design of Material handling final year project ppt Ganesh Yande
This paper includes the design of belt conveyor system where the moving roller of the conveyor is powered by a pneumatic cylinder. Pneumatic cylinder will starts reciprocating and by using rack and pinion mechanism the reciprocating motion converts into the rotary motion. These rotary motions further transmit using freewheel-sprocket chain drive to the drive pulley of conveyor. Due to power given by cylinder piston, rack -pinion and freewheel-sprocket chain drives the shaft of pulley starts rotating unidirectional. Hence our belt conveyor is also starts rolling.
Keywords: pneumatic Conveyor, Packing, Material Handling, Rack and Pinion
This is a Major Project Report successfully done at DVRCET under the guidance of Mechanical Engineering Department & the Managing Director of NIRAJA TECHNOLOGIES located at Uppal (Hyderabad).
MILLING – Cutting parameters, machine time calculation
Milling operation – Plain milling, side & face milling, form milling, gang milling, end milling, face milling, T slot milling, slitting
GEAR CUTTING – Gear cutting on milling machine – dividing head and indexing method, gear hobbing, principle of operation, advantages & limitation, hobbing tech, gear shaping, gear finishing process
Works on the principle of slider-crank mechanism with flywheel, motor and a pulley attached to it.
1. The machine can solve the problem of time consumption.
2. Waste of resources in face of labor cost is reduced.
3. The machine can be used in the industry where it is manufactured, at the packaging sector.
4. And it is used as hardware in large quantity like in fabrication of machine
5. It provide alternative for industries aiming toward reducing human effort
6. It generates sustainable and practical automation solutions for the future industrial development.
diploma mechanical engineering
,
mechanical engineering
,
square threads
,
types and forms of threads
,
overhauling of screw threads
,
self locking of screw threads
,
design of machine elements
,
machine design
design of Material handling final year project ppt Ganesh Yande
This paper includes the design of belt conveyor system where the moving roller of the conveyor is powered by a pneumatic cylinder. Pneumatic cylinder will starts reciprocating and by using rack and pinion mechanism the reciprocating motion converts into the rotary motion. These rotary motions further transmit using freewheel-sprocket chain drive to the drive pulley of conveyor. Due to power given by cylinder piston, rack -pinion and freewheel-sprocket chain drives the shaft of pulley starts rotating unidirectional. Hence our belt conveyor is also starts rolling.
Keywords: pneumatic Conveyor, Packing, Material Handling, Rack and Pinion
This is a Major Project Report successfully done at DVRCET under the guidance of Mechanical Engineering Department & the Managing Director of NIRAJA TECHNOLOGIES located at Uppal (Hyderabad).
MILLING – Cutting parameters, machine time calculation
Milling operation – Plain milling, side & face milling, form milling, gang milling, end milling, face milling, T slot milling, slitting
GEAR CUTTING – Gear cutting on milling machine – dividing head and indexing method, gear hobbing, principle of operation, advantages & limitation, hobbing tech, gear shaping, gear finishing process
Works on the principle of slider-crank mechanism with flywheel, motor and a pulley attached to it.
1. The machine can solve the problem of time consumption.
2. Waste of resources in face of labor cost is reduced.
3. The machine can be used in the industry where it is manufactured, at the packaging sector.
4. And it is used as hardware in large quantity like in fabrication of machine
5. It provide alternative for industries aiming toward reducing human effort
6. It generates sustainable and practical automation solutions for the future industrial development.
diploma mechanical engineering
,
mechanical engineering
,
square threads
,
types and forms of threads
,
overhauling of screw threads
,
self locking of screw threads
,
design of machine elements
,
machine design
A mechanical engineering undergraduate and graduate always tend to skip learning about Machine Shop. However this subject is as much crucial as Thermodynamics,Strength of Material,Fluid Mechanics and other important subjects.
Click below to ENROLL in the course (Copy paste below URL)
https://www.udemy.com/course/workshop-technology
Design and fabrication of multi way hacksaw machine REPORT Eshver chandra
In this project work and effort has been made to develop a modernized multi way hacksaw machine and less stress full operation for cutting wood, metal and plastic materials. The aim of this work is to develop a hacksaw machine that will use a less effort to produce uniform cutting of PVC pipes, metals, wood. It is also done to show the performance difference between hand driven, pedal drive and multi way hacksaw machine. This model implies a conversion of rotary motion of swashplate to reciprocating motion of hacksaw blades, which is done by using Wobble Plate Mechanism. This motion is used for hacksaw machine; in this model we can operate multi hacksaws simultaneously. This model will overcome the traditional hacksaw machine which done material cutting of single piece at particular times interval and also fulfils the need of more material cutting accounts to mass production. This machine works significantly with minimum vibrations and jerks. Hence the purposed model of hacksaw machines will be welcomed by many industries due to compactness and efficiency. To achieve this goal the multi way hacksaw machine is developed.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
ML for identifying fraud using open blockchain data.pptx
AsupJournalHacksaw (1).doc
1. 1
Design and Development of a Motorized Double Hacksaw Machine
Musilim, A.A.1, Ilegbusi, A.O.2, Orintunsi, T.K.2, Kolo, J.G.2 and Ogunbunmi, O.M.1
1. Welding & Fabrication Engineering Department, Yaba College of Technology, Nigeria
2. Mechanical Engineering Department, Yaba College of Technology, Nigeria
Corresponding author: abbeymuz@yahoo.co.uk, +2348038039793.
Abstract
The work aims at designing and fabricating a motorized double hacksaw machine, capable of
cutting two metal bars into various sizes and lengths using two hacksaws simultaneously at the
same time in order to achieve high-speed cutting rate and mass production of cutting operations.
The goal of this work is to reduce material cutting efforts and time, to be exposed to practical
metal work, test for the cutting strength of the machine and to undertake work that requires speed
and accuracy. Innovation and technology now play an important role in the global economy and
in everyday industrial applications hence the need for new ways of cutting. The scotch yoke
mechanism is used in the motorized hacksaw machine movement and it is arranged alongside
with hacksaws. In scotch yoke mechanism rotary motion is converted into a to and fro
(reciprocating) motion. The results for comparative times using developed motorized double
hacksaw machine and conventional hacksaw cuttings were also presented. It was evident that
motorized hacksaw machine gave better efficiency cutting than the conventional cutting.
KEYWORDS: High-speed, cutting rate, hacksaw, scotch yoke mechanism, efficiency
1. INTRODUCTION
2. 2
There are many industrial applications where the demands of hacksaw blade are
considerably increasing day by day with the growth of industrialization, engineering sectors, real
estate, and automobile sector and so on. The motorized hacksaw cutting machine is basically a
cutting device, which is used in almost every sector for cutting of materials like the angle iron,
channels, flat plates, rods and plastic pipes in two directions at the same time. There are various
hacksaws of different brands and sizes, with different specifications in the fabrication workshop.
These hacksaws are specifically designed to cut different materials such as metals bars, plastic,
wood and steel and so on in a short time. Whereas, metal needs to be cut at rapid rate for
fabrication industries to achieve mass production, as a result, the conventional handheld single-
frame hacksaw is unreliable to achieve this purpose requiring advances in technology. Two metal
bars can be cut simultaneously by using this motorized double hacksaw machine resulting in
high, accurate cutting speed and mass production for its users. Due to its simple operation, the
motorized double hacksaw machine eliminates all the limitations and disadvantages of a
conventional handheld hacksaw.
There is vast literature study to understand the concept which affect the performance of
the machine, and the concept of the two-way hacksaw cutting machine mainly carried out for
production base industries. There are many industrial applications where round bars or square
bars are required to be operated on different machines to make machine components such as
Shafts, Bolts, and Screws etc. These require a greater number of pieces to be cut for mass
production of these components, hacksaw cutting machine is basically deployed as a cutting
device. (Wilson, 1986). It is realized that regular power hacksaw machine can be supplanted with
robotized control hacksaw machine. (Chaudhary, 1986).
Designers of machines or structures must achieve acceptable levels of performance and at
the same time assures the part is safe and durable. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid excess
deformation such as bending, twisting or stretching of the machine’s components. In addition,
cracking in components must be avoided entirely to prevent the crack from progressing to the
point of complete fracture. To avoid structural failures the stress in a component must not exceed
the strength of the material, where the strength is simply the stress that causes a deformation or
fracture failure. Failures in mechanical structures occurs due to various reasons such as excessive
plastic deformation as a result of static overload or impact, instability, creep, stress corrosion
fatigue and brittle fracture. (Venturini, 2011). The material choice and testing of hacksaws sharp
3. 3
edge in light of mechanical properties, expressed that a suitable saw edge must be chosen for
better activity and fine cutting by choosing number of teeth per inch. (Bahaley, 2012).
Studies show that failures could occur due to mechanisms and environmental factors.
Furthermore, suggestions that failure analysis of a metal structure requires identifying the type of
failure mode. The failure mode is classified as either a deformation or fracture. (Boyer, 1975).
Conclusions were made that the process of identifying a failure mode is complicated, because
different techniques can be used to determine the actual cause of failure. The failures (operator
error, wrong amount of maintenance and physical wear and tear) analysis is a technical
procedure to investigate the root cause of failure of a product, components, equipment or an
unintentional mistake in designing, manufacturing or any unseen problem in a continuous
process. (Layer, 2002).
Sawing Machine
The sawing machine is a machine tool, designed to cut materials to a desired length or
contour. It functions by drawing a blade containing cutting teeth through the work piece. The
saw machine is faster and easier than hand sawing and is used principally to produce an accurate
square or mitered cut on the work piece.
The power hacksaw and the band saw are two common types of sawing machines, used
to cut metals in the machine shop. The power hacksaw uses a reciprocating (back and forth)
cutting action similar to the one used in a hand saw. The power hacksaw is used for square or
angle cutting of stock. The band saw uses a continuous band blade and a drive wheel, an idler
wheel support and then drives the blade.
i. Power Hacksaw Machine
The power hacksaw machine provides a vise for clamping the work and means for
reciprocating a U-shaped frame on which is mounted a straight steel hacksaw blade that cuts
when moving in one direction only. The saw presses down on the work during the cutting stroke
but is raised clear of the work during the return stroke. The basic forward and backward
movement of the cutting edge made the hacksaw one of the principal kinds of sawing machines
intended for control. The straightforwardness in the sharp edge movement has kept the cost of
the saw machine generally less expensive than different kinds of sawing machines.
4. 4
In hack sawing, a solitary sharp edge is tensioned in the bow and responded forward and
backward finished the work piece. The cutting activity is accomplished just amid half of the
cycle of task. Amid the second 50% of the cycle at the arrival stroke, the sharp edge is lifted
clear of the work piece giving a spasmodic cutting activity which is thought to be one of the
disadvantages of the task. In spite of this inconvenience, when contrasted with the consistent
cutting activity of the band saw, hacksaws remain similarly or much more famous elective
machines.
Parts of the Powered Hacksaw Machine
Base
Frame
Vise.
Base
The base of the saw usually contains a coolant reservoir and a pump for conveying the
coolant to the work. The reservoir contains baffles which cause the chips to settle to the bottom
of the tank. A table which supports the vise and the metal being sawed is located on top of the
base and is usually referred to as part of the base.
Frame
The frame of the saw supports and carries the hacksaw blade. The machine is designed so
that the saw blade contacts the work only on the cutting stroke. This action prevents unnecessary
wear on the saw blade. The cutting stroke is on the draw or back stroke.
Vise
The vise is adjustable so that various sizes and shapes of metal may be held. On some
machines the vise may be swiveled so that stock may be sawed at an angle. The size of a power
hacksaw is determined by the largest piece of metal that can be held in the vice and sawed.
ii. Bandsaw Machine
The band saw employs an endless flexible steel band with teeth on one edge and the band
is carried on two large-diameter rotating wheels mounted on parallel axes some distance apart.
Band saws that cut vertically are particularly suitable for cutting out shapes in thin, flat plates
from work pieces that lie on horizontal tables. Metal-cutting band saw machines fall into two
basic categories: vertical machines and horizontal machines. Band saws use a continuous saw
5. 5
blade, therefore chip removal is rapid because each tooth is a precision cutting tool and accuracy
can be held to close tolerances eliminating or minimizing many secondary machining operations.
Vertical Band Sawing Machine
The metal-cutting vertical band sawing machine also called a contour machine is made in
a variety of sizes and models by several manufacturers. The size of a contour machine is
determined by the throat depth, which is the distance from the saw band to the column. A vertical
band saw keeps the blade's path stationary while the work piece is moved across it. This type of
saw can be used to cut out complex shapes and angle. The part may be fed into the blade
manually or with a power assist mechanism.
Horizontal Band Saw Machine
The horizontal band sawing machine does the same job as the power hacksaw but does it
more efficiently. The blade of the band saw is actually a continuous band which revolves around
a drive wheel and idler wheel in the band support frame. Two band guides use rollers to twist the
band so that the teeth are in the proper cutting position. The guides are adjustable and should be
adjusted so that they are just slightly further apart than the width of the material to be cut.
This work proposes the prototype model of motorized hacksaw machine which is able to
cut piece without any jerk and minimum vibrations. The prototype model implies conversion of
rotary motion into the reciprocating motion for proper working of hacksaws. This prototype
model overcomes the limitations of conventional hacksaw machines which can cut single piece
at a time and is able to cut metal bars of different materials at same time and will be helpful in
many industries due to its compatibility, reliability and efficiency. The machine can be utilized
as a part of remote spots where power is customary; it is planned as a versatile one which can be
utilized for cutting in different spots. It can be utilized for working on materials like thin metals,
wood and other related materials. (Zoeb khan, 2011).
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials
Mild Steel Angle Iron (1½inch×1½inch×5mm)
The base frame is the most important component of design, as it is the component which will
hold all the vibrations and hold the cutting operation. The material used to fabricate the base
frame is Angle iron. 5mm Angle iron was used for the base frame, and the material was used due
6. 6
to its machinability, good tensile strength, durability, toughness, malleability, ductility and
availability in a wide range of dimensions.
Figure 1: Mild Steel Angle Iron (1½inch×1½inch×5mm)
Mild Steel Flat Bar (1½inch × 3mm)
A 3mm Flat bar was used as adjoining bar to connect the main frame at the top where the
hacksaw lever was fixed, in other to give rigidity and support due to its thickness and tensile
strength which makes it able to withstand any stress that may be exerted by the load.
Figure 2: Mild Steel Flat Bar (1½inch × 3mm)
Mild Steel Square Pipe (1inch and 2inches)
1inch square pipe was used as part of the main frame where the hacksaw lever and vise are fixed
upon while the 2 inches square pipe was used as a lever in which the hacksaws was fixed in.
Figure 3: Square Pipe (2inches)
7. 7
Hacksaw
Hacksaw which is the tool performing the cutting operation was fixed to a lever, which enables it
to move front and back while being connected with a connection link bar to a shaft on the motor.
A hacksaw is a fine-tooth saw with an edge under pressure in a casing. Handheld hacksaws
comprise of a metal edge with a handle and sticks for joining a thin dispensable cutting edge. A
screw or other system is utilized to put the thin cutting edge under pressure.
Figure 4: Hacksaw
AC Motor
An AC motor is an electric motor, powered by an alternate current (AC). The AC motor usually
comprises of two essential parts, an outside stationary stator having loops provided with
substituting current to deliver a pivoting attractive field and an inside rotor connected to the yield
shaft creating a second turning attractive field. The rotor attractive field might be created by
lasting magnets, hesitance saliency, DC or AC electrical windings. The responding movement of
the hacksaw sharp edge is as a result of how the cutting procedure happens and is delivered with
the assistance of an AC motor which works by a basic shaft component to change over rotating
movement of shaft into responding movement hacksaw edge. The AC motor is turned on after
the work piece has been immovably fit into the vise.
Figure 5: AC Motor
8. 8
Vise (3 inches)
A vise is a job or work piece holding device, which is a mechanical apparatus used to secure an
object to allow work to be performed on it. A Vise consists of two parallel jaws one is fixed and
the other one is movable, threaded in and out by a screw and lever. The vise is fixed on the
machine frame at a given distance, so as to provide necessary force for holding work piece
during machining and also for reducing the vibrations generated due to machining.
Figure 6: Vise (3inches)
Fabrication Process and Procedures
This contains the process, methods and procedures involve in fabricating the motorized double
hacksaw machine. The procedures include the following: Measuring and marking out, cutting,
drilling, assembling, tacking, welding, grinding, effective surface preparation and painting.
Figure 7: Measuring and marking out processes
Design Specifications
Base Frame
Materials used: Mild steel angle iron (1½inch × 1½inch × 5mm)
Dimensions: Length = 750mm Breadth = 300mm Height = 400mm.
Lever Support
Materials used: Mild steel square pipe (1inch × 1.2mm)
Dimensions: Length = 250mm Hole diameter = 8.5mm
9. 9
Adjoining Bar
Material used: Mild steel flat bar (3mm × 1½inch).
Dimensions: Length = 790mm Hole diameter = 8.5mm
Motor Sitting
Material used: Mild steel angle iron (1½ inch × 1½inch × 5mm)
Dimensions: Length = 300mm Hole diameter = 8.5mm
Hacksaw Lever
Material used: Mild steel square pipe (2inches × 1.5mm)
Dimensions: Length = 500mm Hole diameter = 8.5mm
Hacksaw Connecting Bar
Material used: Mild steel flat bar (1½inch × 3mm)
Dimensions: Length = 400.5mm Hole diameter=8.5mm
Vise Sitting
Material used: Mild steel square pipe (1½inch × 1½inch × 1.5mm)
Dimensions: Length = 240mm Breadth = 300mm Hole diameter = 8.5mm
Frame work
Dimensions: Length: 750mm Breadth: 300mm Height: 400mm
3.0 DESIGN CALCULATIONS AND RESULTS
Design Calculations
Selection of Motor
An AC motor was selected which have the following specifications:
Table 1- Motor Specifications
Power 25w
Current 0.35A
Voltage 220v
Frequency 50Hz
Speed 1250rpm
Calculation for Ac Motor:
From physics,
10. 10
Power = Torque × Angular Velocity
Torque = Power /Angular Velocity
Power = 25watt
Angular Velocity (ω) = speed in rpm × 2 × 𝜋
= 1250 × 2 × 3.142
= 7885 rad/sec.
Now Torque (T), is a measure of the force that can cause an object to rotate about an axis:
T = Power / Angular Velocity
T = 25 / 7885
T = 0.003Nm
Scotch Yoke Mechanism
Shaft diameter: 10mm Stroke Length: 101.6mm
Calculation for Scotch Yoke Mechanism
The following are some of the theoretical relationships that were used in the course of
carrying out the experimental evaluation for the procedure.
Linear velocity calculation using angular Speed Measurements:
Figure 8: Scotch Yoke Mechanism
Angular velocity (ω)
ω = 2∗𝜋∗𝑟𝑝𝑚
60
ω = 2 × 3.142 × 1250
60
= 130.92 rad/sec
Linear Velocity (v)
v = r × ω
v = 0.0514 × 7855
v = 403.75m/s.
11. 11
The torque rating was established and the electric motor selection was warranted. The
torque ratings according to the idealized experimental set up must be computed. Motor Torque
for a horizontal travel on a contact surface, the value of torque is given by:
T = ½ 𝐷 ∗ µ ∗𝑀∗𝑔
µ= coefficient of friction (steel on steel = 0.57)
M= mass of blade (0.38 kg)
g =acceleration due to gravity (9.81)
T = ½ × 0.102 × 0.57 × 0.38 × 9.81
T = 0.108Nm
Selection of Hacksaw Blade
In choosing a hacksaw blade, there is need to ensure that at least three teeth are engaged in
the work piece when cutting. Thin materials on the other hand require finer teeth (higher TPI
numbers) than thick materials. On the back stroke of the blade, no downward pressure should be
applied. One of the most significant factors to consider when choosing a hacksaw blade for a
specific material is the tooth per inch (TPI). TPI has an impact on hacksaw blade cutting
performance and longevity.
Table 2: Hacksaw Blade Specifications
Blade Width (mm) Materials to cut
14 Aluminum and other soft materials.
18 General workshop cutting.
24 Steel plates up to 5/6mm.
32 For cutting hollow section and tubing.
Figure 9: Blade Layout
12. 12
Cutting Force
Force, 𝐹𝑐, required for the cutting;
𝐹𝑐 = 𝑍×𝐾 × 𝐴 × 𝑓 x g
Where, Fc = Cutting force in N.
Z = Number of teeth in contact with work piece = 4
K = Specific pressure of cutting = 1.25 𝐾𝑔/mm2
A = Width of saw = 14𝑚𝑚
f = Feed per stroke = 0.25𝑚𝑚
𝐹𝑐 = 4 × 1.25 × 14 × 0.25 x 9.81
𝐹𝑐 = 171.68N.
Figure 10: Motorized Double Hacksaw Machine.
4.0 RESULTS, DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
Results
Several materials are cut using the motorized double hacksaw machine and conventional
hand saw. The times taken to cut each material are recorded below:
Table 3: Motorized Double Hacksaw (MDH) and Conventional Hand Hacksaw (CHH)
S/N Materials Time taken
MDH CHH
1 1inch M/s square pipe 45sec 28sec
2 2inches M/s square pipe 53sec 40sec
3 1inch galvanize round pipe 1min,53sec 1min, 20sec
4 16mm M/s round rod 4min,20sec 2min, 18sec
5 12mm rod 2min 1min, 12sec
6 1½inch×1½inch square pipe 1min 33sec
7 1½inch plastic pipe 20sec 10sec
13. 13
Discussions
From the results and graph above, it is obvious that there was a marginal increase in time
taken by the motorized hacksaw machine compared to the conventional hacksaw due to the
following reasons:
i.) The cutting force (forward and backward stroke) exacted by the handheld hacksaw is more
than the motorized hacksaw machine, thereby making the time taken to cut to be less.
ii.) The motorized double hacksaw machine cut two work-pieces at once while the conventional
handheld hacksaw only cut one work-piece. The motor driving the two hacksaws of the
motorized hacksaw machine requires torque and angular velocity (force and time rate to rotate
about an axis) before enabling cutting, which can be considered to take some few times
(seconds) unlike the conventional handheld hacksaw that does not require torque or angular
velocity before enabling cutting. Thereby, the cutting time taken is less to that of the motorized
double hacksaw machine.
Conclusions
Due to the ease of operation and low cost, the suggested model of a motorized double
hacksaw machine is useful in overcoming problems with conventional hacksaw and meets all of
the expectations needed in the micro industries. It can endure vibrations, has no jerk dangers and
requires no special training to operate. Other hacksaw machines can only cut one piece at a time,
but this one can cut two. In comparison to other hacksaw machines, this one is lighter and
portable. The machine is inexpensive, simple to run and suitable for all industries. In comparison
14. 14
to normal hacksaw machines, a programmed two-fold hacksaw machine provides exceptional
efficiency in a short period of time. The true advantage of this machine is that work interference
is minimized to the greatest extent possible.
The motorized double hacksaw machine is a very sophisticated machine that is highly
recommended in all areas of fabrication. The machine has the ability to cut two work-pieces at
once. The cutting angle must be gotten right to ensure a perfect cut.
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