GAMP 5 provides a framework for validating computerized systems used in regulated industries. It recommends a life cycle approach involving quality risk management throughout planning, development, validation and operation. Key activities for regulated companies include governance, identifying systems' impact, and ensuring compliance. Suppliers play an important role by providing documentation, testing systems, and supporting changes and maintenance. The level of validation should be based on a system's risk, complexity and novelty.
This document covers most of the topics in the CSV like Importance of CVS, Why to perform CSV, Validation Deliverables, Part 11 and Annex 11 Diferences
GAMP 5 provides guidance for computerized systems validation. It focuses on risk-based approaches and scalability of efforts based on a system's risk, complexity, and novelty. GAMP 5 also emphasizes leveraging supplier activities and avoiding duplication of efforts. The document provides a framework for life cycle activities from concept to retirement, including planning, specification, development, operation, and retirement of computerized systems.
The document discusses the FDA's 2011 guidance on a lifecycle approach to process validation. It begins by explaining the differences between the 1987 guidance and the 2011 guidance, which focuses on three stages: process design, process qualification, and continued process verification. The document then goes into detail about each stage, explaining the goals and key activities of each stage. It provides details on what should be included in process qualification protocols, execution of process qualification, and ongoing activities in continued process verification.
Contamination risks in aseptic operations come primarily from people and air. Environmental monitoring programs assess these risks by detecting airborne particles and microorganisms. Risk assessment tools help identify critical control points and establish action levels to minimize contamination risks. The goal is controlling contamination sources to ultimately ensure patient safety.
This presentation covers the manufacture and testing of all sterile drug products, including drugs that are sterilized by filtration or other means and aseptically processed, and drug products that are terminally sterilized. The type of products covered include sterile bulk drugs, ophthalmic drugs, otic dosage forms, small volume parenteral (SVS) products for small molecule and licensed biological
therapeutic drug products, large volume parenteral (LVP) products, and any other drug products required to be sterile or labeled as sterile. Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) regulated products and veterinary drug products are excluded from coverage under this program.
The guidance information is tailored to sterile manufacturing operations and should be used in conjunction with the Compliance Program for Drug Manufacturing Inspections (CP 7356.002).
The document discusses quality audit checklists and their benefits. It explains that checklists help auditors sample key elements of a quality management system in a logical, unbiased way. Checklists also keep the audit focused and reduce workload. The document then provides guidance on creating checklists for adequacy audits to evaluate whether documentation addresses all standard requirements and ensures policy and objective achievement.
GAMP 5 provides a framework for validating computerized systems used in regulated industries. It recommends a life cycle approach involving quality risk management throughout planning, development, validation and operation. Key activities for regulated companies include governance, identifying systems' impact, and ensuring compliance. Suppliers play an important role by providing documentation, testing systems, and supporting changes and maintenance. The level of validation should be based on a system's risk, complexity and novelty.
This document covers most of the topics in the CSV like Importance of CVS, Why to perform CSV, Validation Deliverables, Part 11 and Annex 11 Diferences
GAMP 5 provides guidance for computerized systems validation. It focuses on risk-based approaches and scalability of efforts based on a system's risk, complexity, and novelty. GAMP 5 also emphasizes leveraging supplier activities and avoiding duplication of efforts. The document provides a framework for life cycle activities from concept to retirement, including planning, specification, development, operation, and retirement of computerized systems.
The document discusses the FDA's 2011 guidance on a lifecycle approach to process validation. It begins by explaining the differences between the 1987 guidance and the 2011 guidance, which focuses on three stages: process design, process qualification, and continued process verification. The document then goes into detail about each stage, explaining the goals and key activities of each stage. It provides details on what should be included in process qualification protocols, execution of process qualification, and ongoing activities in continued process verification.
Contamination risks in aseptic operations come primarily from people and air. Environmental monitoring programs assess these risks by detecting airborne particles and microorganisms. Risk assessment tools help identify critical control points and establish action levels to minimize contamination risks. The goal is controlling contamination sources to ultimately ensure patient safety.
This presentation covers the manufacture and testing of all sterile drug products, including drugs that are sterilized by filtration or other means and aseptically processed, and drug products that are terminally sterilized. The type of products covered include sterile bulk drugs, ophthalmic drugs, otic dosage forms, small volume parenteral (SVS) products for small molecule and licensed biological
therapeutic drug products, large volume parenteral (LVP) products, and any other drug products required to be sterile or labeled as sterile. Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) regulated products and veterinary drug products are excluded from coverage under this program.
The guidance information is tailored to sterile manufacturing operations and should be used in conjunction with the Compliance Program for Drug Manufacturing Inspections (CP 7356.002).
The document discusses quality audit checklists and their benefits. It explains that checklists help auditors sample key elements of a quality management system in a logical, unbiased way. Checklists also keep the audit focused and reduce workload. The document then provides guidance on creating checklists for adequacy audits to evaluate whether documentation addresses all standard requirements and ensures policy and objective achievement.
This presentation is about the validation of software. It focus on the validation of software used in pharmacy. It contains definition of validation, computer system and validation of computer system. It explains the models which are used for software validation and on example i.e. HPLC software validation.
This document provides definitions and information related to computer system validation (CSV) concepts in the pharmaceutical industry. It defines key terms like CSV, data integrity, GxP compliance, regulations, guidelines, directives, and regulatory bodies. These include the US FDA, CDSCO, EMA, PIC/S, ICH, and WHO. The document also explains concepts such as regulatory affairs, computerized systems, validation, verification, qualification, and documentation like the user requirements specification and validation plan. It provides high-level overviews of documentation standards, processes, and quality practices for pharmaceutical computer systems.
This presentation describes approaches for software validation used to automate laboratory research procedures, consolidate data collection and analysis and/or run sophisticated QC or manufacturing operations.
Several approaches to software validation exist and may be appropriate for a specific project.
The scope of any validation effort depends upon a number of factors
Size and complexity of the software,
Origin of the software (custom vs. off-the-shelf) and
Whether the functions are critical or non-critical in nature.
By effectively planning the process, validation time and resources can be reduced while meeting regulatory requirements.
Overview of Computerized Systems Compliance Using the GAMP® 5 GuideProPharma Group
This document provides an overview of the GAMP 5 guide for computerized systems compliance. GAMP 5 aims to build upon existing good practices to help ensure computerized systems are fit for intended use and meet regulatory requirements. It provides a pragmatic, risk-based approach and guidance on key lifecycle activities like planning, specification, verification and change management. Quality risk management is emphasized, including identifying risks, assessing their severity and probability, and controlling high risks. The guidance is flexible and can be applied based on a system's complexity, risks and other factors.
The document discusses Good Automated Manufacturing Practice (GAMP), which are guidelines for manufacturers and users of automated systems in the pharmaceutical industry published by the International Society for Pharmaceutical Engineering (ISPE). GAMP aims to ensure pharmaceutical products have the required quality by establishing principles and procedures for validating automated systems. Key aspects of GAMP covered in the document include focusing on building quality into each stage of manufacturing rather than testing it in, covering all production aspects from raw materials to staff training. The document also summarizes the GAMP5 guidelines released in 2008, which provide a framework for validating computerized systems to ensure they are fit for use and compliant with regulations. GAMP5 emphasizes product and process understanding, a lifecycle approach,
An introduction to Life Sciences Computer System Validation, applicable regulation, SDLC phases, software categorisation, risk/ change/ deviation management, validation deliverable, risk based approach, regulatory inspection, audit findings, causes of compliance failure, key concepts in CSV etc.
Auditing of vendors and production departmentArpitSuralkar
This document outlines procedures for auditing vendors that produce capsules and sterile products. It discusses the benefits of vendor audits such as cost savings, process improvements, and risk reduction. The document describes the vendor selection process and provides a checklist for auditing vendors, which includes evaluating their premises, personnel, documentation, validation procedures, samples, stability studies, and drug recall processes. The goal of vendor audits is to inspect vendors' quality management systems and ensure they meet requirements for producing capsules and sterile medical products.
This document discusses process validation in API facilities. It defines validation and describes the different types of validation including analytical tests, equipment, process, and support process validation. It also discusses facility systems validation including design qualification, installation qualification, operational qualification, and performance qualification. The types of validation including prospective, concurrent and retrospective are described. Process validation is important to demonstrate process control and consistency and comply with regulatory requirements. Process validation requires identifying critical process parameters and critical quality attributes.
The document discusses the new approach to process validation according to ICH Q8-Q11 guidelines. It introduces Quality by Design (QbD) principles which emphasize process and product understanding through design space and control strategies. The new approach involves three stages over the product lifecycle: process design, process qualification, and continued process verification. It focuses on collecting data from the beginning of development through commercial production to scientifically prove a consistent quality product.
This Annex describes the principles of qualification and validation which are applicable to the facilities, equipment, utilities and processes used for the manufacture of medicinal products and may also be used as supplementary optional guidance for active substances without introduction of additional requirements to EudraLex, Volume 4, Part II. It is a GMP requirement that manufacturers control the critical aspects of their particular operations through qualification and validation over the life cycle of the product and process. Any planned changes to the facilities, equipment, utilities and processes, which may affect the quality of the product, should be formally documented and the impact on the validated status or control strategy assessed. Computerised systems used for the manufacture of medicinal products should also be validated according to the requirements of Annex 11. The relevant concepts and guidance presented in ICH Q8, Q9, Q10 and Q11 should also be taken into account.
Highlights of the guidance are given in following presentation.
This presentation provides information on computerized system validation from the World Health Organization (WHO). It discusses the purpose and principles of validation to ensure performance of computer systems. Key points covered include validation protocols and reports, evaluating vendor systems, requirements specifications, functional specifications, and maintaining validated systems. The presentation is intended to provide pharmaceutical professionals with latest guidance on computerized system validation.
Auditing of capsule, sterile production and packaging MittalRohit2
The document discusses vendor audits, supplier audits, and audits of sterile product manufacturing facilities. It provides information on:
- The purpose of vendor and supplier audits to assess compliance and reduce costs.
- Key areas evaluated in vendor audits like management responsibility and data integrity.
- Benefits of audits like cost savings, process improvements, and risk reduction.
- Elements of a supplier audit checklist like infrastructure, traceability, and regulatory compliance.
- Additional controls needed for sterile product manufacturing like clean rooms, air filtration, and environmental monitoring.
- Areas examined in audits of sterile facilities including equipment validation, personnel training, and media fill programs.
This document provides guidance on validation and qualification principles from the World Health Organization (WHO). It discusses the need for validation and qualification activities to ensure product quality, safety, and efficacy throughout the product lifecycle. Key aspects covered include definitions of validation terms, approaches to validation planning, and documentation requirements such as a validation master plan and protocols.
This document discusses regulations regarding the manufacture of pharmaceutical products and active ingredients, including requirements for qualifying vendors that supply materials. Strict good manufacturing practices (GMP) are required to ensure quality, safety and efficacy. Vendor qualification is important to provide assurance of drug product performance and avoid risks like contamination. The document refers to other guidance on topics like quality agreements, auditing, and assessing vendor performance on supply assurance, quality, costs, and responsiveness. Packaging component supplier audits are also discussed.
Role of quality systems and audits in pharmaceutical manufacturing environmentMalay Pandya
By regulation, appropriate practice, and common sense, quality assurance (QA) is a critical function in the pharmaceutical manufacturing environment. The need for an independent unit to audit and comment on the appropriate application of standard operating procedures, master batch records, procedures approved in product applications, and the proper functioning of the quality control (QC) unit is paramount.
This helps assure that products are manufactured reliably, with adherence to approved specifications, and that current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) are maintained in conformance to regulation, both in the facility in general and the microenvironment of each product ’s manufacturing sequence.
The document discusses the requirements and procedures for conducting an Annual Product Quality Review (APQR). It states that APQRs are required by regulatory agencies to verify process consistency, assess trends, determine needed specification or production changes, and evaluate revalidation needs. They help ensure quality standards are met and facilitate communication between manufacturing, quality, and regulatory functions. The document outlines the responsibilities, key activities, data requirements, and documentation involved in properly conducting an APQR.
ICH Q10 provides a harmonized model for a pharmaceutical quality system throughout the lifecycle of a product. It describes a quality management system for the pharmaceutical industry. The objectives of the Q10 model are to achieve product realization, establish and maintain a state of control, and facilitate continual improvement. ICH Q10 covers pharmaceutical development, technology transfer, commercial manufacturing, and product discontinuation. It is intended to enhance existing good manufacturing practice requirements and be used together with them.
This document provides a summary of a presentation by "Drug Regulations", a non-profit organization that provides online resources for pharmaceutical professionals. The presentation is compiled from freely available online sources, specifically the PIC/S website. Drug Regulations maintains a website at http://www.drugregulations.org to provide the latest information from the world of pharmaceuticals.
Overview on “Computer System Validation” CSVAnil Sharma
HI this is Anil Sharma, Executive Compliance in USV LTD. I want to share my brief knowledge on CSV with you. I hope my presentation will help you to understand basics of CSV.
AMD Opteron 4000 Series Platform Press PresentationAMD
The AMD OpteronTM 4000 Series Platform is focused on markets not adequately addressed today like cloud and hyperscale data centers. It provides the world's lowest power-per-core server processor and unprecedented platform flexibility at an exceptional value. The platform delivers extreme power efficiency for 1 and 2 socket platforms with full server features, consistency, and scalability.
VISION Technology from AMD Powered by AMD E-Series & C-Series APUsAdditionalResources
The document discusses AMD's VISION technology, which combines CPU and GPU capabilities on a single chip called an APU. It highlights key benefits of the technology like vivid HD entertainment, fast internet browsing, and accelerated applications. Performance comparisons show AMD APUs outperforming Intel processors on metrics like battery life, graphics performance, and user experience.
This presentation is about the validation of software. It focus on the validation of software used in pharmacy. It contains definition of validation, computer system and validation of computer system. It explains the models which are used for software validation and on example i.e. HPLC software validation.
This document provides definitions and information related to computer system validation (CSV) concepts in the pharmaceutical industry. It defines key terms like CSV, data integrity, GxP compliance, regulations, guidelines, directives, and regulatory bodies. These include the US FDA, CDSCO, EMA, PIC/S, ICH, and WHO. The document also explains concepts such as regulatory affairs, computerized systems, validation, verification, qualification, and documentation like the user requirements specification and validation plan. It provides high-level overviews of documentation standards, processes, and quality practices for pharmaceutical computer systems.
This presentation describes approaches for software validation used to automate laboratory research procedures, consolidate data collection and analysis and/or run sophisticated QC or manufacturing operations.
Several approaches to software validation exist and may be appropriate for a specific project.
The scope of any validation effort depends upon a number of factors
Size and complexity of the software,
Origin of the software (custom vs. off-the-shelf) and
Whether the functions are critical or non-critical in nature.
By effectively planning the process, validation time and resources can be reduced while meeting regulatory requirements.
Overview of Computerized Systems Compliance Using the GAMP® 5 GuideProPharma Group
This document provides an overview of the GAMP 5 guide for computerized systems compliance. GAMP 5 aims to build upon existing good practices to help ensure computerized systems are fit for intended use and meet regulatory requirements. It provides a pragmatic, risk-based approach and guidance on key lifecycle activities like planning, specification, verification and change management. Quality risk management is emphasized, including identifying risks, assessing their severity and probability, and controlling high risks. The guidance is flexible and can be applied based on a system's complexity, risks and other factors.
The document discusses Good Automated Manufacturing Practice (GAMP), which are guidelines for manufacturers and users of automated systems in the pharmaceutical industry published by the International Society for Pharmaceutical Engineering (ISPE). GAMP aims to ensure pharmaceutical products have the required quality by establishing principles and procedures for validating automated systems. Key aspects of GAMP covered in the document include focusing on building quality into each stage of manufacturing rather than testing it in, covering all production aspects from raw materials to staff training. The document also summarizes the GAMP5 guidelines released in 2008, which provide a framework for validating computerized systems to ensure they are fit for use and compliant with regulations. GAMP5 emphasizes product and process understanding, a lifecycle approach,
An introduction to Life Sciences Computer System Validation, applicable regulation, SDLC phases, software categorisation, risk/ change/ deviation management, validation deliverable, risk based approach, regulatory inspection, audit findings, causes of compliance failure, key concepts in CSV etc.
Auditing of vendors and production departmentArpitSuralkar
This document outlines procedures for auditing vendors that produce capsules and sterile products. It discusses the benefits of vendor audits such as cost savings, process improvements, and risk reduction. The document describes the vendor selection process and provides a checklist for auditing vendors, which includes evaluating their premises, personnel, documentation, validation procedures, samples, stability studies, and drug recall processes. The goal of vendor audits is to inspect vendors' quality management systems and ensure they meet requirements for producing capsules and sterile medical products.
This document discusses process validation in API facilities. It defines validation and describes the different types of validation including analytical tests, equipment, process, and support process validation. It also discusses facility systems validation including design qualification, installation qualification, operational qualification, and performance qualification. The types of validation including prospective, concurrent and retrospective are described. Process validation is important to demonstrate process control and consistency and comply with regulatory requirements. Process validation requires identifying critical process parameters and critical quality attributes.
The document discusses the new approach to process validation according to ICH Q8-Q11 guidelines. It introduces Quality by Design (QbD) principles which emphasize process and product understanding through design space and control strategies. The new approach involves three stages over the product lifecycle: process design, process qualification, and continued process verification. It focuses on collecting data from the beginning of development through commercial production to scientifically prove a consistent quality product.
This Annex describes the principles of qualification and validation which are applicable to the facilities, equipment, utilities and processes used for the manufacture of medicinal products and may also be used as supplementary optional guidance for active substances without introduction of additional requirements to EudraLex, Volume 4, Part II. It is a GMP requirement that manufacturers control the critical aspects of their particular operations through qualification and validation over the life cycle of the product and process. Any planned changes to the facilities, equipment, utilities and processes, which may affect the quality of the product, should be formally documented and the impact on the validated status or control strategy assessed. Computerised systems used for the manufacture of medicinal products should also be validated according to the requirements of Annex 11. The relevant concepts and guidance presented in ICH Q8, Q9, Q10 and Q11 should also be taken into account.
Highlights of the guidance are given in following presentation.
This presentation provides information on computerized system validation from the World Health Organization (WHO). It discusses the purpose and principles of validation to ensure performance of computer systems. Key points covered include validation protocols and reports, evaluating vendor systems, requirements specifications, functional specifications, and maintaining validated systems. The presentation is intended to provide pharmaceutical professionals with latest guidance on computerized system validation.
Auditing of capsule, sterile production and packaging MittalRohit2
The document discusses vendor audits, supplier audits, and audits of sterile product manufacturing facilities. It provides information on:
- The purpose of vendor and supplier audits to assess compliance and reduce costs.
- Key areas evaluated in vendor audits like management responsibility and data integrity.
- Benefits of audits like cost savings, process improvements, and risk reduction.
- Elements of a supplier audit checklist like infrastructure, traceability, and regulatory compliance.
- Additional controls needed for sterile product manufacturing like clean rooms, air filtration, and environmental monitoring.
- Areas examined in audits of sterile facilities including equipment validation, personnel training, and media fill programs.
This document provides guidance on validation and qualification principles from the World Health Organization (WHO). It discusses the need for validation and qualification activities to ensure product quality, safety, and efficacy throughout the product lifecycle. Key aspects covered include definitions of validation terms, approaches to validation planning, and documentation requirements such as a validation master plan and protocols.
This document discusses regulations regarding the manufacture of pharmaceutical products and active ingredients, including requirements for qualifying vendors that supply materials. Strict good manufacturing practices (GMP) are required to ensure quality, safety and efficacy. Vendor qualification is important to provide assurance of drug product performance and avoid risks like contamination. The document refers to other guidance on topics like quality agreements, auditing, and assessing vendor performance on supply assurance, quality, costs, and responsiveness. Packaging component supplier audits are also discussed.
Role of quality systems and audits in pharmaceutical manufacturing environmentMalay Pandya
By regulation, appropriate practice, and common sense, quality assurance (QA) is a critical function in the pharmaceutical manufacturing environment. The need for an independent unit to audit and comment on the appropriate application of standard operating procedures, master batch records, procedures approved in product applications, and the proper functioning of the quality control (QC) unit is paramount.
This helps assure that products are manufactured reliably, with adherence to approved specifications, and that current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) are maintained in conformance to regulation, both in the facility in general and the microenvironment of each product ’s manufacturing sequence.
The document discusses the requirements and procedures for conducting an Annual Product Quality Review (APQR). It states that APQRs are required by regulatory agencies to verify process consistency, assess trends, determine needed specification or production changes, and evaluate revalidation needs. They help ensure quality standards are met and facilitate communication between manufacturing, quality, and regulatory functions. The document outlines the responsibilities, key activities, data requirements, and documentation involved in properly conducting an APQR.
ICH Q10 provides a harmonized model for a pharmaceutical quality system throughout the lifecycle of a product. It describes a quality management system for the pharmaceutical industry. The objectives of the Q10 model are to achieve product realization, establish and maintain a state of control, and facilitate continual improvement. ICH Q10 covers pharmaceutical development, technology transfer, commercial manufacturing, and product discontinuation. It is intended to enhance existing good manufacturing practice requirements and be used together with them.
This document provides a summary of a presentation by "Drug Regulations", a non-profit organization that provides online resources for pharmaceutical professionals. The presentation is compiled from freely available online sources, specifically the PIC/S website. Drug Regulations maintains a website at http://www.drugregulations.org to provide the latest information from the world of pharmaceuticals.
Overview on “Computer System Validation” CSVAnil Sharma
HI this is Anil Sharma, Executive Compliance in USV LTD. I want to share my brief knowledge on CSV with you. I hope my presentation will help you to understand basics of CSV.
AMD Opteron 4000 Series Platform Press PresentationAMD
The AMD OpteronTM 4000 Series Platform is focused on markets not adequately addressed today like cloud and hyperscale data centers. It provides the world's lowest power-per-core server processor and unprecedented platform flexibility at an exceptional value. The platform delivers extreme power efficiency for 1 and 2 socket platforms with full server features, consistency, and scalability.
VISION Technology from AMD Powered by AMD E-Series & C-Series APUsAdditionalResources
The document discusses AMD's VISION technology, which combines CPU and GPU capabilities on a single chip called an APU. It highlights key benefits of the technology like vivid HD entertainment, fast internet browsing, and accelerated applications. Performance comparisons show AMD APUs outperforming Intel processors on metrics like battery life, graphics performance, and user experience.
The document introduces the 2012 AMD E-Series APU, which provides balanced computing for everyday needs. Key updates include longer battery life of up to 11 hours, two USB 3.0 ports, and performance improvements to CPU and GPU frequencies. The APUs address the growing low-cost PC market and offer leading entertainment and media capabilities. AMD's "Brazos 2.0" strategy continues with competitive positioning against Intel's Atom and Pentium products.
AMD's Lisa Su, Senior Vice President and General Manager, Global Business Units kicks off CES 2013 with a press conference at the AMD Experience Zone on Consumers and The World of Surround Computing.
This AMD technology presentation from the 2014 Game Developers Conference in San Francisco March 17-21 explains how Mantle features can enable developers to improve both CPU and GPU performance in their titles. Also view this and other presentations at http://developer.amd.com/resources/documentation-articles/conference-presentations/
The new AMD Opteron™ processor: The core of the cloud
* Designed for the inflection point around the hyper-efficient, virtualized Cloud
* Strong OEM and end-customer support out of the gate
* Superior performance, ranging from 24% to 84% in key trending workloads
* Increased virtualization scalability
* As much as 56% lower power-per-core
* Perfectly matched architecture for today’s highly threaded workloads including cloud, web, virtualization, database and HPC
This document discusses NT-501, a potential drug for treating geographic atrophy due to age-related macular degeneration. It begins by explaining that NT-501 is ciliary neurotrophic factor delivered to the retina via encapsulated cell technology implants. Studies found that NT-501 resulted in retinal thickness increases and visual acuity stabilization in patients. The conclusion is that NT-501 delivered by encapsulated cells appears to slow vision loss in geographic atrophy, especially for patients with better baseline vision.
The document provides an overview of the new AMD AM1 platform. It introduces the AMD Athlon and Sempron APUs that are part of the AM1 lineup and are designed for the entry-level desktop PC market. The AM1 platform delivers improved performance and features over previous generations at competitive price points starting at $39.
AMD Opteron 6000 Series Platform Press PresentationAMD
The document discusses AMD's Opteron 6000 Series processor platform. Key points include:
- The AMD Opteron 6000 Series processor features up to 12 cores, improved Direct Connect Architecture 2.0 with more memory channels and DIMMs, and provides more performance for less money than competitors.
- It offers up to 2.2x better performance than Intel's two-socket solutions and transforms four-socket server economics by removing the "4P tax" and providing significantly better performance and price.
- AMD's Opteron 4000 and 6000 Series platforms provide a consistent set of features across power bands, from single-socket to four-socket, making them easier for customers to use, qualify, and
AMD presented an overview of its business and strategy at its 2015 Financial Analyst Day. The presentation discussed AMD's technology investments in high-performance CPU and GPU cores, its goal of expanding into new markets beyond PCs like gaming, immersive platforms, and datacenters, and its plans to return to profitability and growth between 2015-2018 by gaining market share in profitable segments through new product launches and diversifying its revenue base. The document also contained a cautionary statement about the risks and uncertainties that could impact AMD's projections.
Das AMD-Netz.de ist eine Kollaborationsplattform für Patienten, Angehörige, Ärzte und Wissenschaft zum Thema Altersbedingte Makula Degeneration. Patienten können anhand ihrer Profildaten Patienten mit ähnlichen Profilen finden.
amd-netz.de wird vom gemeinnützigen Verein AMD-Netz NRW e.V. getragen. Die Plattform wurde von der Xi GmbH entwickelt.
AMD announced new products at Computex 2014 including new mobile performance APUs for clients, new graphics technology for the datacenter and cloud, and new embedded APUs and CPUs. For clients, AMD introduced the 2014 mobile performance APUs with up to 12 compute cores including 4 CPU cores and 8 GPU cores, along with features like HSA, Graphics Core Next, and TrueAudio. For embedded, AMD serves a wide range of markets with embedded solutions and is a compute pioneer.
El documento describe la evolución de los microprocesadores de la compañía AMD desde su fundación en 1969 hasta sus diseños actuales. Comenzó produciendo circuitos lógicos y memorias RAM, luego clonó el Intel 8080. Más tarde produjo los procesadores 286, 386 y 486 bajo licencia de Intel. Sus propios diseños incluyen las series K5, K6, Athlon y Phenom. Actualmente ofrece procesadores de 64 bits, multi-núcleo y de bajo consumo para portátiles.
El documento compara los procesadores Intel y AMD. Intel se fundó en 1968 y lanzó el primer microprocesador en 1971. AMD se fundó en 1969 y lanzó su primer microprocesador en 1975 clonando uno de Intel. Ambas compañías han lanzado varias generaciones de procesadores más rápidos desde entonces, con Intel enfocándose en velocidad y AMD enfocándose en relación rendimiento/precio. Cada procesador se especializa en diferentes tareas, por lo que el usuario debe determinar cuál satisface mejor sus necesidades.
The document repeatedly states that AMD and Microsoft held a Game Developer Day event in Stockholm, Sweden on June 2, 2014 to work with game developers.
Este documento presenta una breve historia de los principales microprocesadores desarrollados por Intel y AMD desde 1971 hasta la actualidad. Describe los modelos iniciales como el Intel 4004 y el AMD Am286, así como procesadores posteriores como el Intel 80386, AMD Athlon 64 y los procesadores multi-núcleo Phenom de AMD. También menciona otros procesadores importantes como el Intel Atom y el proyecto Larrabee de Intel para tarjetas gráficas.
AMD Bridges the X86 and ARM Ecosystems for the Data Center AMD
Presentation by Lisa Su, senior vice president and general manager, Global Business Units, AMD regarding AMD’s announcement that it will design and build 64-bit ARM technology-based processors.
Technical talk from the AMD GPU14 Tech Day by Johan Andersson in the Frostbite team at DICE/EA about Battlefield 4 on PC which is the first title that will use 'Mantle' - a very high-performance low-level graphics API being in close collaboration by AMD and DICE/EA to get the absolute best performance and experience in Frostbite games on PC.
This presentation presents how Quality Risk management can be applied in Commissioning & Qualification of Facility , System and Equipments in Pharmaceutical Facilities.
This presentation f=gives Overview of Quality Risk Management Process and presents case studies for application of QRM in Manufacturing Operations.
◦ Drug Substance Attributes
◦ Excipient Selection
◦ Process Selection
◦ Formulation Development & Optimisation
◦ “Manufacturing Process Development
This document outlines the quality risk assessment process at Hester Bioscience Limited. It discusses risk assessment for products, processes, equipment, facilities and more. Key points include:
- Quality risk assessment is a systematic process to identify, analyze, evaluate and control risks that could affect quality. It is applied across the product lifecycle.
- Risks are identified based on factors like deviations, complaints, audits and changes. They are analyzed using tools like FMEA to determine severity, likelihood and current controls.
- Identified risks are evaluated and assigned a risk level of minor, major or critical. Control measures are considered and implemented to reduce risks to acceptable levels.
- Various departments and functions are
The document discusses quality risk management in the pharmaceutical industry. It defines key risk management terms and principles, and describes the risk management process including risk assessment, control, communication and review. It provides examples of risk management tools and methods used in different applications. The integration of quality risk management into industry and regulatory operations is discussed, with the goal of improving decision making and patient safety.
This document provides an overview of quality risk management and failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA). It discusses risk as a combination of the probability of harm occurring and the severity of that harm. The quality risk management process includes risk identification, analysis, evaluation, control, and communication. FMEA is presented as a systematic method to identify and prevent product and process problems before they occur. Key aspects of FMEA covered include failure modes, effects, risk priority numbers, and using FMEA to prioritize risks for improvement actions. Scales for rating severity, occurrence, detection, and examples of applying FMEA to a drying process are also presented.
This document discusses quality risk management (QRM) and provides an overview of key QRM principles and processes. It defines key risk management terms and describes common risk management tools. The document outlines the general QRM process, which includes risk assessment, control, communication and review. It emphasizes that the level of effort for QRM should be commensurate with the level of risk. Various risk management tools are also described, including failure mode and effects analysis, hazard analysis, hazard operability analysis, and fishbone diagrams.
The document provides guidance on quality risk management as outlined in ICH Q9. It defines key terms related to risk management such as harm, hazard, risk, severity, and quality risk management. It also outlines the basic quality risk management process which includes risk identification, analysis, evaluation, control, reduction, acceptance, communication and review. The process is meant to help assess risks to quality in a systematic way and facilitate risk-based decision making. It emphasizes basing decisions on scientific knowledge and linking risks to potential harm for patients.
Risk management in development of life critical systemsScott Althouse
The document discusses risk management best practices for developing life critical systems and medical devices. It defines key safety concepts like hazards, risks, and failures. It recommends performing risk analysis early in development using methods like FMEA. It also advocates for model-driven development practices like requirements management, system modeling, and automated document generation to improve safety, quality, and compliance. Success stories are provided of medical device companies using IBM Rational solutions to develop smarter and safer products.
The document discusses risk assessment and management processes for quarries. It introduces risk assessment, outlines its key components and stages, and defines risk as the likelihood of harm occurring. The stages of risk management are identified as hazard identification, risk estimation, and risk control. Quantitative and qualitative risk assessment methods are described. Quantitative risk assessment uses numerical probabilities while qualitative uses severity and likelihood ratings. Advanced risk assessment techniques like failure modes and effects analysis and hazard and operability studies are also outlined. The document provides examples and definitions to explain the concepts of risk assessment and management.
This document discusses risk assessment and management processes for health and safety in quarries. It outlines the objectives of introducing risk assessment and defining the key components of risk management. It then describes various risk assessment methodologies like qualitative, quantitative, fault tree analysis, failure mode and effects analysis, and hazard and operability studies. Finally, it provides guidance on practical risk assessment processes based on classifying work activities, identifying hazards, determining risk, and preparing risk control plans according to the UK standard BS8800.
This document discusses risk assessment and management processes for health and safety in quarries. It outlines the objectives of introducing risk assessment and defining the key components of risk management. It then describes various risk assessment methodologies like qualitative, quantitative, fault tree analysis, failure mode and effects analysis, and hazard and operability studies. Finally, it provides guidance on practical risk assessment processes based on classifying work activities, identifying hazards, determining risk, and preparing risk control plans.
Quality by design for Pharmaceutical Industries: An introductionCovello Luca
In this presentation, I have attempted to provide a quick introduction into the main concepts behind Pharmaceutical Quality by Design, an approach that aims to ensure the quality of medicines by employing statistical, analytical and risk-management methodology in the design, development and manufacturing of drugs.
This document discusses quality risk management principles and their application in product development. It defines key risk management terms and outlines a general quality risk management process involving risk identification, analysis, evaluation, control, and review. Various risk management tools are described that can be used at different stages of the product life cycle from development through commercialization. The document concludes with a case study showing how quality risk management was applied to identify critical inputs and processes for drug product quality attributes using exhibit batches.
This document discusses hazard identification, risk assessment, and determining controls according to OHSMS 45001:2018. It provides an overview of the hazard identification and risk assessment process, including defining hazards and risks, assessing probability and severity, and determining controls. The key steps in risk assessment are outlined, such as identifying hazards, evaluating risks, and recording findings. Templates for a HIRA matrix and register are also presented. Effective hazard identification and risk assessment is important for workplace safety and compliance with standards.
hello there , During M pharm , I have presented this for seminar purpose named as '' QUALITY RISK MANAGEMENT " Hope it will reach your expectations. thank you.
This document provides an overview of a training session on quality risk management. The objectives are to provide background on ICH Q9, discuss the concept of quality risk management, and illustrate applications in the pharmaceutical industry. Potential areas where risk management can be applied are identified, including documentation, training, audits, and facilities. Approaches to quality risk management include proactive and reactive methods. Methods for risk assessment like qualitative and quantitative analyses are covered. The Failure Mode and Effects Analysis method and process are explained in detail as a basic risk management tool. Concerns about quality risk management implementation and conclusions on ICH Q9 emphasize the benefits of a systematic, risk-based approach.
This document discusses how to implement an integrated risk management approach across the quality management system. It outlines how risk management is often separated by subsystem, method, and focus currently. It then provides recommendations on how to start an integrated approach, including getting senior management approval and defining an integration strategy. Key elements of the integrated strategy discussed include focusing on risk to the patient/user, understanding the risk chain and areas of responsibility and control, and controlling outputs throughout the product lifecycle from design to use. The document then provides examples of how risk levels can be integrated into various quality processes like supplier management, process validation, and CAPA to focus efforts where risks are highest.
Similar to ASTM Standard E 2500 for Commissioning and Qualifications (20)
This document discusses guidelines for assessing elemental impurities in pharmaceutical products according to ICH Q3D. It describes a risk-based approach to evaluating potential sources of elemental impurities from drug substances, excipients, equipment and processing aids. Specific approaches are provided for assessing impurities from metal catalysts, water sources, and packaging materials. The presentation emphasizes controlling impurities through an understanding of manufacturing processes and applying appropriate testing and control strategies.
This document summarizes guidelines for analytical method validation from a presentation by the non-profit organization "Drug Regulations". Key points include: analytical methods must be validated for their intended use; validation should demonstrate accuracy, precision, specificity, linearity, range and robustness; changes may require revalidation; and transfer between labs requires verification to ensure equivalent performance.
This presentation summarizes recommendations from an ISPE working group for assessing blend and content uniformity. The group proposed modifications to address issues with the withdrawn 2002 FDA guidance. Key recommendations include a two-stage blend testing approach using statistical analysis and flexibility in selecting sampling plans, acceptance criteria, and confidence/coverage levels using a risk-based approach.
This presentation highlights the reasons which lead to the withdrawal of the 2002 Guidance of the FDA and the current issue with Blend Uniformity and Content Uniformity Determinations.
This document provides guidance for preparing a laboratory information file (LIF) according to World Health Organization guidelines. A LIF contains information about the operations, quality management, personnel, equipment, and procedures of a testing laboratory. It describes the laboratory's activities, policies, and supporting documentation in a succinct manner not exceeding 30 pages. The guidance outlines the key information that should be included in each section of a LIF.
This presentation provides information from the FDA document "QUALITY METRICS TECHNICAL CONFORMANCE GUIDE". It outlines 27 data elements for reporting quality metrics to the FDA, including information like drug name, application type, test results, complaints, and establishment details. The goal is to help ensure clear expectations for submitting quality metric data to support the FDA's objectives of ensuring safe, high-quality drug production.
This presentation is compiled by Drug Regulations, a nonprofit organization that provides online pharmaceutical resources. It discusses FDA guidance on data integrity and compliance with cGMP regulations. The guidance clarifies FDA's expectations around the creation and handling of data to ensure its reliability and accuracy according to cGMP standards.
Environmental Monitoring describes the microbiological testing under- taken in order to detect changing trends of microbial counts and micro- flora growth within cleanroom or controlled environments. The results obtained provide information about the physical construction of the room, the performance of the Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) system, personnel cleanliness, gowning practices, the equipment, and cleaning operations.
Over the past decade, environmental monitoring has become more sophisticated in moving from random sampling, using an imaginary grid over the room and testing in each grid, to the current focus on risk assessment and the use of risk assessment tools to determine the most appropriate methods for environmental monitoring.
This presentation gives current trends in the application of risk assessment to the practice of environmental monitoring.
This presentation provides information on minimizing contamination from human personnel in cleanrooms. It discusses how human skin naturally hosts many microorganisms and how cleanroom garments and practices aim to contain these microbes. Proper gowning techniques and high-quality, tightly woven fabrics are important to limit contamination from the billions of skin cells shed daily and prevent microbes from reaching sensitive products. Understanding the human microbiome helps improve strategies to exclude microorganisms from all body areas.
The document provides guidance on technology transfer between pharmaceutical manufacturing sites. It discusses that technology transfer requires a documented, planned approach with trained personnel and quality systems. A successful transfer involves the sending unit providing documentation to the receiving unit, conducting training, and jointly executing a transfer protocol. The receiving unit must demonstrate it can routinely reproduce the product or process to specifications. The guidance addresses general principles, planning, information to be transferred for active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients, process validation, and assessing a successful transfer.
This document provides guidance on preparing a site master file (SMF) for pharmaceutical manufacturing sites. It outlines the key information that should be included in an SMF, such as descriptions of quality management systems, personnel, facilities, equipment, production, quality control, distribution, and procedures for complaints and recalls. The SMF is intended to provide regulatory authorities with information on GMP compliance during inspections.
This presentation gives an overview of : Validation of microbiological methods , Considering some of the limitations and
Key criteria that may be applicable for assessment.
This document provides a summary of guidance from the World Health Organization (WHO) on good practices for pharmaceutical microbiology laboratories. It was compiled by Drug Regulations, a non-profit organization that provides online resources for pharmaceutical professionals. The guidance covers topics such as personnel qualifications, laboratory design, equipment calibration, test method validation, and environmental monitoring of sterility testing facilities.
This document summarizes guidelines published by the World Health Organization (WHO) on Quality Risk Management (QRM) for pharmaceuticals. The WHO guidelines were published in 2013 and provide an updated, risk-based approach for regulators and manufacturers to ensure quality, safety and efficacy of medicines. Key points include:
- QRM is a systematic process to assess, control, communicate and review risks to product quality throughout the product lifecycle. It can be applied both proactively and retrospectively.
- For regulators, QRM allows prioritization of inspection resources based on product risks. For manufacturers, it encourages innovation through science-based quality decisions.
- The level of QRM should be commensurate with risk
This document summarizes a presentation on pharmaceutical waters from the USP chapter 1231. It discusses various types of bulk and sterile waters used in pharmaceutical applications, including their sources, uses, and quality standards. Purified water and water for injection are produced in large volumes on-site for use in non-parenteral and parenteral preparations, respectively. Source water is treated and purified to meet chemical, microbial, and endotoxin limits defined in pharmacopeial monographs. Water systems must be validated to reliably produce water meeting all specified quality attributes.
More from GMP EDUCATION : Not for Profit Organization (20)
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
2. This presentation will cover
1. Overview of Quality Risk Management
Process
2. Application of ASTM Standard E 2500 in
Commissioning & Qualification.
www.drugregulations.org 2
6. 6
Individual: Risk is a cognitive and emotional
response to expected loss.
Society: Risk is a societal expression of expected
harm tempered by expected benefits.
Technical: Risk is usually based on the expected
value of the conditional probability of the event
occurring X the consequence of the event given that
it has occurred.
7. Risk
◦ Combination of
◦ Probability of occurrence of harm and
◦ Severity of that harm.
Harm
◦ Damage to Health including the damage that can
occur from the loss of Product Quality or
availability.
Hazard : Potential Source of Harm
8. Which consequence is more severe?
◦ 300 lives lost in single, fiery plane crash.
◦ 300 lives lost on roads over a weekend.
◦ 300 lives potentially lost from cancer within the next 20 years
Which probability is probable?
What does a “30% chance of rain tomorrow” mean?
◦ 30% of the days like tomorrow will have at least a trace of rain.
◦ 30% of the area will have rain tomorrow.
◦ 30% of the time tomorrow, it will rain.
10. Time
ProcessParameter
Lower Specification Limit (LSL)
Upper Specification Limit (USL)
today
Uncertainty
RISK: For a given severity of risk event, what are the chances
(probability) of exceeding the USL in the next period of time?
Tomorrow ?
11. Time
ProcessParameter
Lower Specification Limit (LSL)
Upper Specification Limit (USL)
today
Uncertainty
RISK: Control options are scenarios for risk management. Note
that this scenario shows the best estimate is below the USL.
Tomorrow ?
13. Risk Identification
What might go wrong?
Risk Assessment
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Risk Review
RiskCommunication
Risk Assessment
Risk Evaluation
unacceptable
Risk Control
Risk Analysis
Risk Reduction
Risk Identification
Review Events
Risk Acceptance
Initiate
Quality Risk Management Process
Output / Result of the
Quality Risk Management Process
RiskManagementtools
14. System Risk (facility & people)
◦ e.g. interfaces, operators risk, environment,
components such as equipment, IT, design elements
System Risk (organisation)
◦ e.g. Quality systems, controls, measurements,
documentation, regulatory compliance
Process Risk
◦ e.g. process operations and quality parameters
Product Risk (safety & efficacy)
◦ e.g. quality attributes:
measured data according to specifications
15. Risk Identification
What might go wrong?
Risk Analysis
What is the likelihood (probability) it will go
wrong
What are the consequences (severity)?
Risk Evaluation
What is the level of risk? Any mitigating factors?
Risk Assessment
www.drugregulations.org 15
Risk Review
RiskCommunication
Risk Assessment
Risk Evaluation
unacceptable
Risk Control
Risk Analysis
Risk Reduction
Risk Identification
Review Events
Risk Acceptance
Initiate
Quality Risk Management Process
Output / Result of the
Quality Risk Management Process
RiskManagementtools
16.
17. Risk Identification
What might go wrong?
Risk Analysis
What is the likelihood (probability) it will go
wrong
What are the consequences (severity)?
Risk Evaluation
What is the level of risk? Any mitigating factors?
Risk Assessment
www.drugregulations.org 17
Risk Review
RiskCommunication
Risk Assessment
Risk Evaluation
unacceptable
Risk Control
Risk Analysis
Risk Reduction
Risk Identification
Review Events
Risk Acceptance
Initiate
Quality Risk Management Process
Output / Result of the
Quality Risk Management Process
RiskManagementtools
Risk Reduction
Mitigation or avoidance of quality risk
Elimination of risks, where appropriate
Risk Control
Risk Acceptance
Acceptance of Residual Risk
19. Should risks
be assessed?
Are there clear rules
for decision making?
e.g. regulations
Yes
“no RM“
Risk assessment not required
(No flexibility)
Follow procedures
(e.g. Standard Operating Procedures)
Document results,
decisions and actions
CONSIDERATIONS
1. What might go wrong?
2. What is the likelihood (probability)
it will go wrong?
3. What are the consequences (severity)?No or
justification needed
Can you answer
the risk assessment
questions?
Yes
“informal RM“
Initiate Risk assessment
(risk identification, analysis & evaluation)
Run risk control
(select appropriate measures)
Agree on a team
(small project)
Select a Risk Management tool
(if appropriate e.g. see ICH Q9 Annex I)
No
“formal RM“
Carry out the
quality risk management process
Document the steps
www.drugregulations.org 19
20.
21. Supporting statistical tools
◦ Acceptance Control Charts (see ISO 7966)
◦ Control Charts (for example)
Control Charts with Arithmetic Average and
Warning Limits (see ISO 7873)
Cumulative Sum Charts; “CuSum” (see ISO 7871)
Shewhart Control Charts (see ISO 8258)
Weighted Moving Average
◦ Pareto Charts
◦ Process Capability Analysis
◦ Histograms
◦ Design of Experiments (DOE)
◦ Use others that you are familiar with….
www.drugregulations.org 21
22. Risk Assessment is not an “Exact
science”.
There is no such thing as “Zero” “ Risk”
What you need to decide is “ What is
acceptable Risk”
Risk Management is not an “one off”
activity.
23. The evaluation of
the risk to quality
should be based on
scientific knowledge
and ultimately link
to the protection
of the patient
The level of effort,
formality and
documentation
of the quality risk
management process
should be
commensurate with the
level of risk
ICH Q9
28. Centered around Documentation
Guidance was not Followed as intended
Criteria not used to gain comprehensive
understating of the Product , Process and
System
www.drugregulations.org 28
31. ASTM E 2500 -07
A consensus standard based on sound
scientific, engineering and Quality Principles
Focus on product & process design through
detailed requirements and mitigating risks in
the Design Phase
www.drugregulations.org 31
32. Focus on that which affects Product Quality
Process User Requirements Key to
acceptability
Risk Assessment and Process Knowledge
used to identify Critical Elements
Only critical features/ functions are qualified
Use of Supplier Documents
www.drugregulations.org 32
33. Science & Risk based approach to assure that
GMP Equipment & Systems are
◦ Fit for Intended Use
◦ Have been properly Installed
◦ Are Operating Correctly
Extent of Verification & Level of Detail
◦ Risk to Product Quality
◦ Risk to Patient Safety
◦ Complexity & Novelty of Manufacturing System
www.drugregulations.org 33
34. Critical Quality Attribute
◦ Physical ,chemical, biological or
microbiological property that should be
within appropriate limit , range or distribution
to ensure desired product Quality
Critical Process parameter
◦ A process parameter whose variability has an
impact on a critical quality attribute and
therefore should be monitored or controlled
to ensure process produces desired quality.
www.drugregulations.org 34
35. Critical Aspects are
◦ Functions, Features, abilities and
Performance & Quality Characteristics To
Ensure Consistent Product Quality &
Patient Safety
◦ Should be identified & documented based
on scientific product & process
understanding.
◦ Verification should focus on these aspects.
www.drugregulations.org 35
41. Step 1 : Planning and Documentation
VMP
Verification Team and Responsibilities
Document Matrix
Eligible Vendor Documentation
Select Risk Assessment Tool
FMEA can be used to Identify & Evaluate “CRITICAL ASPECTS” of a
Manufacturing System.
Engineering Change Notification
Process to document & approve modifications that occur during system
design , startup & Verification
Applicability to regulatory laws & expectations must be justified
www.drugregulations.org 41
42. Step 2 : Identify Subject Matter Expert
SME’s are responsible for Specifications,
Design & Verification
Individuals with specific expertise &
responsibility in a particular area
www.drugregulations.org 42
43. Step 3 : Requirements Definition
Process Engineering SME’s develop these
Identify specific requirements
Used further for Specifications, Design &
Verification
www.drugregulations.org 43
44. Step 4 : Risk Assessment
SME’s conduct FMEA as a design review
Identify “CRITICAL ASEPCTS” that affect
systems Installation , Operation and
Performance.
Identify Control & Verification techniques to
manage risks to an acceptable levels
www.drugregulations.org 44
45. Step 5 : Specification & Design
Leverage Qualified Vendor Expertise ( SME) to identify &
document elements which may affect Critical Quality
Attributes
Communicate factors that impact product quality to the
system designer
Strive to mitigate product quality & patient risks through
design
Functional Specifications provide acceptance criteria for
functional tests specified in the verification plan
SME’s translate URS into system description & functional
specification
www.drugregulations.org 45
46. Step 6 : Verification Plan
Verify the critical Aspects of the
Manufacturing System
Design
Properly installed
Operate correctly
Are fit for intended use
www.drugregulations.org 46
47. Step 6 : Verification Plan consists of
◦ Inventory Verification List & Verification Test Matrix
Inventory Verification List
Identifies all necessary system design &
Verification documentation
Serves as a Document acquisition checklist
Contains : URS , FS, HSD , SDS , P & ID’s ,
Electrical & Mechanical Drawings , manuals, a risk
analysis report , Verification Testing Matrix ,
Verification Protocol & Report
www.drugregulations.org 47
48. Step 6 : Verification Plan consists of
Verification Test Matrix
Identifies Critical Testing based on Risk Levels, Design
Documentation & SME Input
Identifies Chronological point when testing will be done
◦ Factory , Installation , Start up , Qualification
NON CRITICAL ASPECTS are documented using the IVL
checklist .
Do not require SME oversight or QA Personnel.
CRITICAL ASPECTS require SME scrutiny & documented in
Verification Test Protocol
◦
www.drugregulations.org 48
49. Step 6 : Verification Plan consists of
Verification Test Matrix
Acceptance criteria are derived from
Functional Requirements in : URS & FS
VTP lists test to mitigate High Risk aspects
Tests to demonstrate system functionality,
features, capacity, and output quality.
Critical Tests are generally executed only
once.
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50. Step 6 : Verification Plan consists of
Verification Test Matrix
VTP contains only the critical testing
necessary to verify that
A system is properly installed
It operates correctly
Fit for its intended use
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51. Step 6 : Verification Plan consists of
Verification Test Matrix
VTP organizes testing as it pertains to
Installation/ Utility Verification
Startup/ Operation Verification
Functional / Performance Verification
These phases can be used to satisfy Annex
15 requirements.
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52. Step 6 : Verification Plan consists of
Verification Test Matrix
The value of VTP is isolation of CRITICAL
TESTING needed to verify a system.
CRITICAL TESTING is reviewed by SME & QA
Other testing and documentation are moved
to IVL checklist.
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53. Step 7 : Verification Plan Execution
Verification Test Matrix identifies when testing
document acquisition for the IVL & VTP will
happen
Testing may be performed as a part of FAT / SAT
protocols or
Performed according to test functions within a
VTP
Testing of NON CRITICAL ASPECTS is more simply
verified using IVL
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54. Step 8 : SYSTEM Verification Report
Reviews testing conducted during System Design
, Fabrication , Installation , Start Up &
Verification.
Report is written by an Independent SME
Independent review of protocol exceptions ,
deviations & punch list
Summarizes system performance data
Concludes whether the system is or is not FIT
FOR INTENDED USE
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55. Step 9 : GMP Release
Performed by QA
QA verifies compliance with other other GMP
systems : Training , calibration , maintenance,
operating procedures & change Management.
Step 10 : GMP operation & Change Management
Modifications are controlled through Change
Management with focus on CRITICAL ASPECTS &
SYSTEM PERFORMACE
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