A multi-meter is a handheld device that technicians and engineers use to measure voltage, current, resistance, and continuity in electrical circuits. It functions as a voltmeter, ammeter, and ohmmeter. There are different types, including analog, digital, and Fluke multi-meters. To measure current, the multi-meter must be inserted into the circuit to break the current flow and detect the level passing through. Proper probe placement and range selection are important to get an accurate current reading without overloading the multi-meter.
More Basics of Electrical and Electronics can be see on http://bit.ly/2PIOIQM
A multimeter or a multitester, also known as a VOM, is an electronic measuring instrument that combines several measurement functions in one unit. A typical multimeter can measure voltage, current, and resistance. Analog multimeters use a microammeter with a moving pointer to display readings.
More Basics of Electrical and Electronics can be see on http://bit.ly/2PIOIQM
A multimeter or a multitester, also known as a VOM, is an electronic measuring instrument that combines several measurement functions in one unit. A typical multimeter can measure voltage, current, and resistance. Analog multimeters use a microammeter with a moving pointer to display readings.
Electrical instruments are instruments that use the mechanical movement of electromagnetic meter to measure voltage, power, current… Electrical technicians require electrical measurement equipment to check the electrical activity and to detect the presence of voltage or current. By using this instrument we can measure electrical parameters such as voltage, frequency, current, power factor, and resistance. Electrical measurements are depended upon either current or voltage while measuring the frequency we will be measuring the frequency of a current signal or a voltage signal.
Electrical instruments are instruments that use the mechanical movement of electromagnetic meter to measure voltage, power, current… Electrical technicians require electrical measurement equipment to check the electrical activity and to detect the presence of voltage or current. By using this instrument we can measure electrical parameters such as voltage, frequency, current, power factor, and resistance. Electrical measurements are depended upon either current or voltage while measuring the frequency we will be measuring the frequency of a current signal or a voltage signal.
These Safety Warning Signs should be used to make people aware of a nearby danger. For example, Danger Signs, Hazard Symbols, Electrical Safety Warning Signs, Hazard Signs, Hazardous Signs, Warning Danger Signs can be used to indicate a flammable liquid store or a laboratory where radioactive substances are in use should have an appropriate Warning Sign near the entrance. Signs Warning of a particular Hazard consist of a black band in the shape of an equilateral triangle. The background within the band should be yellow with the pictogram indicating the type of Hazard in black positioned centrally on the Warning Safety Sign.
How to Make Awesome SlideShares: Tips & TricksSlideShare
Turbocharge your online presence with SlideShare. We provide the best tips and tricks for succeeding on SlideShare. Get ideas for what to upload, tips for designing your deck and more.
Ammeter is a low resistance galvanometer
It is used to measure the current in a circuit in amperes
Galvanometer can be converted into an ammeter by using a low resistance wire in parallel with the galvanometer
the resistance of the wire depends upon the range of the ammeter
As shunt resistance is small the combined resistance of the galvanometer & the shunt is very low hence the ammeter has much lower resistance than galvanometer
An ideal ammeter has zero resistance
It is the most common instrument used to measure voltage
It measure either AC or DC voltage
It is a measure of the voltage between two points of an electrical current
Electrical measurement & measuring instruments [emmi (nee-302) -unit-4]Md Irshad Ahmad
AC Potentiometers-Polar type & Co-ordinate type AC potentiometers, application of AC
Potentiometers inelectrical measurement. (4)
(2)Magnetic Measurement-Ballistic galvanometer, Flux meter ,Determination of hysteresis
loop, measurement of iron losses.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Design and Analysis of Algorithms-DP,Backtracking,Graphs,B&B
Assignment2
1. [Type text]
A Multi meter is an electronic instrument, every electronic technician and engineers
widely used piece of test equipment. Multi meter is mainly used to measure the three
basic electrical characteristics of voltage, current and resistance. It can also be used to test
continuity between two points in a electrical circuit. This post mainly introduces the basic
information of multi meter, applications and types of multi meter are in. Let’s see all of
these.
PRICIPLE:
Multi meter has multi functionalities like, it acts like ammeter, voltmeter and ohmmeter.
It is a handheld device with positive and negative indicator needle over a numeric LCD
digital display. Multi meters can be used for testing batteries, household wiring, electric
motors and power supplies.
Types of Multi meters:
There are different types of multi meter like Analog, Digital and Fluke multi meters.
Digital Multi meter:
We mostly used multi meter is digital multi meter (DMM). The DMM performs all
functions from AC to DC other than analog. It has two probes positive and
negative indicated with black and red color is shown in figure. The black probe
connected to COM JACK and red probe connected by user requirement to measure
ohm, volt or amperes. The jack marked VΩ and the COM jack on the right of the
picture are used for measuring voltages, resistance and for testing a diode. The two
jacks are utilized when LCD display that shows what is being measured .
Overload protection that prevents damage to the meter and the circuit, and protects
the user.
MULTIMETER
2. The Digital Multi meter basically consists of a LCD display, a knob to select various
ranges of the three electrical characteristics, an internal circuitry consisting of a
signal conditioning circuitry, an analog to digital converter. The PCB consists of
concentric rings which are connected or disconnected based on the position of
the knob. Thus as the required parameter and the range is selected, the section of
the PCB is activated to performthe corresponding measurement. To measurethe
resistance, currentflows froma constant currentsourcethrough the unknown
resistor and the voltage across the resistor is amplified and fed to a Analog to
Digital Converter and the resultant output in formof resistanceis displayed on
the digital display. To measure an unknown ACvoltage, the voltage is first
attenuated to get the suitable rangeand then rectified to DC signal and the
analog DC signalis fed to A/D converter to get the display, which indicates the
RMS value of the AC signal. Similarly to measurean AC or DCcurrent, the
unknown inputis firstconverted to voltage signal and then fed to analog to digital
converter to get the desired output(with rectification in case of AC signal).
Analog Multi meter:
The Analog Multi meter or VOM (Volt-Ohm- Milli ammeter) is constructed using
a moving coil meter and a pointer to indicate the reading on the scale. The moving
coil meter consists of a coil wound around a drum placed between two permanent
magnet. As current passes through the coil, magnetic field is induced in the coil
which reacts with the magnetic field of the permanent magnets and the resultant
force causes the pointer attached to the drum to deflect on the scale, indicating the
current reading. It also consists of springs attached to the drum which provides an
opposing force to the motion of the drum to control the deflection of the pointer.
3. [Type text]
For measurement of DC current, the D Arsonval movement described above can
be directly used. However the current to be measured should be lesser than the full
scale deflection current of the meter. For higher currents the current divider rule is
applied. Using different values of shunt resistors, the meter can also be used for
multi range current measurement. For current measurement the instrument is to be
connected in series with the unknown current source.
For measurement of DC voltage, a resistor is connected in series with the meter
and the meter resistance is taken into account such that the current passing through
the resistor is same as the current passing through the meter and the whole reading
indicates the voltage reading. For voltage measurement, the instrument is to be
connected in parallel with the unknown voltage source. For multi range
measurement, different resistors of different values can be used, which are
connected in series with the meter.
For measurement of resistance, the unknown resistance is connected in series with
the meter and across a battery, such that the current passing through the meter is
directly proportional to the unknown resistance.
For AC voltage or current measurement, the same principle is applied, except for
the fact that the AC parameter to be measured is first rectified and filtered to get
the DC parameter and the meter indicates the RMS value of the AC signal.
The two mainfactors affectingthe measurementare the sensitivityandthe accuracy. Sensitivityrefers
to the reciprocal of the full scale deflectioncurrentandismeasuredinohmspervolt.
Fluke Multi meter:
The fluke multi meters are protected against the transient voltage. It is a small portable device
used to measure voltage, current and test diodes. The multi meter has multi selectors to select the
desired function. The fluke MM automatically ranges to select most measurements. This means
the magnitude of the signal does not have to be known or determined to take an accurate reading,
it directly moved to the appropriate port for the desired measurement. The fuse is protected to
prevent the damage, if connected to wrong port.
4.
Current measurements are easy to make, but they are done in a slightly
different way to the way in which voltage and other measurements are
made. However current measurements often need to be made to find
out whether a circuit is operating correctly, or to discover other facts
associated with its current consumption.
... both digital and analogue multi meters are able to measure current....
Basics of current measurement
Current measurements are made in a different way to voltage and other measurements. Current
consists of a flow of electrons around a circuit, and it is necessary to be able to monitor the
overall flow of electrons. In very simple circuit is shown below. In this there is a battery, a bulb
which can be used as an indicator and a resistor. To change the level of current flowing in the
5. [Type text]
circuit it is possible to change the resistance, and the amount of current flowing can be gauged by
the brightness of the bulb.
https://www.electronics-notes.com/images/multimeter-current-measurement-01.svg
( A simple circuitinwhichtomeasure current )
When using a multi meter to measurecurrent, the only way that can
be used to detect the level of current flowing is to break into the
circuit so that the currentpasses through the meter. Although this can
be difficult at times, it is the best option. A typical current
measurement can be made as shown below. Fromthis it can be seen
that the circuit in which the currentis flowing has to be broken and
the multi meter inserted into the circuit. In somecircuits where
currentmay often need to be measured, terminals with a shorting link
may be added to facilitate the currentmeasurement
https://www.electronics-notes.com/images/multimeter-current-measurement-02.svg
In order that the multi meter does not alter the operation of the circuit when it is used
to measure current, the resistance of the meter must be as low as possible. For measurements
of around an amp, the resistance of a meter should be much less than an ohm. For example if a
meter had a resistance of one ohm, and a current of one amp was flowing, then it would
develop a voltage of one volt across it. For most measurements this would be unacceptably
high. Therefore resistances of meters used to measure current are normally very low.
How to measure current with an analogue multi meter
It is quite easy to use an analogue meter to measure electrical current. There are a few minor
differences in way that current measurements are made, but the same basic principles are used.
6. ... analogue multi meters are also able to measure current easily and accurately....
When using the meter it is possible to follow a number of simple steps:
1. Insert the probes into the correct connections - this is required because there may be a
number of different connections that can be used. Be sure to get the right connections as
there may be separate connections for very low or very high current ranges.
2. Set switch to the correct measurement type (i.e. to measure current) and range for the
measurement to be made. When selecting the range, ensure that the maximum for the
particular range chosen is above that anticipated. The range on the multimeter can be
reduced later if necessary. However by selecting a range that is too high, it prevents the
meter being overloaded and any possible damage to the movement of the meter itself.
3. When taking the reading , optimise the range for the best reading. If possible adjust it so
that the maximum deflection of the meter can be gained. In this way the most accurate
reading will be gained.
4. Once the reading is complete, it is a wise precaution to place the probes into the voltage
measurement sockets and turn the range to maximum voltage position. In this way if the
meter is accidentally connected without thought for the range to be used, there is little
chance of damage to the meter. This may not be true if it left set for a current reading,
and the meter is accidentally connected across a high voltage point!
How to measure current with a digital multi meter
To measure current with a digital multi meter it is possible to follow a few simple steps:
1. Turn the meteron
2. Insertthe probesintothe correct connections - inmanymetersthere are a numberof different
connectionsforthe probes.Oftenone labeled commonintowhichthe blackprobe isnormally
placed.The otherprobe shouldbe enteredintothe correctsocket forthe currentmeasurement
to be made.Sometimesthere isaspecial connectionforcurrentmeasurements,andsometimes
a separate one for eitherloworhighcurrentmeasurements.Selectthe correctone forthe
currentmeasurementtobe made.
3. Setmainselectorswitchonthe meterswitchto the correct measurementtype,(i.e.current)
and range for the measurementtobe made.Whenselectingthe range,ensure thatthe
maximumrange isabove the expectedreadinganticipated.The range onthe DMM can thenbe
reducedasnecessary.Howeverbyselectingarange that istoo high,itpreventsthe meterbeing
overloaded.
7. [Type text]
4. Whenthe measuringthe current, optimise the range forthe bestreading.If possibleenable all
the leadingdigitstonotreadzero,and inthis way the greatestnumberof significantdigitscan
be read.
5. Once the readingiscomplete,itisa wise precautiontoplace the probesintothe voltage
measurementsocketsandturnthe range to maximumvoltage.Inthiswayif the meteris
accidentallyconnected withoutthoughtforthe range used,there islittle chance of damage to
the meter.Thismay notbe true if it leftsetfora current reading,andthe meterisaccidentally
connectedacrossa highvoltage point!
Summary
Although it is not as common to measure electrical current as it is to
measure voltage, it is nevertheless and important ability to be able to
measure current. Also knowing how to measure current to gain the best
of the multi meter is also important.
THANK YOU