other stimuli and determines consciousness. It can be voluntary, requiring conscious effort, or involuntary, arising without effort.
2. Factors that influence attention include the nature, intensity, size, contrast, location, repetition, motion, and form of stimuli as well as an individual's interests, motives, mental set, past experiences, emotions, and habits.
3. The span of attention refers to how long stimuli can be focused on before a break is needed. Visual attention span is brief while auditory span is slightly longer, especially with rhythm. Sustained attention maintains continuous concentration on a subject.
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attention.pptx
This document defines attention and discusses its characteristics, types, influencing factors, and duration. Attention is the focus of consciousness on a particular object or idea, and can be voluntary (requiring conscious effort) or involuntary (aroused without effort). It is influenced by both external factors like the nature, intensity, and location of stimuli, as well as internal factors like interests, motives, emotions, and habits. The span of attention refers to how long one can focus without distraction and varies depending on whether the focus is visual or auditory.
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3. The span of attention refers to how long stimuli can be focused on before a break is needed. Visual attention span is brief while auditory span is slightly longer, especially with rhythm. Sustained attention maintains continuous concentration on a subject.
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Thank you for the summary. I appreciate you taking the time to break down the key points.
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Thank you for the summary. I appreciate you taking the time to break down the key points.
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The document discusses critical thinking and motivation. It defines critical thinking as deliberately reflecting on one's reasoning process simultaneously with reasoning to a conclusion. It also discusses three types of reasoning: inductive, deductive, and abductive. Critical thinking is important for intelligence analysis as it helps ensure the appropriate use of reasoning.
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01 Attention.pptx
- 1. ATTENTION
- 3. Introduction • It is the process involving the act of listening, and concentrating on a topic, object or event for the attainment of desired ends.
- 4. Definition Attention is the concentration of consciousness upon one object rather than upon another. -Dumyille
- 5. ⚫ Attention is the process of getting an object or thought clearly before the mind. -Ross
- 6. ⚫It is a selective mental activity ⚫It constantly shifts from one object to another or from one aspect to another. ⚫Attention is focus of the consciousness on one particular object. ⚫Attention is the state of preparedness or alertness of ⚫Attention requires some motor and sensory adjustments on the part of the person being attentive. Characteristics of attention
- 8. Voluntary attention ⚫Requires conscious effort on the part of the person. ⚫Eg: problem solving, answering in the examination. ⚫Types: 1. Implicit volitional attention 2. Explicit volitional attention
- 9. Implicit volitional attention ⚫A single act of will is responsible for arousing attention. ⚫Eg: home work given by teacher and the fear of punishment may arouse attention in the student to complete the given tasks.
- 10. Explicit volitional attention ⚫Attention is obtained by repeated acts of will. ⚫One has to struggle hard for keeping oneself attentive. It requires strong will power and motivation to keep the attention focused. ⚫ Eg: during the preparatory days of the examiantion.
- 11. Involuntary attention ⚫This type of attention is aroused without the conscious effort . ⚫Eg: bright lights, loud noise and strong odours, pain etc. ⚫Types 1. Enforced attention 2. Spontaneous attention
- 12. Enforced attention • Attention aroused by instincts • Eg: An young man when we remark on his appearance.
- 13. Spontaneous attention • Produced by sentiments. • It is the result of properly developed sentiment, towards the object, or idea of a person around which our sentiments are formed with.
- 14. Determinants of attention ⚫ These are the factors that produce and control the attention in a person. ⚫ It can be two types: 1. External factors 2. Internal factors.
- 15. External factors 1. Nature of the stimuli: ⚫The attributes of the stmuli are more likely to arouse attention and allow concentration ⚫Shape , color , beauty, odditiy, ⚫Picutres are more likely to attract attention than that of the text.
- 16. External factors 2. Intensity of the stimuli: ⚫The strength of the stimuli determines the attention it receives ⚫Like a loudness of sound the brightness of colors etc.
- 17. External factors 3. Size of the stimulus : ⚫General rule is that the bigger the stimuli the more attention it gets
- 18. External factors 4. Contrast of the stimuli: ⚫Change and contrast usually attract more of attention, we do not notice the ticking of the watch usually but when it stops we notice it ⚫Novelty or newness attracts attention.
- 19. External factors 5. Location of the stimulus : ⚫The area where the stimulus located is also important for attracting the attention ⚫Advertisements on the upper-half or on the front page attracts more attention than being located elsewhere.
- 20. External factors 6. Repetition of the stimulus : ⚫ A repeated stimulus attracts our attention. ⚫ A mis-spelt word in the same paragraph for more than 2 times tends to get noticed more often. ⚫ But the excessive repetition of the stimulus can also diminish the attention. ⚫ Eg: people working in a factory with loud noise become adjusted to that environment.
- 21. External factors 7. Motion of the object: ⚫The moving stimulus attracts more attention than the stagnant one.
- 22. External factors 8. Definite form of the object: ⚫A sharply defined object attracts more attention than a vaguely defined object.
- 23. External factors 9. Isolation of the stimulus: ⚫Isolation is an important determinant of the attention. ⚫Eg:A black dot in a middle of a white page attracts more attention than , a dot in a written page.
- 24. Internal Factors 1.Interest and attention: ⚫Interest is a very helpful factor in securing attention. ⚫People tend to pay more attention to the items and ideas which they are more interested.
- 25. Internal Factors 2. Motives : ⚫The basic drives and urges of the individual are more important in securing his attention. ⚫Hunger , thirst , curiosity etc are some motives.
- 26. Internal Factors 3. Mental set up: ⚫A person always attends to one subject which the mind has a set. ⚫During exam any talk about it attracts the attention.
- 27. Internal Factors 4. Past experience : ⚫Learning and previous experience facilitate attention. ⚫If we find that certain thing has been beneficial in the past we give more attention to it in the present.
- 28. Internal Factors 5. Emotion ⚫The emotional state of the individual determines the attention the person will put to any certain stimuli.
- 29. Internal Factors 6. Habits: ⚫Habit is also an important determinant of attention. ⚫A person develops a habit of attending to important things and a habit of not attending to the unimportant things.