The document discusses challenges faced by firefighters in the Philippines when responding to fire incidents. It describes issues like lack of resources, outdated equipment, and minimal staffing that can delay response times and reduce effectiveness. Interviews were conducted with 10 firefighters who discussed 5 main themes: 1) Scarcity in resources like staff, trucks, and protective gear made responding difficult; 2) Firefighting is arduous work that is physically and mentally taxing; 3) Responders face frustration from these challenges; 4) Cooperation with the public is important for safety and prevention; 5) Responders are motivated to serve the people despite obstacles. The study aims to understand firefighters' perspectives to help address gaps and improve response capabilities.
Fire Prevention Program (FPP) of the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) in Urdan...Jo Balucanag - Bitonio
This thesis evaluates the Fire Prevention Program (FPP) of the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) in Urdaneta City. It examines the implementation of the FPP from 2006-2007, including the level of compliance by business/building owners to fire safety standards. It identifies problems encountered by BFP personnel and residents, and solutions adopted. The study found that while the FPP was effectively implemented, there were issues like lack of equipment and personnel for BFP. It concluded with recommendations such as providing more training for BFP personnel and addressing their problems.
Methodology
• Discussion
• Actual Demonstration
• Written Test
• Clip Art Visualization
Assessment Method
• Observation
• Answer Key on Written test
• Questioning Answer
Recap
• MODULE I 7 hrs
• MODULE II 4 hrs
• MODULE III 7 hrs
• MODULE IV 8 hrs
• MODULE V 4 hrs
• MODULE VI 2 hrs
• MODULE VII 11 hrs
Total No. of Training Hours 43 hrs
Total No. of Training Days 7 days (including distribution of Certificates)
This study utilized the descriptive-correlational design to gather data from 65 respondents in the 50th barangay of Ozamiz City. An adapted survey questionnaire was the main instrument used in gathering data for the study. Results revealed that the level of effectiveness of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) in relation to public safety and the implementation of curfew hours as perceived by the 50th Barangay Resident of Ozamiz City was very effective in the level of implementation of curfew hours. While in the problems encountered by the responders during the implementation of curfew for Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) resulted as not serious. As to the level of performance of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) the result revealed satisfactory ratings among the BPAT. And lastly, the level of public safety of the 50th barangay residents got a safe rating by the community. The researcher recommended that the Barangay Peacekeeping Action team are encouraged to continue their effectiveness in the implementation of curfew hours and public safety. Furthermore, this study will show the barangay peacekeeping action team's dedication to their duty to maintaining peace and order in their community.
Compliance with the Fire Code of the PhilippinesJasmin Comoda
This document provides an introduction to a study on compliance with the Fire Code of the Philippines (RA 9514) among households and establishments in Pototan Municipality for 2012-2013. It discusses the importance of fire safety and prevention efforts that require community collaboration. The study aims to determine the extent of compliance with the Fire Code and identify possible reasons for non-compliance such as lack of awareness, education, or means to provide firefighting equipment. The research questions, hypotheses, variables, and methodology are presented.
This document provides revised guidelines for the standard preparation of communications within the Philippine National Police (PNP). It outlines the objectives, definitions, general guidelines, and specific guidelines to harmonize document layouts and ensure a unified communications format throughout the PNP. The guidelines cover topics such as letter formats, references, distribution lists, and procedures for classified documents. The goal is to establish a single standard for communication preparation to correct past issues and ensure consistency in communications from top-level management down to all PNP offices and units.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN PROTECTION DESK PROGRAM AND SERVICES...Jo Balucanag - Bitonio
The document discusses the implementation of the Women and Children Protection Desk (WCPD) program and services in the Cordillera Administrative Region of the Philippines. It finds that most WCPDs are located in Baguio City and the province of Benguet and were established in the 1990s. The desks are typically staffed by 1-10 employees and have limited facilities, with most located in police stations. Common crimes addressed include physical and sexual violence, as well as theft involving children. Leadership of WCPD officers is rated as very satisfactory. Implementation of preventive services, such as seminars and information dissemination, occurs often.
This document outlines the organization and operations of Barangay Peacekeeping Action Teams (BPATs) in the Philippines. BPATs are composed of barangay officials, police, and community members working together to maintain peace and order at the local level. They conduct neighborhood patrols, engage in crime prevention, and provide disaster response. The document details the formation, training, roles, and assessment of BPATs to effectively partner police and communities in local peacekeeping efforts.
The Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction Management PlanBarangay Hall
The document is the Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction Management Plan for Barangay 465 in Manila for 2013-2016. It was submitted by Punong Barangay Alexander T. Tasarra. The plan outlines the barangay's profile, history of past calamities, contingency and evacuation plans, priority projects, and inventory of disaster equipment. It aims to educate residents and prepare for potential natural disasters to minimize their impact on the community.
Fire Prevention Program (FPP) of the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) in Urdan...Jo Balucanag - Bitonio
This thesis evaluates the Fire Prevention Program (FPP) of the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) in Urdaneta City. It examines the implementation of the FPP from 2006-2007, including the level of compliance by business/building owners to fire safety standards. It identifies problems encountered by BFP personnel and residents, and solutions adopted. The study found that while the FPP was effectively implemented, there were issues like lack of equipment and personnel for BFP. It concluded with recommendations such as providing more training for BFP personnel and addressing their problems.
Methodology
• Discussion
• Actual Demonstration
• Written Test
• Clip Art Visualization
Assessment Method
• Observation
• Answer Key on Written test
• Questioning Answer
Recap
• MODULE I 7 hrs
• MODULE II 4 hrs
• MODULE III 7 hrs
• MODULE IV 8 hrs
• MODULE V 4 hrs
• MODULE VI 2 hrs
• MODULE VII 11 hrs
Total No. of Training Hours 43 hrs
Total No. of Training Days 7 days (including distribution of Certificates)
This study utilized the descriptive-correlational design to gather data from 65 respondents in the 50th barangay of Ozamiz City. An adapted survey questionnaire was the main instrument used in gathering data for the study. Results revealed that the level of effectiveness of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) in relation to public safety and the implementation of curfew hours as perceived by the 50th Barangay Resident of Ozamiz City was very effective in the level of implementation of curfew hours. While in the problems encountered by the responders during the implementation of curfew for Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) resulted as not serious. As to the level of performance of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) the result revealed satisfactory ratings among the BPAT. And lastly, the level of public safety of the 50th barangay residents got a safe rating by the community. The researcher recommended that the Barangay Peacekeeping Action team are encouraged to continue their effectiveness in the implementation of curfew hours and public safety. Furthermore, this study will show the barangay peacekeeping action team's dedication to their duty to maintaining peace and order in their community.
Compliance with the Fire Code of the PhilippinesJasmin Comoda
This document provides an introduction to a study on compliance with the Fire Code of the Philippines (RA 9514) among households and establishments in Pototan Municipality for 2012-2013. It discusses the importance of fire safety and prevention efforts that require community collaboration. The study aims to determine the extent of compliance with the Fire Code and identify possible reasons for non-compliance such as lack of awareness, education, or means to provide firefighting equipment. The research questions, hypotheses, variables, and methodology are presented.
This document provides revised guidelines for the standard preparation of communications within the Philippine National Police (PNP). It outlines the objectives, definitions, general guidelines, and specific guidelines to harmonize document layouts and ensure a unified communications format throughout the PNP. The guidelines cover topics such as letter formats, references, distribution lists, and procedures for classified documents. The goal is to establish a single standard for communication preparation to correct past issues and ensure consistency in communications from top-level management down to all PNP offices and units.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN PROTECTION DESK PROGRAM AND SERVICES...Jo Balucanag - Bitonio
The document discusses the implementation of the Women and Children Protection Desk (WCPD) program and services in the Cordillera Administrative Region of the Philippines. It finds that most WCPDs are located in Baguio City and the province of Benguet and were established in the 1990s. The desks are typically staffed by 1-10 employees and have limited facilities, with most located in police stations. Common crimes addressed include physical and sexual violence, as well as theft involving children. Leadership of WCPD officers is rated as very satisfactory. Implementation of preventive services, such as seminars and information dissemination, occurs often.
This document outlines the organization and operations of Barangay Peacekeeping Action Teams (BPATs) in the Philippines. BPATs are composed of barangay officials, police, and community members working together to maintain peace and order at the local level. They conduct neighborhood patrols, engage in crime prevention, and provide disaster response. The document details the formation, training, roles, and assessment of BPATs to effectively partner police and communities in local peacekeeping efforts.
The Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction Management PlanBarangay Hall
The document is the Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction Management Plan for Barangay 465 in Manila for 2013-2016. It was submitted by Punong Barangay Alexander T. Tasarra. The plan outlines the barangay's profile, history of past calamities, contingency and evacuation plans, priority projects, and inventory of disaster equipment. It aims to educate residents and prepare for potential natural disasters to minimize their impact on the community.
Barangay 465 Disaster Risk Reduction Management PlanBarangay Hall
The document provides information about Barangay 465's Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (BDRRM) plan. It defines key terms, outlines the barangay's vision, goals and hazards. It also includes details of the barangay's population, facilities, and BDRRM budget. The plan aims to ensure preparedness and an effective response in case of disasters through training, equipment, and clear roles of the BDRRM council.
Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) camera have recently become an indispensable part of daily life. Cameras are of vital importance as significant elements of security systems in different buildings and establishments such as houses, stores, and shopping malls. Also, millions of CCTV cameras are installed in streets with the goal of reducing crimes, preventing crimes, and increasing public safety. Effectiveness of the installation of CCTV cameras in relation to crime prevention aims to determine the effectiveness of CCTV cameras in the selected barangays of Ozamiz City, usefulness in crime prevention with respect to traffic violations, crimes against person and crimes against properties and to propose an action-based plan based on the results of the study. The study utilized descriptive-correlational design, mean and standard deviation was used to analyze the gathered data. Results revealed that the installation of CCTV cameras are very effective in crime prevention as it monitors and records the scenes 24/7 that can help in solving any reported crimes such as theft or robbery incident. Moreover, the installation of CCTV cameras is very useful in crimes against person and crimes against properties as well as in preventing traffic violations because CCTV can be used as evidence in court, and it will help the authorities solve any crimes and when drivers are aware that CCTV are monitoring the roads and traffic, they will adhere to the laws set by the authorities for fear of getting penalized.
This document discusses Republic Act 10121, which requires the Philippine government and citizens to prepare for disasters. It notes that the Philippines is the 5th most at-risk country for disasters due to its geography, climate, and human-induced calamities. RA 10121 was implemented to reduce loss of life and damage from natural and human-made disasters by preparing the population. The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) coordinates preparation, mitigation, response and recovery efforts. Local governments also have disaster councils to coordinate responses at the barangay, city/municipal and provincial levels. The law aims to improve disaster readiness in the high-risk Philippines.
The document contains messages from several Philippine government officials congratulating the Philippine National Police (PNP) on publishing their "Compendium of Six Operational Master Plans". The compendium provides concise summaries of the PNP's operational plans to address threats like criminality and will help officers better understand and implement the plans. The officials encourage all PNP officers to read the compendium to effectively carry out their tasks according to applicable laws and procedures.
This document provides information on photography and forensic photography. It defines photography, police photography, and forensic photography. It discusses the history and evolution of photography, including important figures like Daguerre, Talbot, and Eastman. It describes camera parts and functions, focusing controls, aperture, shutter speed, and types of cameras and shutters. The document also covers principles of photography, handling cameras properly, and avoiding camera shake.
This document provides information and sample formats for legal forms used in investigations, including memorandums, civilian letters, and investigation reports. It discusses the typical parts and guidelines for each type of legal form. Sample formats are provided for an investigation report and a legal format for a case report, detailing the standard sections to include for each: authority, matters investigated/details, facts of the case, discussion, and conclusions. Common defects seen in communications from law enforcement offices are also listed.
This document provides an overview of fire technology and arson investigation. It discusses the early human use of fire, the chemistry and elements of fire including the fire triangle and tetrahedron. It describes the different states of matter and how heating causes pyrolysis which produces combustible vapors. Solid, liquid and gaseous fuels are classified and their properties discussed. The physical and chemical properties of fire are also summarized.
This document summarizes a police report form and procedures for recording incidents in police blotters and reports. It discusses the legal basis and importance of police blotters, as well as the proper procedures, contents, and samples for completing entries in the blotter. Key details like names of involved individuals, date, time, location, and narrative of incidents should be recorded accurately and signed by responding officers.
Philippine National Police Criminal Investigation ManualHarve Abella
This document is the revised 2011 Philippine National Police Criminal Investigation Manual. It provides guidelines and procedures for criminal investigations conducted by PNP officers. The manual covers general investigation procedures and details the investigation process for specific crimes defined in the Revised Penal Code of the Philippines such as crimes against public order, public interest, persons, and liberty.
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a newly found coronavirus that causes an infectious disease. Infected patients may develop mild to moderate respiratory infections and recover without the need for specific treatment. Barangay Tanods is at the forefront of maintaining peace and order. They are made up of civilian volunteers who protect the community from irregular forces while also demonstrating their commitment to crime prevention by acting as deterrents to criminals, particularly in places where police are scarce. The BPAT is a national program of the PNP to encourage people empowerment from the community to address the real-time response in case a need arises, be it peace and order, security, or rescue related matters. The study will utilize a descriptive type of research. A descriptive type of research accurately and systematically describes the responses of the population considered in a particular study. The results revealed that the overall performance of barangay tanod was excellent, regardless of age, educational attainment, or gender. There were no significant differences in the performance of tanods divided into different groups. On the other hand, the delivery of BPAT services for crime prevention needs to be enhanced. The goal of this research is to assess the BPAT’s performance during the COVID-19 pandemic in the urban barangays in Ozamiz City, which includes the following: Barangay Aguada, Barangay Carmen Annex and Barangay Catadman in terms of patrolling, cooperation with other barangay officials, and health and safety protocol execution.
The lupon is the conciliation body in each barangay composed of the punong barangay as chair and 10-20 members appointed every 3 years. The lupon aims to settle disputes amicably through mediation and constitutes conciliation panels called pangkat ng tagapagkasundo for each dispute. The pangkat, composed of 3 members chosen by the parties, hears both sides and explores settlement within 15 days. The objectives of barangay conciliation include decongesting courts and promoting speedy justice through alternative dispute resolution at the barangay level.
The document outlines standard operating procedures for Philippine National Police (PNP) operations. It details 9 rules that all PNP personnel must follow, including respecting human rights, only using necessary force, requiring approval for operations, and coordinating with other units. It provides guidelines for various types of police operations, use of uniforms and weapons, and responding to calls. The procedures aim to ensure public safety while respecting dignity and within legal boundaries.
This document provides an overview of comparative police systems and globalization's effects on law enforcement. It discusses key concepts like transnational crime, terrorism, and weapons of mass destruction. It also summarizes several major police models from countries like Japan, Singapore, and Australia. Furthermore, it outlines United Nations conventions and organizations that promote international cooperation against transnational criminal threats.
The document outlines the development and implementation of a Balanced Scorecard system within the Philippine National Police (PNP). It discusses how the PNP aimed to transform itself in response to issues like corruption and human rights abuses. The PNP adopted the Balanced Scorecard, using its existing Integrated Transformation Program as the framework. The Balanced Scorecard included four perspectives - Community, Resource Management, Process Excellence, and Learning and Growth. It provided a strategic roadmap to guide PNP projects and activities toward achieving organizational goals like increased community safety and police credibility. The document reviews the steps taken to develop the PNP's Balanced Scorecard strategy map and implementation plan.
This document defines terms related to ethics, values, and conduct for public officials and employees in the Philippines according to Republic Act No. 6713. It includes 22 terms to define, such as crime, dishonesty, disloyalty to the government, and gift. It also discusses the core values of the Philippine National Police (PNP), including love of God, respect for authority, and service to people. The document outlines ethical standards, customs, ceremonies and traditions of the PNP regarding professional conduct, discipline, secrecy, and courtesy.
This document provides guidelines for writing memorandums within a police service. It discusses the purpose and tone of memorandums, including impersonal tone from superiors to subordinates and more formal tone from subordinates to superiors. Key parts of a memorandum are outlined, including the heading with address, subject, date; body with paragraphs and references; and complimentary ending with signature and lists of enclosures and copies. Proper formatting of memorandums, such as font, spacing, indentation and page numbering, is also described.
Pnp pre charge evaluation and summary hearing guiderengar23
This document introduces a guide for the Philippine National Police's (PNP) internal discipline mechanism. It aims to address issues like a lack of familiarity with disciplinary procedures and inadequate training for pre-charge evaluators and summary hearing officers. The guide provides step-by-step procedures for handling complaints from receipt to final resolution. It includes sample forms, scripts for hearings, and appendices with relevant PNP memoranda to help users efficiently and systematically resolve administrative cases. The goal is to help the PNP better investigate and discipline its own members to uphold justice and accountability.
This document outlines 22 sections of Article III of the Bill of Rights in the Philippines. It describes various rights and protections for citizens, including the right to life, liberty and property; freedom of speech, religion and assembly; protections against unreasonable searches and seizures; right to due process and a fair trial; prohibition of cruel punishment; and right against double jeopardy and ex post facto laws.
Parole is the early release of a prisoner from prison after serving the minimum period of their indeterminate sentence. The Board of Pardons and Parole, under the Department of Justice, has the authority to grant parole to prisoners. A prisoner can be granted parole if the Board finds they are likely to obey the law and their release would not endanger society, and they have served the minimum time of their indeterminate sentence. If a parolee violates the conditions of their parole, they will be sent back to prison to serve the remainder of their maximum sentence. Executive clemency from the President, such as commutation of sentence, conditional pardon, or absolute pardon, can also result in early release and may be
Chapter 4 the period-of-enlightenment (philippine literature)Christelle Lu Tardo
1. The Propaganda Movement sought political reforms through literature and journalism in the late 1800s under Spanish rule.
2. Key figures included Jose Rizal, Marcelo Del Pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena, and others who wrote novels, essays, and newspaper articles exposing injustices.
3. When reforms were not implemented, nationalism grew and Bonifacio established the secret Katipunan society, which led to the Philippine Revolution against Spain in 1896.
This document discusses developing information for disaster and risk management in public universities in Kenya. It begins with an abstract that outlines the need for accurate and timely information before, during, and after disasters to save lives. The introduction discusses frameworks for disaster management and defines key terms. The problem statement notes the lack of information on developing disaster information systems in Kenyan universities. The document then covers types of disasters, disaster management and risk management phases, disaster recovery processes, and the current situation of disaster management in Kenya.
A SWOT Analysis Of The Field Of Virtual Reality For Firefighter TrainingSharon Collins
This document provides a SWOT analysis of using virtual reality for firefighter training. It identifies several strengths, including cost effectiveness compared to live fire training, the ability to simulate a wide variety of complex training scenarios, high ecological validity from immersive simulation, and increased safety over live fire training. Weaknesses include a lack of specialized VR systems for firefighters, immature technology, and limitations in multi-user fidelity. Opportunities lie in technological progress enabling more physically realistic simulation and improved skill transfer evaluation. Threats include uncertain training transfer to real scenarios and potential adverse effects of overstimulating engagement.
Barangay 465 Disaster Risk Reduction Management PlanBarangay Hall
The document provides information about Barangay 465's Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (BDRRM) plan. It defines key terms, outlines the barangay's vision, goals and hazards. It also includes details of the barangay's population, facilities, and BDRRM budget. The plan aims to ensure preparedness and an effective response in case of disasters through training, equipment, and clear roles of the BDRRM council.
Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) camera have recently become an indispensable part of daily life. Cameras are of vital importance as significant elements of security systems in different buildings and establishments such as houses, stores, and shopping malls. Also, millions of CCTV cameras are installed in streets with the goal of reducing crimes, preventing crimes, and increasing public safety. Effectiveness of the installation of CCTV cameras in relation to crime prevention aims to determine the effectiveness of CCTV cameras in the selected barangays of Ozamiz City, usefulness in crime prevention with respect to traffic violations, crimes against person and crimes against properties and to propose an action-based plan based on the results of the study. The study utilized descriptive-correlational design, mean and standard deviation was used to analyze the gathered data. Results revealed that the installation of CCTV cameras are very effective in crime prevention as it monitors and records the scenes 24/7 that can help in solving any reported crimes such as theft or robbery incident. Moreover, the installation of CCTV cameras is very useful in crimes against person and crimes against properties as well as in preventing traffic violations because CCTV can be used as evidence in court, and it will help the authorities solve any crimes and when drivers are aware that CCTV are monitoring the roads and traffic, they will adhere to the laws set by the authorities for fear of getting penalized.
This document discusses Republic Act 10121, which requires the Philippine government and citizens to prepare for disasters. It notes that the Philippines is the 5th most at-risk country for disasters due to its geography, climate, and human-induced calamities. RA 10121 was implemented to reduce loss of life and damage from natural and human-made disasters by preparing the population. The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) coordinates preparation, mitigation, response and recovery efforts. Local governments also have disaster councils to coordinate responses at the barangay, city/municipal and provincial levels. The law aims to improve disaster readiness in the high-risk Philippines.
The document contains messages from several Philippine government officials congratulating the Philippine National Police (PNP) on publishing their "Compendium of Six Operational Master Plans". The compendium provides concise summaries of the PNP's operational plans to address threats like criminality and will help officers better understand and implement the plans. The officials encourage all PNP officers to read the compendium to effectively carry out their tasks according to applicable laws and procedures.
This document provides information on photography and forensic photography. It defines photography, police photography, and forensic photography. It discusses the history and evolution of photography, including important figures like Daguerre, Talbot, and Eastman. It describes camera parts and functions, focusing controls, aperture, shutter speed, and types of cameras and shutters. The document also covers principles of photography, handling cameras properly, and avoiding camera shake.
This document provides information and sample formats for legal forms used in investigations, including memorandums, civilian letters, and investigation reports. It discusses the typical parts and guidelines for each type of legal form. Sample formats are provided for an investigation report and a legal format for a case report, detailing the standard sections to include for each: authority, matters investigated/details, facts of the case, discussion, and conclusions. Common defects seen in communications from law enforcement offices are also listed.
This document provides an overview of fire technology and arson investigation. It discusses the early human use of fire, the chemistry and elements of fire including the fire triangle and tetrahedron. It describes the different states of matter and how heating causes pyrolysis which produces combustible vapors. Solid, liquid and gaseous fuels are classified and their properties discussed. The physical and chemical properties of fire are also summarized.
This document summarizes a police report form and procedures for recording incidents in police blotters and reports. It discusses the legal basis and importance of police blotters, as well as the proper procedures, contents, and samples for completing entries in the blotter. Key details like names of involved individuals, date, time, location, and narrative of incidents should be recorded accurately and signed by responding officers.
Philippine National Police Criminal Investigation ManualHarve Abella
This document is the revised 2011 Philippine National Police Criminal Investigation Manual. It provides guidelines and procedures for criminal investigations conducted by PNP officers. The manual covers general investigation procedures and details the investigation process for specific crimes defined in the Revised Penal Code of the Philippines such as crimes against public order, public interest, persons, and liberty.
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a newly found coronavirus that causes an infectious disease. Infected patients may develop mild to moderate respiratory infections and recover without the need for specific treatment. Barangay Tanods is at the forefront of maintaining peace and order. They are made up of civilian volunteers who protect the community from irregular forces while also demonstrating their commitment to crime prevention by acting as deterrents to criminals, particularly in places where police are scarce. The BPAT is a national program of the PNP to encourage people empowerment from the community to address the real-time response in case a need arises, be it peace and order, security, or rescue related matters. The study will utilize a descriptive type of research. A descriptive type of research accurately and systematically describes the responses of the population considered in a particular study. The results revealed that the overall performance of barangay tanod was excellent, regardless of age, educational attainment, or gender. There were no significant differences in the performance of tanods divided into different groups. On the other hand, the delivery of BPAT services for crime prevention needs to be enhanced. The goal of this research is to assess the BPAT’s performance during the COVID-19 pandemic in the urban barangays in Ozamiz City, which includes the following: Barangay Aguada, Barangay Carmen Annex and Barangay Catadman in terms of patrolling, cooperation with other barangay officials, and health and safety protocol execution.
The lupon is the conciliation body in each barangay composed of the punong barangay as chair and 10-20 members appointed every 3 years. The lupon aims to settle disputes amicably through mediation and constitutes conciliation panels called pangkat ng tagapagkasundo for each dispute. The pangkat, composed of 3 members chosen by the parties, hears both sides and explores settlement within 15 days. The objectives of barangay conciliation include decongesting courts and promoting speedy justice through alternative dispute resolution at the barangay level.
The document outlines standard operating procedures for Philippine National Police (PNP) operations. It details 9 rules that all PNP personnel must follow, including respecting human rights, only using necessary force, requiring approval for operations, and coordinating with other units. It provides guidelines for various types of police operations, use of uniforms and weapons, and responding to calls. The procedures aim to ensure public safety while respecting dignity and within legal boundaries.
This document provides an overview of comparative police systems and globalization's effects on law enforcement. It discusses key concepts like transnational crime, terrorism, and weapons of mass destruction. It also summarizes several major police models from countries like Japan, Singapore, and Australia. Furthermore, it outlines United Nations conventions and organizations that promote international cooperation against transnational criminal threats.
The document outlines the development and implementation of a Balanced Scorecard system within the Philippine National Police (PNP). It discusses how the PNP aimed to transform itself in response to issues like corruption and human rights abuses. The PNP adopted the Balanced Scorecard, using its existing Integrated Transformation Program as the framework. The Balanced Scorecard included four perspectives - Community, Resource Management, Process Excellence, and Learning and Growth. It provided a strategic roadmap to guide PNP projects and activities toward achieving organizational goals like increased community safety and police credibility. The document reviews the steps taken to develop the PNP's Balanced Scorecard strategy map and implementation plan.
This document defines terms related to ethics, values, and conduct for public officials and employees in the Philippines according to Republic Act No. 6713. It includes 22 terms to define, such as crime, dishonesty, disloyalty to the government, and gift. It also discusses the core values of the Philippine National Police (PNP), including love of God, respect for authority, and service to people. The document outlines ethical standards, customs, ceremonies and traditions of the PNP regarding professional conduct, discipline, secrecy, and courtesy.
This document provides guidelines for writing memorandums within a police service. It discusses the purpose and tone of memorandums, including impersonal tone from superiors to subordinates and more formal tone from subordinates to superiors. Key parts of a memorandum are outlined, including the heading with address, subject, date; body with paragraphs and references; and complimentary ending with signature and lists of enclosures and copies. Proper formatting of memorandums, such as font, spacing, indentation and page numbering, is also described.
Pnp pre charge evaluation and summary hearing guiderengar23
This document introduces a guide for the Philippine National Police's (PNP) internal discipline mechanism. It aims to address issues like a lack of familiarity with disciplinary procedures and inadequate training for pre-charge evaluators and summary hearing officers. The guide provides step-by-step procedures for handling complaints from receipt to final resolution. It includes sample forms, scripts for hearings, and appendices with relevant PNP memoranda to help users efficiently and systematically resolve administrative cases. The goal is to help the PNP better investigate and discipline its own members to uphold justice and accountability.
This document outlines 22 sections of Article III of the Bill of Rights in the Philippines. It describes various rights and protections for citizens, including the right to life, liberty and property; freedom of speech, religion and assembly; protections against unreasonable searches and seizures; right to due process and a fair trial; prohibition of cruel punishment; and right against double jeopardy and ex post facto laws.
Parole is the early release of a prisoner from prison after serving the minimum period of their indeterminate sentence. The Board of Pardons and Parole, under the Department of Justice, has the authority to grant parole to prisoners. A prisoner can be granted parole if the Board finds they are likely to obey the law and their release would not endanger society, and they have served the minimum time of their indeterminate sentence. If a parolee violates the conditions of their parole, they will be sent back to prison to serve the remainder of their maximum sentence. Executive clemency from the President, such as commutation of sentence, conditional pardon, or absolute pardon, can also result in early release and may be
Chapter 4 the period-of-enlightenment (philippine literature)Christelle Lu Tardo
1. The Propaganda Movement sought political reforms through literature and journalism in the late 1800s under Spanish rule.
2. Key figures included Jose Rizal, Marcelo Del Pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena, and others who wrote novels, essays, and newspaper articles exposing injustices.
3. When reforms were not implemented, nationalism grew and Bonifacio established the secret Katipunan society, which led to the Philippine Revolution against Spain in 1896.
This document discusses developing information for disaster and risk management in public universities in Kenya. It begins with an abstract that outlines the need for accurate and timely information before, during, and after disasters to save lives. The introduction discusses frameworks for disaster management and defines key terms. The problem statement notes the lack of information on developing disaster information systems in Kenyan universities. The document then covers types of disasters, disaster management and risk management phases, disaster recovery processes, and the current situation of disaster management in Kenya.
A SWOT Analysis Of The Field Of Virtual Reality For Firefighter TrainingSharon Collins
This document provides a SWOT analysis of using virtual reality for firefighter training. It identifies several strengths, including cost effectiveness compared to live fire training, the ability to simulate a wide variety of complex training scenarios, high ecological validity from immersive simulation, and increased safety over live fire training. Weaknesses include a lack of specialized VR systems for firefighters, immature technology, and limitations in multi-user fidelity. Opportunities lie in technological progress enabling more physically realistic simulation and improved skill transfer evaluation. Threats include uncertain training transfer to real scenarios and potential adverse effects of overstimulating engagement.
PROACTIVE WILDFIRE DETECTION AND MANAGEMENT USING AI, ML, AND 5G TECHNOLOGY I...IJDKP
Over the past few years, wildfires have become a worldwide environmental emergency, resulting in
substantial harm to natural habitats and playing a part in the acceleration of climate change. Wildfire
management methods involve prevention, response, and recovery efforts. Despite improvements in
detection techniques, the rising occurrence of wildfires demands creative solutions for prompt
identification and effective control. This research investigates proactive methods for detecting and
handling wildfires in the United States, utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML),
and 5G technology. The specific objective of this research covers proactive detection and prevention of
wildfires using advanced technology; Active monitoring and mapping with remote sensing and
signaling leveraging on 5G technology; and Advanced response mechanisms to wildfire using drones
and IOT devices. This study was based on secondary data collected from government databases and
analyzed using descriptive statistics. In addition, past publications were reviewed through content
analysis, and narrative synthesis was used to present the observations from various studies. The results
showed that developing new technology presents an opportunity to detect and manage wildfires
proactively. Utilizing advanced technology could save lives and prevent significant economic losses
caused by wildfires. Various methods, such as AI-enabled remote sensing and 5G-based active
monitoring, can enhance proactive wildfire detection and management. In addition, super intelligent
drones and IOT devices can be used for safer responses to wildfires. This forms the core of the
recommendation to the fire Management Agencies and the government.
Fire Disaster Preparedness in Hospitality Premises in Kisumu City, Kenyapaperpublications3
Abstract: Fire disasters have in the recent past increased in frequency complexity, scope and intensity thereby severely disrupting the pace of socio-economic development in the country. The scope, frequency, complexity and destructiveness of fire disaster has increased due to climatic changes, limited capacity among fire emergency responders, lack of awareness, lack of enforcement of the building codes, inadequate response and coordination mechanism and rapid growth of unplanned and uncontrolled settlements among others. The overall objective of this study was to assess fire disaster preparedness in hospitality business premises in Kisumu City. The specific research objective was to: Determine the causes of various types of fire disasters on hospitality businesses in Kisumu City. Both probability and purposive sampling strategies were employed to select a sample size of 86 units from hospitality business personnel, humanitarian organizations and government personnel. Data collection tools included questionnaires, focus group discussions, observation checklists and key informant interviews. Quantitative and qualitative data collected from primary and secondary sources were analyzed both for descriptive and inferential parameters using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Chi-square tests were carried out to establish the degree of significance among the variables. The study has revealed that there are various types of hospitality industry players who are at risk of fire disasters. They include hotels, restaurants, bars, shopping malls and night clubs. Firefighting service provision in Kisumu apparently is grossly inadequate operating on weak capacity to sufficiently respond to the needs of hospitality industry in event of fire outbreak. The findings of this study will be used to bolster enforcement of fire safety regulations and ensure unified command structure to enhance effective response to emergencies.
i HOW FIRE DEPARTMENTS RESPOND TO DISASTERS eve2xjazwa
i
HOW FIRE DEPARTMENTS RESPOND TO DISASTERS
by
Student X
This Thesis is being submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
Bachelor of Science degree in Public Safety Management
Great College Jacksonville
Jacksonville, Florida
Fall, 2015
ii
DEDICATION
I would like to thank my wife Lindsey Perrotta for all of the help she has given
me throughout this research proposal, she was phenomenal in helping me complete this
project by answering questions for me and taking care of the children while I worked on
the project.
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to acknowledge Lindsey Perrotta for helping with the project, and
Professor Davis for providing guidance and the template for the project.
iv
ABSTRACT
This research proposal will answer the question of how prepared fire departments
are to respond to major disasters, by utilizing SOP’s SOG’s and mutual aid. It will
discuss problems that lie within these guidelines, such as communication issues, and
different equipment issues. The research proposal will also take a look at how well the
local fire department is prepared for any major incidents that arise, based on a small
population group, and a survey provided by the researcher to this group.
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Dedication ii
Acknowledgements iii
Abstract iv
Chapter 1 Introduction 6
Chapter 2 Review of Literature 8
Chapter 3 Methodology and Procedure 13
References 16
6
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Often times disaster strikes on an extremely large scale, a scale that is too big for
one agency to handle. When these types of disasters strike multiple agencies come
together to mitigate the incident. One of the biggest challenges to mitigating incidents
when multiple agencies are brought together is finding the middle area based on how all
the agencies operate, since many agencies have different operations. Scoppetta (2008)
stated that having capability and flexibility are vital components of being prepared for
natural disasters and when multiple agencies that come together have these qualities
disasters are mitigated with relative ease.
Background Context
Often time’s major disasters are too large for one municipal fire department to
handle and these departments call upon mutual aid. The mutual aid will almost always
have different literature and training on how to respond to these incidents, which can lead
to major complications on scene. By utilizing national models and outlines on how to
respond to incidents these problems are often curbed, however the challenge is getting all
agencies to have training once and a while to cover these models. This research project
w ...
Running head: REFLECTION PAPER ON FIRE PREVENTION 1
REFLECTION PAPER ON FIRE PREVENTION 4
Reflection paper on fire prevention
Historical event that had an effect on the modern fire prevention practices
The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire that occurred in 1911 in New York City was the fatal calamity in the olden times of the city. The fire resulted to the demises of 146 clothing where some passed on from the fire, falling to their deaths or smoke breathing. Most of the victims came from Italy and were women aged between 16-23 years old (Getzinger, D., 2009).After the occurrence of Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire, some measurers were put in place including building codes and guidelines. These would cause fires less probable to flinch and blowout to the buildings in the vicinity. Fire prevention and fire suppression are some of the factors that started to be put in place. In addition, new systems and resources for avoiding fires were established. Hydrants, extinguishers, fire alarms, and sprinkler systems are devices that easened the response to fires more hastily and competently. More people started specializing in scheming, mounting, fixing, and preserving fire-prevention systems (Getzinger, D., 2009).
Thoughts about the concepts from the unit’s Reading Assignment
According to this article, the main motivation of fire departments is depression where it is believed that if fire departments were to respond to fire outbreaks and bring them under control, its obligations would be achieved. However, I differ with this concept because it concentrates on solving the problem of fire outbreak when it has already occurred instead of preventing it. In my view, more investment should be made on prevention measures rather than trying to solve the problem when it has already occurred. The article also mentions the integration of education of firefighters, investigators, inspectors, etc. Educating these groups of personnel make the fire prevention system strong and robust since it includes joined forces. One group of professionals alone cannot eradicate the entire issue of fire prevention. Therefore, the role of National Professional Qualifications System which is responsible for state certification of fire service personnel should be protected and supported (Mcguire-Wolfe, et al, 2013).
According to this article, educating the public on the steps to take in case of fire occurrence is a key factor in fire prevention. This is crucial because the fire prevention personnel may not be in the point of fire incidence at the time of fire break out. Therefore, coordination with the public would help a great deal in reducing deaths caused by fires. However, this article mentions education of all people irrespective of age. Some of the fire victims are infants and training them on fire prevention measures may not be of help sinc.
Application of Markov Chain Model on Natural Disasters A Case Study of Fire O...YogeshIJTSRD
Right from the beginning of life, the importance of fire cannot be over emphasized as man embraces evolution which is accompanied by new innovations, discoveries and technology. Despite its importance, fire outbreak causes negative effects on human being and the society at large. Poor dissemination of information regarding fire disasters, causes of fire disaster, mitigating methods and risk management has led to an increase in exposure the society to greater risk. Therefore, there is a need to predict the location that a fire disaster is likely to occur using Markov chain. The study revealed that fire outbreaks can occur in any place and at a different magnitude, therefore, everybody has to be on guard. The finding also revealed that places that experienced fire disasters will still experience in the future if not properly managed. We recommended that the government should create awareness through advertisement programs, training centers, seminars and encourage the integration of fire disasters into the school curriculum to ensure sufficient and effective fire disaster mitigation and management. Lauretta Emugha George | Nathaniel A. Ojekudo "Application of Markov Chain Model on Natural Disasters: A Case Study of Fire Outbreak" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd40054.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commathemetics/applied-mathematics/40054/application-of-markov-chain-model-on-natural-disasters-a-case-study-of-fire-outbreak/lauretta-emugha-george
This document provides an overview of the "Know-4-drr" project which aims to enable knowledge sharing for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. It outlines the project consortium members and their roles. It then discusses the rationale for the project, including past failures in areas like land use planning that have increased disaster risks. It proposes several knowledge-sharing activities the project will undertake, such as workshops, seminars and "living labs" case studies to test knowledge development with stakeholders. The document summarizes discussions at workshops on challenges like coordinating agencies and assessing responsibilities under uncertainty. It describes the three living lab case studies in more detail: Vietnam, the Po River basin in Italy, and Lorca Municipality in Spain.
An Overview of Advanced Techniques Used in Disaster ManagementIRJET Journal
This document discusses the use of advanced techniques and information and communication technologies (ICT) in disaster management. It first reviews the disaster management cycle and various types of natural disasters that occur in India. It then examines how ICT tools like the internet, GIS, and satellite communication can be applied at different stages of disaster management, including risk assessment, early warning systems, response coordination, and reconstruction. Specifically, technologies like Web 2.0 and social media are highlighted for their potential in disaster response. The document concludes by recommending the development of e-government infrastructure to better support various ICT-enabled disaster management activities.
Fire incidents in any cause may lead to a devastating effect to the community or family where the fire incident happens. It is considered as an accident that could destroy properties of the family in a very short period of time. This study determined the five-year trend analysis of fire incidents in Ozamiz City using the available historical data from 2016-2021. The study employed retrospective method of research. Since it is a retrospective study, the result of interest has already occurred, and the data obtained is from records, no volunteers will be used in this study. However, the Bureau of Fire Protection Officers of Ozamiz City will offer the study's relevant data. According to the findings, electrical related fire incidents are the most common cause of fire in Ozamiz City, whereas LPG related fires are the least likely to cause fires. It is suggested that Ozamiz City's Bureau of Fire Protection hold monthly lectures or programs on fire safety and prevention in the community. Ozamiz City residents should exercise caution when leaving their homes and avoid using the octopus connection to avoid power outages. Furthermore, staff from Ozamiz City's Bureau of Fire Protection should conduct more frequent fire inspections in the city's businesses.
Rapisardi, Lanfranco, Dilolli, Lombardo (2011) web and mobile emergencies net...Massimo Lanfranco
1. The document discusses how web and mobile technologies can help manage information flow during disasters, improving preparedness and response. It argues these technologies allow geopositioning, video/photo sharing, and communication anywhere, integrating citizen input.
2. Recent disasters showed how crowdsourcing and social media mobilized volunteers worldwide to aggregate crisis data, rebuild maps, and aid response. This engagement of local communities represents a shift enabled by new communication technologies.
3. The authors analyze experiences in Italy using mobile apps and web mapping to engage citizens in preparedness, relief, and rebuilding efforts. They conducted exercises to test these tools and information sharing between responders and communities.
Next generation architecture examination for Mass Notification System(MNS) co...IJERA Editor
The abstract should summarize the content of the paper. Try to keep the abstract below 200 words. Do not make references nor display equations in the abstract. The journal will be printed from the same-sized copy prepared by you. Your manuscript should be printed on A4 paper (21.0 cm x 29.7 cm). It is imperative that the margins and style described below be adhered to carefully. This will enable us to keep uniformity in the final printed copies of the Journal. Please keep in mind that the manuscript you prepare will be photographed and printed as it is received. Readability of copy is of paramount importance.
Disaster Risk Resilience, curriculum that is fit for purpose in the sector, C...Bibhuti Bhusan Gadanayak
A Disaster, Risk & Resilience
curriculum that is fit for purpose in the sector at Coventry University, UK
(RIP is a process which takes risk prospective as an integral component of thinking, planning, implementing and monitoring development programmes through risk analysis and consequent programme adjustment
A Model of Disaster Resilience Among Colleges and Universities: A Mixed Metho...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT :This research paper aimed to create a comprehensive framework for measuring disaster
resilience in colleges and universities. The study used a mixed method through Exploratory Factor Analysis
(EFA), which involved analyzing data from a survey questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed based on
in-depth interviews with 12 selected participants from the University of Mindanao, as well as relevant literature
and studies. It was reviewed and validated by 10 experts using a method called Content Validity Ratio (CVR).
This questionnaire was then administered to 400 students from 10 different colleges in University of Mindanao.
After conducting the Exploratory Factor Analysis and performing rotations and iterations, the researchers
identified five main constructs that characterize disaster resilience among colleges (1) disaster preparedness, (2)
disaster awareness, (3) community readiness, and (4) disaster management, (5) disaster resilience. The
researchers aimed to create an organization called “Council of College Disaster Volunteers (CCDV)” which
consist of student volunteers. These factors can be used to develop effective management strategies and
strengthen efforts in preventing and managing disasters and accidents.
KEYWORDS:content validity ratio, criminology, disaster resilience, disaster management, exploratory factor
analysis, and Philippines.
1. The document discusses a study that mapped the information needs of decision makers during flood response in Bangladesh to available data sets, in order to identify information gaps. Interviews and focus groups identified timely and location-based information as the most important need not well covered.
2. The study recommends identifying information requirements and available data sources during preparedness to help address gaps in initial response. Future research aims to close gaps by linking disparate data sets and collecting community-level data with mobile apps.
3. The study was conducted in partnership with organizations implementing early warning systems on riverine islands in Bangladesh, to better support communities before, during and after floods.
A STUDY ON LEA AND SEED ALGORITHMS FOR DATA PROTECTION OF SMARTPHONE BASED DI...IJNSA Journal
The number of disaster occurrences around the world based on the climate changes due to the global
warming has been indicating an increase. To prevent and cope with such disaster, a number of researches
have been actively conducted to combine the user location service as well as the sensor network
technology into the expanded IoT to detect the disaster at early stages. However, due to the appearance of
the new technologies, the scope of the security threat to the pre-existing system has been expanding. In this
thesis, the D-SASS using the beacon to provide the notification service to the disaster-involved area and
the safe service to the users is proposed. The LEA Algorithm is applied to the proposed system to design
the beacon protocol collected from the smartphone to safely receive the notification information. In
addition, for data protection of a notification system, LEA and SEED algorithms were applied, and a
comparative analysis was conducted.
ANALYSIS MODEL OF MASTER PLAN FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM IN BUILDING AND ENVIRONM...IAEME Publication
In the perspective of Construction Management, fires as a risk to Jakarta city can
hamper the process of sustainability of Jakarta city administration, which includes:
Jakarta city planning, and building construction in Jakarta city environment. From
various sources, the average data of fire incident in Jakarta amounted to 4-5 times in
one day. In relation there to, the risk of fire in the city of Jakarta should be prevented
and overcome, so as not to result in the widespread risk of fire from the fire, which in
turn may result in Jakarta being totally paralyzed by a total burn. For this reason, this
research will solve research problems that will focus on the analysis of the importance
of the Fire Protection System in the context of fire prevention and control in Jakarta,
namely: 1) What are the factors and variables of the Fire Protection System model? 2)
How is Fire Protection System model analysis selected?; and 3) What
recommendations can be given to related parties? This research uses qualitative and
quantitative research methods to solve the above three research problems. This
research resulted that there are many factors and variables forming the chosen model.
Introduce your presentation here. 1Use the design .docxnormanibarber20063
This document provides an overview of key concepts for an emergency management course unit on disaster response and recovery. It discusses the response phase, which aims to minimize risk and provide emergency assistance in the initial disaster period. Recovery has short-term efforts to restore minimum operations within two weeks and longer-term recovery over 30-90 days depending on the disaster. The document also outlines challenges for emergency managers, like coordination between agencies and acquiring financial resources, and stresses the importance of planning, communication, and stakeholder involvement in both response and recovery phases.
cf (1).pdfcfby Cf CfSubmission date 08-Dec-2019 07.docxketurahhazelhurst
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ORIGINALITY REPORT
PRIMARY SOURCES
Submitted to St Dominic's Sixth Form College
Student Paper
Kelvin Joseph Bwalya. "chapter 1 Information
Access, the Digital Divide, and Knowledge-
Based Economies", IGI Global, 2014
Publication
cfby Cf CfcfORIGINALITY REPORTPRIMARY SOURCES
IMPACT OF THE GLOBAL DIGITAL DIVIDE.edited (1).docx
Running head: IMPACT OF THE GLOBAL DIGITAL DIVIDE
IMPACT OF THE GLOBAL DIGITAL DIVIDE
IMPACT OF THE GLOBAL DIGITAL DIVIDE
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Citizens living in a country that lags behind the rest of the world in ICT capacity are lacking various things which are very important in life. Technology plays an instrumental role in improving the quality of life, and hence the citizens who live in the countries which have lagged in terms of ICT experience various challenges. This paper delves to explain some of the most common problems which are experienced by citizens living in countries which have lagged in terms of information communication technology.
The first challenge experienced in the countries which have lagged in terms of ICT is the poor quality of life. It should be noted that ICT plays an instrumental role in improving the quality of human life. This is because it can be utilized as education and learning, the mass communication media in promotion as well as campaigning practical and also critical issues comprising of social and health area. Information communication technology is also essential since it helps in the provision of broader knowledge and also helps in gaining as well as accessing information (Korunka & Hoonakker, 2014)
The second challenge faced by countries that have lagged in terms of technology is sustainability; information communication technologies play two significant roles in energy consumption. First, they are helping supporting energy-saving measures in buildings and could also have a critical impact on the rational utilization of heating energy. Secondly, information communication technologies also have a significant impact on sustainability because they are capable of influencing the demand side through the encouragement of sustainable consumption patterns; therefore, it is evident the countries which have lagged in terms of ICT are less sustainable)(Hilty & Aebischer,2015).
Lastly, ICT has a significant influence on affluence and safety. Hence, countries that have lagged in terms of ICT are less secure as compared to the countries which have adopted new technologies. ICT enables the identification of various disasters, thus making countries more secure by giving room for the establis ...
In the early twentieth century, major representatives of the Jadid movement became active participants in the socio-political processes in the Turkestan region. Usmonkhoja Polatkhoja, a progressive from Bukhara, was one of the beams not only in the Emirate of Bukhara, but also in Turkestan. He first participated in the reforms and progressives, and later in the national liberation movements, and fought for the prosperity and independence of the country.This article provides information about Usmonkhoja's life and work in Jadidism, revolts, national liberation struggles, and emmigiration.
Flood is one of the natural disaster known to be part of the earth biophysical processes, which its occurrence can be devastating; due to mostly anthropogenic activities and climatological factors. The aim of the research is to identify and map the extent at which the impact of flood due to intense rainfall and rise in water in the study area using geospatial techniques and the specific objectives are to carry out terrain analysis of the study area and to generate flood indicator maps of the study area. The study analyzed rain fall data;, the drainage system and Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM 30m) of the area. ArcGIS 10.8 was to modelled and to generate the contributing factors map of the study area. The drainage system was generated through on-screen digitization of topographic map of scale 1:50,000 of Ondo South-West. The mean annual rainfall of Lagos State was generated in the ArcGIS environment from the rainfall data through spatial analysis tool. The SRTM was used in terrain analysis of the study area. The results generated showed the lowest mean annual rain fall of the area 1,700mm and the highest mean annual rain fall was 2,440mm. Digital elevation model (DEM), slope, flow direction were generated from the SRTM. Drainage density of the area was generated using the drainage system. The slope map of the entire area which are classified into five slope classes of very high (14%-48.5%) to high (7.6%-13.9%) to moderately high (4.2%-7.6%) to low (1.5%-4.2%) and very low (0. % - 1.2%).
Work study is a catch-all phrase encompassing a variety of methodologies, including method research and work measurement, that are applied in a variety of contexts and lead to a systematic assessment of all elements that affect the efficiency and economy of the situation under evaluation that is meant to be improved. The main aim of this study is to examine and enhance the process token in manufacturing a Perfume of the famous, well-known, aromatic, and beautiful Taif Roses. Some changes in the process has been suggested using method study and time study method which lead to reduction in process time, labor cost and production cost.
Workers are the maximum precious method of an association. Their importance to institutions requires not most effective the want to draw the trendy bents but additionally the need to preserve them for a long term. This paper specializes in reviewing the findings of former research carried out with the aid of colourful experimenters with the quit to identify determinants factors of hand retention. This exploration almost looked at the subsequent broad factors improvement openings, reimbursement, work- lifestyles balance, operation/ management, work terrain, social aid, autonomy, training and improvement.
Watering plants during the correct time is very important due to scientific reasons. Both underwatering, as well as overwatering, can lead to the growth of unhealthy plants or in extreme cases, the death of the plant/tree. These issues which are the case with most self-gardeners and plant lovers can be solved using the smart irrigation technique. The main purpose of this innovation is to assist plant lovers to continue their passion to grow plants at home with ease. Smart irrigation system helps in monitoring the moisture level which majorly affects plant growth besides other factors such as sunlight, fertility of the soil, etc. The digital planting pot has been designed in a way that it effectively incorporates the idea of smart irrigation. Arduino Uno R3 has been used as the main chip in this project along with a few other components like a soil moisture sensor, relay, and water pump. This project requires coding to synchronize all the components, and function properly. A required test has been carried out to review the functioning of the mechanism. The project was tested by once using the soil with enough moisture in the pot and then the soil with the least moisture. Both times, it worked exactly how it was supposed to function. When the soil with the least moisture was tested, there was a clear indication of a low level of moisture and accordingly, the water pump got triggered to water the plant, and when the soil with enough moisture was tested, there was again the clear indication of the correct level of moisture and the water pump was inactive. All the readings which were displayed on the LCD were checked back and forth during the project. The outcomes were the same as expected. Hence, it shows that every component in this project is actively functioning and the whole project is effectively designed.
Because of its accessibility and flexibility, cloud technology is among the most notable innovations in today's world. Having many service platforms, such as GoogleApps by Google, Amazon, Apple, and so on, is well accepted by large enterprises. Distributed cloud computing is a concept for enabling every-time, convenient, on-demand network access to processing resources including servers, storage devices, networks, and services that may be mutually configured. The major security risks for cloud computing as identified by the Cloud security alliance (CSA) have been examined in this study. Also, methods for resolving issues with cloud computing technology's data security and privacy protection were systematically examined.
This study's goal is to present Solutions for Determining the importance level of criteria in creating cultural resources’ attractiveness from tourists’ evaluation. Data were collected from 558 international tourists who chose Vietnam as the destination for tourism.
The study points out that we need to resolve challenges such as: building a safe, friendly destination, etc., destinations need to review and re-evaluate the services of their products and tourist attractions to prepare for the largest number of visitors and stimulate the domestic tourism market is a good solution: To boost the domestic tourism market, it is necessary to increase domestic flights and train connections to major tourist destinations.
A new convenient and efficient route for the synthesis of two very important hydroxo-bridged stepped-cubane copper complexes viz: [Cu4(bpy)4Cl2(OH)4]Cl2.6H2O (1) and [Cu4(phen)4Cl2(OH)4]Cl2.6H2O (2) have been obtained. This synthetic route from the mononuclear CubpyCl2 complex is easier, more reproducible and afforded the complex in a much higher yield than the other two previously reported procedures which were equally serendipitously discovered. The purity and formation of the complexes were confirmed with elemental (C,H,N) analysis and the details of the UV-Vis, Fourier transform infrared, electrospray ionization mass spectra of both complexes and the single crystal X-ray crystallography of 1 are presented and discussed. X-ray crystallography confirms the absolute structure of the complexes. The complexes were formed via the connection of four copper atoms to four hydroxide bridging ligands and four bipyridyl ligands with two chloride ligands. There are two coordinate environments around two pairs of copper atoms (CuN2ClO2 and CuN2O3) and each copper atom is pentacoordinate with square pyramidal geometry.
Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., which is commonly known as jackfruit is a tropical fruit, belonging to Moraceae family, native to Western Ghats of India and common in Asia, Africa, and some regions in South America. It is known to be the largest edible fruit in the world. The Jackfruit is an extremely versatile and sweet tasting fruit that possess high nutritional value. Jackfruit is rich in nutrients including carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals. The jackfruit has diverse medicinal uses especially antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral properties, anticancer and antifungal activity, anthelminthic activity. Traditionally, this plant is used in the treatment of various diseases especially for treatment against inflammation, malarial fever, diarrhoea, diabetes and tapeworm infection. Jackfruit is a good natural source of phytochemicals such as phenolics, flavonoids and tannins, saponins. The health benefits of jackfruit have been attributed to its wide range of physicochemical applications. The use of jackfruit bulbs and its parts has also been reported since ancient times for their therapeutic qualities. The beneficial physiological effects may also have preventive application in a variety of pathologies.
Myogenic differentiation requires to be exactly explored for the effective treatment of fracture. The speed of healing is affected by skeletal muscle, linked to activation of specific myogenic transcription factors during the repair process. In previous study, we discovered that psoralen enhanced differentiation of osteoblast in primary mouse. In the current study, we show that psoralen stimulates myogenic differentiation through the secretion of factors to hone the quality of repair in fractured mice. 3-month old mice were treated with corn oil or psoralen followed by a tibial fracture surgery. Fractures were tested 7, 14, and 21 days respectively later by histology and images observation. Skeletal muscles including soleus muscle and posterior tibial muscle around the damaged bone were collected for quantitative real-time PCR, HE staining, as well as western blot. Daily treatment with psoralen at seven, fourteen days or twenty-one days improves protein or mRNA levels responsible for the whole myogenic differentiation process, makes the muscle fibers more tightly aligned, and promotes callus formation and development. This data shows that high levels of myogenic transcription factors in the process of fracture healing in mice foster the repair of damaged muscles, and indicates a pharmacological approach that targets myogenic differentiation to improve fracture repair. This also reflects the academic thought of "paying equal attention to both muscles and bones" in the prevention and treatment of fracture healing.
The current pandemic has generated the search for new reliable and economic alternatives for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, which produces the COVID-19 disease, one of the recommendations by the World Health Organization, is the detection of the virus by RT-qPCR methods from upper respiratory tract samples. The discomfort of the pharyngeal nasopharyngeal swab described by patients, the requirement of trained personnel, and the generation of aerosols, are factors that increase the risk of infections in this type of intake. It is known that the main means of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is through aerosols or small droplets, which is why saliva is important as a relevant means of detecting COVID-19. In this study, a modified method based on SARS-CoV-2 RNA release from saliva is described, avoiding the isolation and purification of the genetic material and its quantification of viral copies; the results are compared with paired pharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swab samples (EF/EN). Results showed good agreement in saliva samples compared to EF/EN samples. On average, a sensitivity for virus detection of 80% was demonstrated in saliva samples competing with EF/EN samples. The use of saliva is a reliable alternative for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 by means of RT-PCR in the first days of infection, having important advantages over the conventional method. Saliva still needs to be studied completely to evaluate the detection capacity of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, however, the described process is viable, due to the decrease in materials and supplies, process times, the increment in the sampling and improvement of laboratory performance.
A recent study establishes that since 1970, there has been an ecological gap between human needs and the planet's resources, with annual resource demand exceeding the bio-productivity of the planet. Specifically, humanity utilises equivalent of 1.75 earths to produce the ecological resources used, with half of this attributable to food consumption. The present work therefore seeks to provide an empirically-based insight into the environmental sustainability of the EF of food consumption in Ijebu Ode. A descriptive cross-sectional approach was used, and primary data were collected from 400 systemically sampled households via structured questionnaires and analysed descriptively using Microsoft Excel and inferentially using mathematical models for calculating ecological footprints. Findings revealed that the household EF of food consumption in Ijebu Ode is 0.05gha per capita, with the footprint of cereal consumption (0.17gha; 37%) taking the major share, followed by meat with a footprint of 0.11gha (23.9%). As a result, it was concluded that Ijebu Ode has sustainable food consumption, which is necessary for its environmental sustainability. However, the sustenance of the former requires creating awareness of the need for sustainable consumption and prioritisation of integrated and population-wide policies and food intervention initiatives to encourage attitudinal change in favour of sustainable food consumption while fostering sustainable food production strategies amidst current environmental realities.
The symmetry occurs in most of the phenomena explained by physics, for example, a particle has positive or negative charges, and the electric dipoles that have the charge (+q) and (-q) which are at a certain distance (d), north or south magnetic poles and for a magnetic bar or magnetic compass with two poles: North (N) and South (S) poles, spins up or down of the electron at the atom and for the nucleons in the nucleus In this form, the particle should also have mass symmetry. For convenience and due to later explanations, I call this mass symmetry or mass duality as follows: mass and mass cloud. The mass cloud is located in the respective orbitals given by the Schrödinger equation. The orbitals represent the possible locations or places of the particle which are determined probabilistically by the respective Schröndiger equation.
Metal-organic molybdenum complexes were synthesized by the hydrothermal method using ammonium heptamolybdate as the metallic source, and as the organic ligand terephthalic acid (BDC) or bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET), obtained via glycolysis of poly(ethylene)terephthalate (PET). The BDC-Mo and BHET-Mo complexes were characterized by XRD, N2 physisorption, TGA, ATR-FTIR, SEM, XPS and their in vitro biocompatibility was tested by porcine fibroblasts viability. The results show that molybdates (MoO4-2) are coordinated to the carbonyl functional groups of BDC and BHET by urea bonding (-NH-CO-NH-) which is related to their high biocompatibility and high thermal stability. These organic molybdate complexes possess rectangular prism particles made up of rods arrays characteristics of molybdenum oxides (MoO3). The organic complexes BDC-Mo and BHET-Mo do not show to be cytotoxic for porcine dermal fibroblasts growing on their surface for up to 48 h of culture.
Exercise training with varying intensity increases maximal oxygen intake (VO2max), a strong predictor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Purpose: The aim of this study was to find out the influence of low intensity aerobic training on the vo2 max in 11 to 14 years school girls in Hyderabad district. Methodology: The research scholar has randomly selected thirty (N=30) high school girls were selected as subjects and their age ranged between 11 to 14 years. The subjects were divided into two equal groups, each group consist of 15 total 30. Group one acted as experimental group (EG) and group two acted as control group (CG). The dependent variable vo2 max was selected and it is measured by manual test. Statistical Tool: The statistical tool paired sample ‘t’ test was used for analysing of the data and the obtained ‘t’ ratio was tested for significance at 0.05 level of confidence. Results: The analysis of the data revealed that there was a significant improvement on vo2 max by the application of low intensity aerobic.
Hybrid rice has the potential to outperform existing inbred rice and was said to have the potential to produce 14-20 % more yield. In response, Malaysia Government has introduced its very own first Hybrid Rice Variety knew as Kadaria 1 developed by MARDI. This is in line with one of the strategies outlined in Dasar Agromakanan Negara (DAN) 2011-2020 as an approach to increasing rice productivity within Malaysia. The next step would be developing our hybrid seed rice production system. Therefore, an experiment to determine the planting ratio and planting distance between 0025A (A)-a hybrid with MR283 (R)-inbreed variety was carried out. Planting ratios studied in this study were 2:4, 2:6, 2:8, and 2:10 while planting distance was 14 x 30 cm, 16 x 30 cm, and 18 x 30 cm. Statistical analyses suggested that yield R, yield A, and panicle number A were significantly affected by planting ratios while yield A was significantly affected by an interaction between planting distance and planting ratios. Panicle number A performed significantly higher at planting ratios of 2:4 compared to 2:10. Yield R shows higher significant performance under ratio 2:6 compared to 2:4 and 2:8. Relatively, yield A performed the best under planting distance of 18 x 30 cm. Furthermore, under this particular planting distance, the planting ratio of 2:10 shows the highest significant figure while 2:8 exhibits statistical parity. Both yield R and yield A were significantly affected by planting ratios and have a significant positive association with each other. Therefore, the planting ratio of 2:10 should be the best since it contributed to significantly highest value for yield A while yield R under 2:10 shows statistical parity with 2:6 which was the highest significant value. In conclusion, the combination of 2:10 with a planting distance of 18 x 30 cm was the best since it shows best potential for both yields A and yield R
This document summarizes a study on cassava production systems in the Tivaouane department of Senegal. Key findings include:
- Cassava is an important crop for food security but production in Senegal remains low compared to other African countries.
- The study examined farming practices through surveys of 85 producers in 8 communes across two agro-ecological zones.
- Analysis showed cassava is only grown during rainy season with traditional cultivation methods. Four of five recommended varieties were grown, with different varieties preferred in each zone.
Cassava plays an important role in improving food security and reducing poverty in rural areas. Despite its importance, its production in Senegal remains low compared to other African countries. Nowadays, it is confronted with numerous constraints. It is in this context that a study was conducted on the cassava production system in the Thiès "cassava granary" region, with the objective of examining farmers' cultivation practices. It was conducted in eight communes located in the department of Tivaouane, some of which are located in the Niayes agro-ecological zone and others in the central-northern groundnut basin. Surveys were conducted among the largest cassava producers in these communes. Analysis of the results showed that cassava is only grown in the rainy season with the same cultivation practices that have been used for years. Of the five varieties listed by the President of the Senegalese Cassava Interprofession, only four are grown in the areas surveyed. The Terrasse (43%) and Kombo (36%) varieties are grown more by our respondents in the Niayes area. Soya (75%) and Wallet "Parydiey" (20% of our sample) dominate in the central-northern groundnut basin.
We are witnessing very demanding and stressful times in which we live, and an occupation that is particularly exposed to stress and different working conditions is the job of a nurse. Exposing themselves to everyday challenges and stressful situations, nurses reach a stage of great emotional and physical exhaustion, lethargy, dissatisfaction, and poorer work achievements, which we know as burnout. The aim of this paper was to determine whether there is and to what extent professional burnout is present in nurses and technicians working in nursing homes across Slovenia and Croatia. The paper is answering the questions of the extent of the burnout influenced by individual characteristics (age, education, years of service and work experience at the current workplace). The study involved a validated questionnaire “The Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI)” to measure professional burnout. Surveying of the nurses was conducted online at their home institutions. The results show that all respondents have a medium or high level of professional burnout, while no one has a low level or shows no signs of burnout. In terms of age, the group from 55-65 years of age had the highest relative level of burnout in the age group category. With regard to education, the highest burnout was measured in registered nurses.
This document discusses hepatitis and its transmission through needlestick injuries. It covers the different types of hepatitis viruses, their epidemiology, risk factors, and transmission. Healthcare workers are at high risk of contracting hepatitis B and C through needlestick injuries involving contaminated needles and sharps. Dental professionals face increased risk due to exposure to blood and saliva. The document recommends vaccination, safe handling of needles and sharps, and post-exposure prophylaxis to prevent transmission of hepatitis viruses occupationally.
More from Associate Professor in VSB Coimbatore (20)
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
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His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
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Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
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requirements, a number of non-spatial issues, such as staff, equipment, vehicle, function, organization and
technology etc. are also related with efficient fire services (Tishi & Islam 2019). Optimum level of staff in
accordance with the population demand is also important in order to effectively perform fire extinguishing
activities (Brzezińska, Bryant & Markowski, 2019).
To mitigate firefighter life-safety concerns and achieve successfully fireground outcomes, it is critically important
for firefighters to have the necessary preparedness capabilities to respond. Firefighter preparedness consists of
technical and environmental/contextual knowledge, specialized/focused training, and firefighter experience
(Coulthard, 2018). Saving lives from fireground is the primary task in firefighting, in which the speed of effective
search largely relies on the sufficient and instant information. When insufficient information situation follows
firefighter tightly, the firefighter's life can be jeopardized (Hui, Wang, Chen, & Hung, 2018). Effective
suppression response and rescue operations require efficient and advanced training. Equipped firefighter with the
advancing information technology, such as IR, laser range-finder, camera, augmented reality and an unmanned
aerial vehicle for acquiring more fireground information may be useful for firefighting task (Hui, Wang, Chen,
Hung, 2018). Modern technologies provide improving of this training and drill and decrease expenses and price of
a firefighter’s teaching program (Hozjan, Kempna, & Smolka, 2020).
Moreover, adequate provisions of fire service facilities are essential to ensure sustainability through life safety,
property protection, continuity of operations, environmental protection, and heritage conservation. With the aim to
assess sustainable urbanization with the adequacy of fire service provision is essential to identify the substantial
service gaps for up-gradation in the fire service facility (Singh, Sabnani, & Kapse, 2021). In Dhaka city, studies
reveal that fire stations in their location are not capable of covering approximately half of its population and the fire
fighting vehicles are not adequate for the extinguishing operation as per the requirements of a specific station
coverage area. The most important challenges in the firefighting operation include traffic congestion with
deficiencies in the roadway network and scarcity of water (Haque, 2019).
In China, one of the reasons firefighters arrive late is the severe traffic after a fire-spread starts. High-rise buildings
are also a significant problem for the firefighters during operations. Since they cannot reach the top floors with
their firefighting equipment, they are bound to use the building's installed firefighting equipment before reaching
the highest floor affected by the fire. They also need to take the stairs since elevators may be inaccessible, and after
they reach their target floor, the flames might spread everywhere and cause a disaster (Zadeh, Abdulwakil, Amar,
Durante, & Santos, 2021). The city of Toronto is experiencing rapid growth in vertical settlement patterns with the
construction of very tall high-rise residential buildings that are classified as super high-rise's by the Ontario
Building Code. Due to their height and complexity, SHR buildings present challenges for firefighters during
firefighting operations (Coulthard, 2018). In the Philippines take too much time to finish due to the minimal
resources and low upgrades in technologies in the bureau of fire protection (BFP); the poor performance results to
increase the damage that makes it close to impossible to save all of the lives affected by the fire flames (Zadeh,
Abdulwakil, Amar, Durante, & Santos, 2021). Despite the Bureau of Fire Protection fire management system in
the Philippines, fire incidents have been a critical issue in the country, affecting various individuals (Moore, 2019).
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It is evident that there were several published literatures pertaining to fire incidents, fire officers and the like.
However, a study in unveiling the difficulties encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) and helps to
address the current equipment and the quality services needed in order to maximize future incidents is under
represented in the literature.
2. Materials and Methods
The qualitative research method was applied in this study which focuses on obtaining by open-ended and
conversational communication. The research was done through purposive and phenomenology qualitative
research method. Phenomenological research seeks to understand and describe the universal essence of a
phenomenon. The approach investigates the everyday experiences of human beings while suspending the
researchers' preconceived assumptions about the phenomenon. The researcher gathered data through interviews
that was conducted towards the BFP personnel of Ozamiz City. Even though there is a pandemic due to Covid 19,
the study was possibly done through face to face. This research was conducted in BFP Station located at Tinago,
Ozamiz City, Misamis Occidental.
The research participants of this study were the (10) ten out of (38) thirty-eight BFP personnel of Ozamiz City Fire
Station. Purposive and snowball method was used in identifying the participants and only those who met the
following criteria were selected: age, civil status, length of service, enough experience and already have children.
The study utilized researcher-made interview guide questions in uncovering the challenges encountered by the
BFP personnel which is distributed into two parts. For part one, it consists of the participants profiles such as their
age, civil status, length of service, and enough experience and have children. For part two, the study utilized
researcher-made interview guide questions. The questions consisted of opening questions, core questions, and
closing statements. Since the study utilized the transcendental phenology approach, the interview process used
open-ended questions and narrative type of answers to solicit the insights of the BFP personnel on the challenges
they encountered in responding fire incidents.
The data collection was done in order to obtain the information from the Bureau of Fire Protection Personnel’s in
Ozamiz City to needed for the study. The researchers make sure to follow the community safety protocols such as
wearing facemask and face shield, social distancing and sanitizing in all aspects in their research. Before the
conduct of the interview, the researcher asked permission from the College Dean to pursue the study and to
conduct the interview through formal letter. Once approved by the Dean, the researcher asked permission from the
City Fire Marshal of BFP Ozamiz City to allow the researchers to obtain information among his personnel. The
researcher set an appointment to the identified participants of the BFP proposing the schedule of the interview. The
researcher informed the respondents that the conversation was recorded and gave them an assurance that all their
responses was kept with utmost confidentiality. After explaining the protocol guidelines, the researcher gave the
participants’ copy of the interview questions to help them recall their experiences. It was necessary to have a
conducive atmosphere to interview with less noise coming from the vehicles or people.
During the interview, the researcher was mindful of the gestures and the words used to prevent distraction and
uncomfortable situations. The use of face-to-face interviews through semi-structured, open-ended questions to
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explore the views, understanding, and even beliefs of the participants to cultivate their lived experiences. As
comprise key questions as a guide in interviews. The interview for every participant lasted approximately 10 to 20
minutes. Based on the responses, questions were used altered to foster more detailed and of answers. The
researcher took notes at the interviews, made notes of the participant a behavior observed, and added the memos to
their journal. Moreover, a voice recorder value used to ensure the details of what had transpired during the
interviews. The purpose of the research was clearly explained to the BFP personnel before getting their full
consent as participants. It was further explained that this research can cause no harm in anyway and that the
respondents can withdraw anytime if felt threatened. Protection of life's privacy and confidentiality, such as
keeping the names of those involved and not exposing them in public, was secured. Respect for the dignity of
research participants was a priority. Generally, this research ensured that there was no deception or exaggeration
about its aims and objectives.
In the conduct of this qualitative research, certain measures were first cleared and addressed particularly the
selection and the conduct of the interviews to the participants. The researcher conformed to the ethical protocol set
by the university. The researcher strictly observed the voluntary participation of all the participants. The interview
was not conducted without their personal consent through allowing them to sign the informed consent form
prepared by the researcher. Their refusal to participate does not involve any penalty or loss of benefits and their
signed consent does not mean of waiving any legal claims, rights or remedies from this study. In regards to the
participants’ identity, the researcher applied the measure to promote anonymity and secrecy through not
mentioning the names of my participants during the conduct of interview, instead the researcher addressed them
with sir and ma’am. No names of the participants in any manner that were reflected in the results and manuscript of
the study. Their attendance and signature in the informed consent were kept with utmost confidentiality and lock in
the secured cabinet or locker until it needs to be deposed.
In the entire process of the study, the welfare of the participants was the priority of the researcher. Privacy and
confidentiality were observed at all times, particularly name of the participants and other information unnecessary
to the study. The researcher adhere the guidelines set by the Republic Act No. 10173 known as the “Data Privacy
Act of 2012”. Through these, the researcher can assure the privacy and confidentiality of the qualitative research.
Further, informed consent to my participants prior to conduct any interviews was provided. This consent is free of
technical terms to avoid miscommunication which give the participants a clear view of the benefits they may
obtain and their contribution to the study. The researcher informed them to read thoroughly the statement and
agreement in the informed consent. And for clarity, the researcher loudly read the information from the informed
consent and explain the content in the local dialect or in language they can understand directly. After the
participants sign the form, the respondents distribute the copy of the informed consent.
3. Results and Discussions
This part presented the different themes that were derived from the different responses of the participants of the
study during the conduct of the interview. It is evident in the study that most of the participants were 30 to 52 years
old and most of them had experience in fire prevention during their service in the BFP, and held higher positions.
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Further, based on the responses of the participants of the study, there were five (5) themes identified such as: (1)
Scarcity in Responding Fire Incident, (2) An Arduous work that Demands Physical and Psychological Strength,
(3) Frustration in the Work, (4) Collaboration and Cooperation in Fire Safety and Prevention, (5) Serving the
People.
Table 1. Profile of the Participants
Code Name Age Civil Status Length of Service
P1 39 Married 8 years
P2 48 Married 15 years
P3 41 Married 10 years
P4 44 Married 11 years
P5 41 Married 9 years
P6 30 Married 5 years
P7 34 Married 5 years
P8 45 Married 12 years
P9 33 Single 10 years
P10 52 Married 29 years
3.1. Scarcity in Responding Fire Incident
Scarcity in terms of responding prior to and latter to a fire incident, is usually a big challenge and a hindrance for
the Firefighters for them to be able to efficiently and effectively do their tasks due to the insufficient manpower,
inadequate resources such as fire trucks, fire apparatus, personal protective equipment (PPE), etc. Scarcity, also
known as severe shortage, is an economic term that refers to the gap between the availability of limited resources
and people's theoretical needs for such resources (Cannon, 2019). These are evident in the results of the interview
conducted.
Code Name Responses
P2 “The shortage of manpower was one of the obstacles I faced when responding
to a fire incident.”
P3 “Lack of firefighting apparatus, firetruck, limited supply of personal protective
equipment (PPE) and limited number of fire hydrant are the challenges I’d
encountered in responding fire incidents.”
P6 “Lack of firefighting equipment, negative perception of the community
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towards the fire fighters and areas especially in informal settlers that are poor
in accessibility due to narrow and crowded streets/road.”
P7 “Lack of water supply, sometimes there is no fire hydrant available and the
number of BFP personnel is only few.”
P8 “The challenges that I encountered in responding fire incident is that the lack
of accessible hydrants and narrow roads and alleys.”
Considering the factors that affects the performance of the Fire fighters regarding responding matters, most of
them will tend to do some alternative actions which sometimes lead to unproductive results. Alternatively, they
will adjust to the organization's inadequate equipment, resulting in unproductive output (Kirubhashankar, 2020).
The shortage of manpower was one of the obstacles faced by the BFP personnel and lack of firefighting apparatus,
firetruck, limited supply of personal protective equipment (PPE) and limited number of fire hydrant are the
challenges encountered in responding fire incidents (Cicione, 2019). And the negative perception of the
community towards the fire fighters and areas especially in informal settlers that are poor in accessibility due to
narrow and crowded streets/roads (Urban, 2022). This is one of the most common issues that the organization
faces, and it has an impact on their performance when responding to fire incidents (Xanthopoulos, 2018).
3.2. An Arduous Work that Demands Physical and Psychological Strength
Arduous work is usually a big challenge for the participants since it demands physical and psychological strength
which affects their performance in terms of responding. It is normal to be tired and lightheaded at work, but there
are some tasks that require personnel to exert excessive effort, which may affect their physical and psychological
strength when performing their duties, particularly when responding to fire incidents (Johnston, 2017). Firefighters
are exposed to a wide range of occupational stressors due to the nature of their job. These are evident in the results
of the interview conducted.
Code Name Responses
P2 “These issues have an impact on my profession as a fire officer, which is
extremely stressful and draining during a fire incident.”
P4 “Heat fatigue was one of the issues I faced while reacting to fires; I had heavy
sweating and a quick pulse as a result of my body overheating. These
difficulties affect me as a fire fighter responding to a fire situation since it
causes me bodily stress and weak.”
P5 “In responding fire incidents are heat exhaustion, burns, physical and mental
stress.”
P10 “These issues have an impact on my profession as a fire officer, which lead my
emotional stress during a fire incident.”
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Upon considering the factors, most of the respondents considered arduous work as a big impact on their
performance since most of them can feel stressed, drained, exhausted, and weakened. Your body may become tired
or weak during the course of your workday, which can have an impact on your performance (Rashid, 2020).
Work-related stress is a growing problem around the world that affects not only the health and well-being of
employees, but also the productivity of organizations (Haddon, 2018). Work-related stress arises where work
demands of various types and combinations exceed the person’s capacity and capability to cope (Liu, 2017).
Work-related stress is the second most common compensated illness/injury. Work-related stress can be caused by
various events. For example, a person might feel under pressure if the demands of their job (such as hours or
responsibilities) are greater than they can comfortably manage (Ali, 2019).
The second identified theme implies that the firefighters in Ozamiz City are having difficulty and coping time due
to arduous work which requires lots of their physical and mental strength. The said issue is a good identification
that the factors which affected the performance of the firefighters due to arduous work can still be improved and
cured by adding more personnel so that the workload can be evenly distributed and by providing new fire
apparatus for their comfort during the operation.
3.3. Frustration in the Work and Profession
Frustration is usually felt by the firefighters in Ozamiz City. Frustration arises when you feel stuck, trapped, or
unable to progress in some way. Frustrations at work lead to the loss of intensity of capacity and potential within an
employee’s personality which are eventually reduced to a minimum (Bostock, 2019). These are evident in the
results of the interview conducted.
Code Name Responses
P7 “These challenges affect my work as fire officer in a sense that it
gives me the feeling of being low morale.”
P9 “Also, these challenges affect me as fire fighter that sometimes I
feel dismayed to myself.”
Upon gathering information, most of the respondents are having frustrations with themselves or their work. This
action leads to affect the performance of the firefighters. Frustration leads to a demonstration of indifference due to
lack of motivation or personal abilities, which often leads to failure and loss of willingness to work (Kleptsova,
2018). Frustration at work can lead to perceiving even the smallest obstacles as something insurmountable, and it
may cause the feeling of discontent, inferiority, depression or aggressiveness which results in a loss of faith and
willingness to work (Rusu, 2020).
The third identified theme implies that the firefighters in Ozamiz City are having frustrations that affect their
performance. The statement being said is a good indication that it can be prevented by giving a minimum workload
on a daily basis. Obstacles and challenges that arise on a daily basis when performing work obligations can be
sources of frustration at work (Spector, 2019). Frustration can cause some employees to react emotionally to even
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the tiniest of difficulties in the workplace. Also, by confronting them in a good way or manner. Confronting them
may have a detrimental impact on work since it generates bad feelings and tension (Dorling, 2017).
3.4. Collaboration and Cooperation in Fire Safety and Prevention
Collaboration and cooperation are the key factors mentioned by the firefighters in Ozamiz City in order to have an
efficient and effective task. Collaboration and cooperation are two words that are frequently used interchangeably
in the workplace especially addressing community participation in fire safety and prevention (Ocloo, 2021). These
are evident in the results of the interview conducted.
Code Name Responses
P2 “Encourage volunteer fire brigade and train more Brgy. Tanods to
assist during firefighting operation; I learned how to maintain
active connection with the public, promote fire safety, and raise
the number of force multipliers.”
P5 “Knowing the fire safety plan is what I can share to my co-worker
and to the public in general if they want to prevent fire hazards.”
P7 “Everyone can help the community as force multipliers. Like for
example, BPAT’s, they can be trained in order to render help when
a fire incident might occur, they can assist the BFP personnel; let
us be pro-active, let us be vigilant. Pro-active means you do
something that prevents fire.”
P8 “Cooperation between the LGU and the BFP personnel.”
Upon looking into the information, Collaboration, and cooperation between the BFP personnel and the LGU as
well as the local authorities such as Barangay Tanods and with the participation of the civilians in order to maintain
safety and in order to have a constructed plan when a fire occurs. There are alternative ways to help resolve certain
conflicts, such as encouraging volunteer fire departments and training more Brgy. Tanod will assist with the
firefighting operation. Maintaining an active connection with the public, promoting fire safety, and increasing the
number of force multipliers are also important (Magnavita, 2017).
The fourth identified theme that the BFP personnel was emphasizing which is collaboration and cooperation inside
the community in terms of planning, executing, and training locals in order to have a safety plan when a fire occurs
is a good indicator of promoting safety towards a better community.
3.5. Serving the People
Serving the people is the most important and top priority of the BFP personnel in Ozamiz City. All of them wanted
to give quality service to the best of their ability in order to give safety to their community. Serving others is
characterized as showing love and kindness to everyone. Even to those who are unkind to us (Ellis, 2021). We can
help others in a variety of ways. Relationships, work, government, worship, and prayer are all ways to serve others.
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One of the most valuable ways to serve others is to demonstrate our concern for them by assisting them without
putting yourself first and expecting nothing in return (Cottam, 2018). These are evident in the results of the
interview conducted.
Code Name Responses
P2 “Serving the people as a public servant”
P3 “We should not be dismayed to any challenges we encountered and continue to
serve the public.”
P6 “BFP personnel are trying our best to serve you the best of our ability.”
P8 “No matter how hard and difficult it is, just do your job in serving the public and
be resourceful.”
P9 “No matter how hard and difficult just do our job for the public and be honest
always.”
Considering the respondent’s answers, most of them wanted to emphasize to do good even in a simple way. It may
not always seem practical to perform a service in our hectic lives, but your service does not have to be
monumental. Your service can be as simple as opening a door for someone, striking up a conversation with
someone you don't know, writing a thank you note, or letting someone in (Alberti, 2017). Always serve the people
in all honesty no matter what happens. We believe that we can all make a difference by taking action, making a
comment, or making a thoughtful gesture of any kind. We believe that if we took the time to perform a small act of
service just once a day, not only would the people around us enjoy being around us, but we would benefit as well
(Harari, 2020).
The fifth identified theme implies that serving people according to the BFP personnel is being a patriot of one’s
country. Serving people in all honesty and giving the best quality of service in order to acquire a peaceful and safe
environment and community.
4. Conclusions
The scarcity in responding fire incident, arduous work, frustration in the work, collaboration and cooperation in
fire safety and prevention, and serving the people can be mitigated by adding more resources, improve efficiency
of the existing sources, and restrict using of existing resources which are not effective. The fire fighters were
encourage to exercise while on duty. Those who engaged in regular physical training were less likely to have a
serious injury on the fire ground. The bureau's modernization law assists in resolving these challenges by
upgrading their equipment and providing training to their employees. The plans may also be their first step in
establishing a relationship in the community in order to provide lectures and seminars for their own safety in the
event of a fire. The best weapon in resolving those challenges in terms of fire incident is to always be patient with
those who are hostile during fire and to stay away from those who act violently during fire incident and to be
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112
approachable at all times in the community for our own safety. Also, those who are trained regularly perform
job-specific tasks more efficiently than untrained firefighters. Thus, it is recommended to implement exercise
program for firefighters.
5. Recommendations
It was suggested that the Ozamiz City Bureau of Fire Protection staff in charge of reacting to fire incidents to do
more fire drills and lectures about firefighting and fire safety. Also, the Local Government Unit (LGU) must
provide the lacking equipment of the BFP of Ozamiz City. Furthermore, residents of Ozamiz City are encouraged
to support one of the Bureau of Fire Protection's plans and programs to hold public lectures and drills so that they
are aware of their safety in the event of an emergency.
To overcome the arduous work, BFP personnel should conduct fire safety lectures and provide tips on how to
reduce fire incidents. You must evaluate the situation immediately when responding. The only way to minimize
the incident is to act quickly and wisely. When responding to or even being a victim of a fire, you must remain
calm in order to make sound decisions and think clearly. To address the issue, the community is encouraged to
form a volunteer fire department and train more Brgy members such as Tanods that will assist in the firefighting
operation. Furthermore, in order to alleviate the frustration caused by the encountered challenges, the bureau
intends to implement the "BFP Modernization Law," which will assist personnel in overcoming those challenges
by modernizing their equipment for the modernization program, which includes the acquisition of modern fire
equipment, the expansion of the BFP's manpower, and the provision of specialized training for firefighters.
Through these challenges, BFP personnel should not be discouraged and should continue to serve the public, and
rest assured that BFP personnel were doing their best to serve you to the fullest.
Declarations
Source of Funding
This research work did not receive any grant from funding agencies in the public or not-for-profit sectors.
Competing Interests Statement
The authors declare no competing financial, professional and personal interests.
Consent for publication
Authors declare that they consented for the publication of this research work.
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