Peacekeeping is the important function of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team in their respective barangay, BPAT visibility is the one main focus of this peacekeeping activity. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the level of performance of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) in regards to their skills in patrolling, identifying violation in the community, basic self-defense skills and crowd control skills of selected Barangays in the City of Ozamiz during COVID-19 pandemic. The researchers employed a descriptive-correlational type of research characterized by gathering data from 100 respondents from the selected barangays in Ozamiz City. Moreover, survey questionnaire was used to gather the data. Furthermore, mean and standard deviation were the statistical tool used in the data analysis. Results revealed that the majority of Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) officers were very responsive in safeguarding and patrolling the neighborhood during the day and night while on the state/verge of pandemic. BPAT officers are highly knowledgeable and visible in securing their respective communities through ronda or patrol activity. BPAT officers also perform intelligence monitoring during the pandemic. The findings may provide additional information to the PNP and may give insights to the institution for the improvement of the performance of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) at the barangay level. Lastly this study recommends to maintain the BPAT’s excellent performance, and if possible to retrain them in upgrading the skills, and to have constant monitoring and evaluation of their performance and to establish a wider coverage of study or can be done to the entire city.
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a newly found coronavirus that causes an infectious disease. Infected patients may develop mild to moderate respiratory infections and recover without the need for specific treatment. Barangay Tanods is at the forefront of maintaining peace and order. They are made up of civilian volunteers who protect the community from irregular forces while also demonstrating their commitment to crime prevention by acting as deterrents to criminals, particularly in places where police are scarce. The BPAT is a national program of the PNP to encourage people empowerment from the community to address the real-time response in case a need arises, be it peace and order, security, or rescue related matters. The study will utilize a descriptive type of research. A descriptive type of research accurately and systematically describes the responses of the population considered in a particular study. The results revealed that the overall performance of barangay tanod was excellent, regardless of age, educational attainment, or gender. There were no significant differences in the performance of tanods divided into different groups. On the other hand, the delivery of BPAT services for crime prevention needs to be enhanced. The goal of this research is to assess the BPAT’s performance during the COVID-19 pandemic in the urban barangays in Ozamiz City, which includes the following: Barangay Aguada, Barangay Carmen Annex and Barangay Catadman in terms of patrolling, cooperation with other barangay officials, and health and safety protocol execution.
This study utilized the descriptive-correlational design to gather data from 65 respondents in the 50th barangay of Ozamiz City. An adapted survey questionnaire was the main instrument used in gathering data for the study. Results revealed that the level of effectiveness of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) in relation to public safety and the implementation of curfew hours as perceived by the 50th Barangay Resident of Ozamiz City was very effective in the level of implementation of curfew hours. While in the problems encountered by the responders during the implementation of curfew for Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) resulted as not serious. As to the level of performance of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) the result revealed satisfactory ratings among the BPAT. And lastly, the level of public safety of the 50th barangay residents got a safe rating by the community. The researcher recommended that the Barangay Peacekeeping Action team are encouraged to continue their effectiveness in the implementation of curfew hours and public safety. Furthermore, this study will show the barangay peacekeeping action team's dedication to their duty to maintaining peace and order in their community.
The document provides information on report writing criteria and sentence structure. It discusses the key aspects of an effective investigative report, including clarity, accuracy, brevity, specificity, completeness and timeliness. It then defines the four main types of sentences according to structure - simple, compound, complex and compound-complex - and provides examples of each. The document also classifies sentences according to function as declarative, interrogative, imperative or exclamatory and gives examples of each type.
This document provides information and sample formats for legal forms used in investigations, including memorandums, civilian letters, and investigation reports. It discusses the typical parts and guidelines for each type of legal form. Sample formats are provided for an investigation report and a legal format for a case report, detailing the standard sections to include for each: authority, matters investigated/details, facts of the case, discussion, and conclusions. Common defects seen in communications from law enforcement offices are also listed.
This document discusses exempting circumstances under Philippine law that exempt individuals from criminal liability for committing a crime. It outlines 7 situations where exempting circumstances apply: 1) imbeciles or insane persons, 2) those under 9 years old (now 15 years old), 3) those over 9 but under 15 who did not act with discernment, 4) accidental harm during a lawful act with due care, 5) acts under compulsion of irresistible force, 6) acts due to uncontrollable fear of equal or greater injury, and 7) failure to perform a legally required act due to a lawful or insuperable cause. The document provides details on the elements and standards of proof required for each exempting circumstance.
This thesis assessed the moral values of Philippine National Police (PNP) personnel in Eastern Pangasinan. It found that PNP personnel rated highly on maka-Diyos (God-centered), maka-tao (humane), maka-bayan (pro-country), and maka-kalikasan (pro-environment) values as well as professional values like professionalism, competence, discipline, and trustworthiness. The study also found that moral values did not differ based on personal attributes. To sustain these moral values, the study recommended the PNP adopt proposed intervention mechanisms and that future research utilize qualitative methods to explore the dynamism of moral values in more depth.
Fire Prevention Program (FPP) of the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) in Urdan...Jo Balucanag - Bitonio
This thesis evaluates the Fire Prevention Program (FPP) of the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) in Urdaneta City. It examines the implementation of the FPP from 2006-2007, including the level of compliance by business/building owners to fire safety standards. It identifies problems encountered by BFP personnel and residents, and solutions adopted. The study found that while the FPP was effectively implemented, there were issues like lack of equipment and personnel for BFP. It concluded with recommendations such as providing more training for BFP personnel and addressing their problems.
The lupon is the conciliation body in each barangay composed of the punong barangay as chair and 10-20 members appointed every 3 years. The lupon aims to settle disputes amicably through mediation and constitutes conciliation panels called pangkat ng tagapagkasundo for each dispute. The pangkat, composed of 3 members chosen by the parties, hears both sides and explores settlement within 15 days. The objectives of barangay conciliation include decongesting courts and promoting speedy justice through alternative dispute resolution at the barangay level.
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a newly found coronavirus that causes an infectious disease. Infected patients may develop mild to moderate respiratory infections and recover without the need for specific treatment. Barangay Tanods is at the forefront of maintaining peace and order. They are made up of civilian volunteers who protect the community from irregular forces while also demonstrating their commitment to crime prevention by acting as deterrents to criminals, particularly in places where police are scarce. The BPAT is a national program of the PNP to encourage people empowerment from the community to address the real-time response in case a need arises, be it peace and order, security, or rescue related matters. The study will utilize a descriptive type of research. A descriptive type of research accurately and systematically describes the responses of the population considered in a particular study. The results revealed that the overall performance of barangay tanod was excellent, regardless of age, educational attainment, or gender. There were no significant differences in the performance of tanods divided into different groups. On the other hand, the delivery of BPAT services for crime prevention needs to be enhanced. The goal of this research is to assess the BPAT’s performance during the COVID-19 pandemic in the urban barangays in Ozamiz City, which includes the following: Barangay Aguada, Barangay Carmen Annex and Barangay Catadman in terms of patrolling, cooperation with other barangay officials, and health and safety protocol execution.
This study utilized the descriptive-correlational design to gather data from 65 respondents in the 50th barangay of Ozamiz City. An adapted survey questionnaire was the main instrument used in gathering data for the study. Results revealed that the level of effectiveness of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) in relation to public safety and the implementation of curfew hours as perceived by the 50th Barangay Resident of Ozamiz City was very effective in the level of implementation of curfew hours. While in the problems encountered by the responders during the implementation of curfew for Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) resulted as not serious. As to the level of performance of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) the result revealed satisfactory ratings among the BPAT. And lastly, the level of public safety of the 50th barangay residents got a safe rating by the community. The researcher recommended that the Barangay Peacekeeping Action team are encouraged to continue their effectiveness in the implementation of curfew hours and public safety. Furthermore, this study will show the barangay peacekeeping action team's dedication to their duty to maintaining peace and order in their community.
The document provides information on report writing criteria and sentence structure. It discusses the key aspects of an effective investigative report, including clarity, accuracy, brevity, specificity, completeness and timeliness. It then defines the four main types of sentences according to structure - simple, compound, complex and compound-complex - and provides examples of each. The document also classifies sentences according to function as declarative, interrogative, imperative or exclamatory and gives examples of each type.
This document provides information and sample formats for legal forms used in investigations, including memorandums, civilian letters, and investigation reports. It discusses the typical parts and guidelines for each type of legal form. Sample formats are provided for an investigation report and a legal format for a case report, detailing the standard sections to include for each: authority, matters investigated/details, facts of the case, discussion, and conclusions. Common defects seen in communications from law enforcement offices are also listed.
This document discusses exempting circumstances under Philippine law that exempt individuals from criminal liability for committing a crime. It outlines 7 situations where exempting circumstances apply: 1) imbeciles or insane persons, 2) those under 9 years old (now 15 years old), 3) those over 9 but under 15 who did not act with discernment, 4) accidental harm during a lawful act with due care, 5) acts under compulsion of irresistible force, 6) acts due to uncontrollable fear of equal or greater injury, and 7) failure to perform a legally required act due to a lawful or insuperable cause. The document provides details on the elements and standards of proof required for each exempting circumstance.
This thesis assessed the moral values of Philippine National Police (PNP) personnel in Eastern Pangasinan. It found that PNP personnel rated highly on maka-Diyos (God-centered), maka-tao (humane), maka-bayan (pro-country), and maka-kalikasan (pro-environment) values as well as professional values like professionalism, competence, discipline, and trustworthiness. The study also found that moral values did not differ based on personal attributes. To sustain these moral values, the study recommended the PNP adopt proposed intervention mechanisms and that future research utilize qualitative methods to explore the dynamism of moral values in more depth.
Fire Prevention Program (FPP) of the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) in Urdan...Jo Balucanag - Bitonio
This thesis evaluates the Fire Prevention Program (FPP) of the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) in Urdaneta City. It examines the implementation of the FPP from 2006-2007, including the level of compliance by business/building owners to fire safety standards. It identifies problems encountered by BFP personnel and residents, and solutions adopted. The study found that while the FPP was effectively implemented, there were issues like lack of equipment and personnel for BFP. It concluded with recommendations such as providing more training for BFP personnel and addressing their problems.
The lupon is the conciliation body in each barangay composed of the punong barangay as chair and 10-20 members appointed every 3 years. The lupon aims to settle disputes amicably through mediation and constitutes conciliation panels called pangkat ng tagapagkasundo for each dispute. The pangkat, composed of 3 members chosen by the parties, hears both sides and explores settlement within 15 days. The objectives of barangay conciliation include decongesting courts and promoting speedy justice through alternative dispute resolution at the barangay level.
Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) camera have recently become an indispensable part of daily life. Cameras are of vital importance as significant elements of security systems in different buildings and establishments such as houses, stores, and shopping malls. Also, millions of CCTV cameras are installed in streets with the goal of reducing crimes, preventing crimes, and increasing public safety. Effectiveness of the installation of CCTV cameras in relation to crime prevention aims to determine the effectiveness of CCTV cameras in the selected barangays of Ozamiz City, usefulness in crime prevention with respect to traffic violations, crimes against person and crimes against properties and to propose an action-based plan based on the results of the study. The study utilized descriptive-correlational design, mean and standard deviation was used to analyze the gathered data. Results revealed that the installation of CCTV cameras are very effective in crime prevention as it monitors and records the scenes 24/7 that can help in solving any reported crimes such as theft or robbery incident. Moreover, the installation of CCTV cameras is very useful in crimes against person and crimes against properties as well as in preventing traffic violations because CCTV can be used as evidence in court, and it will help the authorities solve any crimes and when drivers are aware that CCTV are monitoring the roads and traffic, they will adhere to the laws set by the authorities for fear of getting penalized.
This document discusses the concept of justifying circumstances under Philippine law. It defines justifying circumstances as acts that are deemed not to have transgressed the law due to being in accordance with the law. Six specific justifying circumstances are outlined: self-defense, defense of relatives, defense of strangers, state of necessity, fulfillment of lawful duty, and obedience to superior orders. The document then goes into detail about the elements and requirements of self-defense, defense of relatives, and defense of property. It discusses what constitutes unlawful aggression, reasonable necessity of the means used, and lack of sufficient provocation in order to claim self-defense.
The document discusses the implementation of curfew hours in Bag-ong Lungsod, Tandag City, Philippines. It aims to determine the demographic profile of respondents, their level of awareness of the curfew, the information strategies used, and outcomes/feedback of the implementation. The study is significant as it will help inform residents, government officials, students and others about the importance of implementing curfews to promote security, peace and order. It is focused on assessing the effectiveness of the curfew's implementation in Bag-ong Lungsod. The document provides context on curfews and reviews related literature and studies to support the research.
Criminal law 101 provides an overview of key concepts in criminal law. It defines criminal law and discusses characteristics like being generally binding and having prospective effect. It also outlines sources of criminal law like the Revised Penal Code. Crimes are further categorized as being against persons or properties. The basic elements of a crime are also defined, including actus reus, mens rea, concurrence, and causation. Crimes can be classified as felonies, misdemeanors, malum in se, or malum prohibitum. The stages in committing a crime and theories of criminal law like the classical and positivist approaches are also summarized. Penalties and levels of participation like principals, accomplices and accessories
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN PROTECTION DESK PROGRAM AND SERVICES...Jo Balucanag - Bitonio
The document discusses the implementation of the Women and Children Protection Desk (WCPD) program and services in the Cordillera Administrative Region of the Philippines. It finds that most WCPDs are located in Baguio City and the province of Benguet and were established in the 1990s. The desks are typically staffed by 1-10 employees and have limited facilities, with most located in police stations. Common crimes addressed include physical and sexual violence, as well as theft involving children. Leadership of WCPD officers is rated as very satisfactory. Implementation of preventive services, such as seminars and information dissemination, occurs often.
Crime prevention, Tips for Filipino CitezenKenneth Malte
This document provides information and tips on crime prevention. It discusses what constitutes a crime and how crime prevention aims to reduce crimes from occurring. It offers several recommendations for community involvement in crime prevention through neighborhood watches and meetings. It also provides safety tips for individuals and families, including securing homes, being wary of strangers, and teaching children about stranger danger. The document stresses the importance of reporting any suspicious criminal activities or emergencies to the 117 emergency hotline number in the Philippines.
The document provides samples of basic legal forms used in Philippine courts, including captions, acknowledgments, affidavits, and negotiable instruments. It describes the types of courts established after the Judiciary Reorganization Act of 1980 and provides examples of captions for each court. It also provides templates for acknowledgments, jurats, affidavits, verifications, and certifications. Finally, it includes examples of promissory notes and bills of exchange as samples of negotiable instruments.
Pnp pre charge evaluation and summary hearing guiderengar23
This document introduces a guide for the Philippine National Police's (PNP) internal discipline mechanism. It aims to address issues like a lack of familiarity with disciplinary procedures and inadequate training for pre-charge evaluators and summary hearing officers. The guide provides step-by-step procedures for handling complaints from receipt to final resolution. It includes sample forms, scripts for hearings, and appendices with relevant PNP memoranda to help users efficiently and systematically resolve administrative cases. The goal is to help the PNP better investigate and discipline its own members to uphold justice and accountability.
This document summarizes the salient features, issues, and concerns regarding the implementation of Republic Act 9262 or the Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004 in the Philippines. Key provisions of the law include barangay, temporary, and permanent protection orders; classifying violence against women as a public crime; and providing additional leave and support services to victims. However, challenges remain in enforcing the law, including some judges who believe the law is unfair to men or unconstitutional, and a view that the law destroys family unity. Solutions proposed include specializing courts to handle violence against women cases and increasing public awareness and education on women's rights.
The formal appearance of an accused person to hear, and to receive a copy of, the charge against him or her, in the presence of a judge, and to then enter a plea of guilty or not guilty.
The document provides an overview of the Philippine criminal justice system. It discusses the key stages and institutions involved, including:
1) Law enforcement agencies like the police that conduct investigations of reported crimes.
2) Prosecutors that evaluate evidence from police investigations and file criminal charges in court.
3) Courts that oversee legal proceedings, determine guilt or innocence, and sentence those convicted.
4) Correctional institutions that incarcerate and aim to rehabilitate those sentenced.
5) The role of communities in preventing crime and cooperating with law enforcement.
The criminal justice process aims to both punish wrongdoers and promote deterrence, retribution and behavioral change.
This document defines terms related to ethics, values, and conduct for public officials and employees in the Philippines according to Republic Act No. 6713. It includes 22 terms to define, such as crime, dishonesty, disloyalty to the government, and gift. It also discusses the core values of the Philippine National Police (PNP), including love of God, respect for authority, and service to people. The document outlines ethical standards, customs, ceremonies and traditions of the PNP regarding professional conduct, discipline, secrecy, and courtesy.
Diversion refers to an alternative process for handling children in conflict with the law without resorting to formal court proceedings. It involves determining responsibility and treatment based on the child's background through informal means like mediation or community programs. Children eligible for diversion must be 15-18, acted with discernment, and are accused of offenses with imprisonment of 6-12 years. Diversion can occur at the barangay, police, or prosecutor level for lesser offenses, and in court for more serious offenses. It involves convening relevant parties to identify appropriate programs for the child, and drafting a contract outlining the program and responsibilities of all parties which the child must complete to conclude the diversion process.
Parole is the early release of a prisoner from prison after serving the minimum period of their indeterminate sentence. The Board of Pardons and Parole, under the Department of Justice, has the authority to grant parole to prisoners. A prisoner can be granted parole if the Board finds they are likely to obey the law and their release would not endanger society, and they have served the minimum time of their indeterminate sentence. If a parolee violates the conditions of their parole, they will be sent back to prison to serve the remainder of their maximum sentence. Executive clemency from the President, such as commutation of sentence, conditional pardon, or absolute pardon, can also result in early release and may be
The document discusses the elements and key aspects of the crimes of robbery, theft, estafa, and bouncing checks under Philippine criminal law. It defines robbery as taking property through violence/intimidation and notes it is more serious than theft. Theft is taking property without consent. Estafa involves abuse of confidence and deceit. Bouncing checks involves issuing a check knowing there are insufficient funds to cover it. The document provides details on how each crime is committed and elements that must be proven for conviction.
1. The prosecution plays a crucial role in the Philippine criminal justice system as it occupies the central position between the police and the courts.
2. The prosecutor is responsible for carrying out the administration of the criminal justice system through adequately examining offenses and deciding whether to prosecute individuals, ensuring fairness and justice.
3. Preliminary investigations are conducted by prosecutors to determine if there is probable cause that a crime has been committed before criminal charges are formally filed. This helps preserve evidence and keep witnesses under the state's control.
This document discusses Republic Act No. 9262, also known as the Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004, and Republic Act No. 9710, known as the Magna Carta for Women. It defines terms like violence against women, temporary protection orders, and battered woman syndrome. It also outlines the responsibilities of agencies involved in implementing the acts, such as the Inter-Agency Council on Violence Against Women and Their Children, the Philippine National Police's Women and Children Protection Desks, and the Department of Social Welfare and Development. The acts aim to protect women and children from violence and ensure state support for victims.
This document outlines standard operating procedures for Philippine police units. It discusses policies for maintaining police blotters, coordinating operations between units, use of force guidelines, arrest procedures, crime scene management, and search and seizure protocols. Police units must keep separate blotters for cases involving violence against women and children to protect privacy. Officers are instructed to use reasonable and proportional force, issue warnings before using force, and file reports after discharging firearms. When responding to calls, priorities are aiding the injured, apprehending criminals, and protecting crime scenes.
Philippine National Police Criminal Investigation ManualHarve Abella
This document is the revised 2011 Philippine National Police Criminal Investigation Manual. It provides guidelines and procedures for criminal investigations conducted by PNP officers. The manual covers general investigation procedures and details the investigation process for specific crimes defined in the Revised Penal Code of the Philippines such as crimes against public order, public interest, persons, and liberty.
Methodology
• Discussion
• Actual Demonstration
• Written Test
• Clip Art Visualization
Assessment Method
• Observation
• Answer Key on Written test
• Questioning Answer
Recap
• MODULE I 7 hrs
• MODULE II 4 hrs
• MODULE III 7 hrs
• MODULE IV 8 hrs
• MODULE V 4 hrs
• MODULE VI 2 hrs
• MODULE VII 11 hrs
Total No. of Training Hours 43 hrs
Total No. of Training Days 7 days (including distribution of Certificates)
This document discusses two-way causality between social capital and poverty in rural Indonesia. It analyzes data from two nationally representative datasets to show that social capital, defined as participation in social activities, positively affects household expenditure, a proxy for poverty. It also finds that factors like education, number of social organizations in a village, permanent market infrastructure, and home ownership determine social capital levels. The study aims to better understand this relationship to inform policies that can help reduce rural poverty through facilitating access to social capital for poor households.
The Modern-Day Heroes of the Tri- Bureaus of the Province of Ilocos Norte in ...AI Publications
The COVID-19 pandemic greatly affected the life of the law enforcement sector. This study explored the experiences of modern-day heroes from the Tri-Bureaus of Ilocos Norte during the health pandemic. It involved 19 participants composed of police officers, jail officers and fire officers who rendered duty during the total lockdown, Modified Enhanced Community Quarantine and General Community Quarantine. Qualitative-phenomenology, five major themes are identified as the feeling of distress, struggles amidst the challenges of the pandemic, motivational drives, life realizations and wellness as a priority. This study implies a need to revisit organizational policies to ensure the health and safety of personnel in the Tri-Bureaus.
Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) camera have recently become an indispensable part of daily life. Cameras are of vital importance as significant elements of security systems in different buildings and establishments such as houses, stores, and shopping malls. Also, millions of CCTV cameras are installed in streets with the goal of reducing crimes, preventing crimes, and increasing public safety. Effectiveness of the installation of CCTV cameras in relation to crime prevention aims to determine the effectiveness of CCTV cameras in the selected barangays of Ozamiz City, usefulness in crime prevention with respect to traffic violations, crimes against person and crimes against properties and to propose an action-based plan based on the results of the study. The study utilized descriptive-correlational design, mean and standard deviation was used to analyze the gathered data. Results revealed that the installation of CCTV cameras are very effective in crime prevention as it monitors and records the scenes 24/7 that can help in solving any reported crimes such as theft or robbery incident. Moreover, the installation of CCTV cameras is very useful in crimes against person and crimes against properties as well as in preventing traffic violations because CCTV can be used as evidence in court, and it will help the authorities solve any crimes and when drivers are aware that CCTV are monitoring the roads and traffic, they will adhere to the laws set by the authorities for fear of getting penalized.
This document discusses the concept of justifying circumstances under Philippine law. It defines justifying circumstances as acts that are deemed not to have transgressed the law due to being in accordance with the law. Six specific justifying circumstances are outlined: self-defense, defense of relatives, defense of strangers, state of necessity, fulfillment of lawful duty, and obedience to superior orders. The document then goes into detail about the elements and requirements of self-defense, defense of relatives, and defense of property. It discusses what constitutes unlawful aggression, reasonable necessity of the means used, and lack of sufficient provocation in order to claim self-defense.
The document discusses the implementation of curfew hours in Bag-ong Lungsod, Tandag City, Philippines. It aims to determine the demographic profile of respondents, their level of awareness of the curfew, the information strategies used, and outcomes/feedback of the implementation. The study is significant as it will help inform residents, government officials, students and others about the importance of implementing curfews to promote security, peace and order. It is focused on assessing the effectiveness of the curfew's implementation in Bag-ong Lungsod. The document provides context on curfews and reviews related literature and studies to support the research.
Criminal law 101 provides an overview of key concepts in criminal law. It defines criminal law and discusses characteristics like being generally binding and having prospective effect. It also outlines sources of criminal law like the Revised Penal Code. Crimes are further categorized as being against persons or properties. The basic elements of a crime are also defined, including actus reus, mens rea, concurrence, and causation. Crimes can be classified as felonies, misdemeanors, malum in se, or malum prohibitum. The stages in committing a crime and theories of criminal law like the classical and positivist approaches are also summarized. Penalties and levels of participation like principals, accomplices and accessories
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN PROTECTION DESK PROGRAM AND SERVICES...Jo Balucanag - Bitonio
The document discusses the implementation of the Women and Children Protection Desk (WCPD) program and services in the Cordillera Administrative Region of the Philippines. It finds that most WCPDs are located in Baguio City and the province of Benguet and were established in the 1990s. The desks are typically staffed by 1-10 employees and have limited facilities, with most located in police stations. Common crimes addressed include physical and sexual violence, as well as theft involving children. Leadership of WCPD officers is rated as very satisfactory. Implementation of preventive services, such as seminars and information dissemination, occurs often.
Crime prevention, Tips for Filipino CitezenKenneth Malte
This document provides information and tips on crime prevention. It discusses what constitutes a crime and how crime prevention aims to reduce crimes from occurring. It offers several recommendations for community involvement in crime prevention through neighborhood watches and meetings. It also provides safety tips for individuals and families, including securing homes, being wary of strangers, and teaching children about stranger danger. The document stresses the importance of reporting any suspicious criminal activities or emergencies to the 117 emergency hotline number in the Philippines.
The document provides samples of basic legal forms used in Philippine courts, including captions, acknowledgments, affidavits, and negotiable instruments. It describes the types of courts established after the Judiciary Reorganization Act of 1980 and provides examples of captions for each court. It also provides templates for acknowledgments, jurats, affidavits, verifications, and certifications. Finally, it includes examples of promissory notes and bills of exchange as samples of negotiable instruments.
Pnp pre charge evaluation and summary hearing guiderengar23
This document introduces a guide for the Philippine National Police's (PNP) internal discipline mechanism. It aims to address issues like a lack of familiarity with disciplinary procedures and inadequate training for pre-charge evaluators and summary hearing officers. The guide provides step-by-step procedures for handling complaints from receipt to final resolution. It includes sample forms, scripts for hearings, and appendices with relevant PNP memoranda to help users efficiently and systematically resolve administrative cases. The goal is to help the PNP better investigate and discipline its own members to uphold justice and accountability.
This document summarizes the salient features, issues, and concerns regarding the implementation of Republic Act 9262 or the Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004 in the Philippines. Key provisions of the law include barangay, temporary, and permanent protection orders; classifying violence against women as a public crime; and providing additional leave and support services to victims. However, challenges remain in enforcing the law, including some judges who believe the law is unfair to men or unconstitutional, and a view that the law destroys family unity. Solutions proposed include specializing courts to handle violence against women cases and increasing public awareness and education on women's rights.
The formal appearance of an accused person to hear, and to receive a copy of, the charge against him or her, in the presence of a judge, and to then enter a plea of guilty or not guilty.
The document provides an overview of the Philippine criminal justice system. It discusses the key stages and institutions involved, including:
1) Law enforcement agencies like the police that conduct investigations of reported crimes.
2) Prosecutors that evaluate evidence from police investigations and file criminal charges in court.
3) Courts that oversee legal proceedings, determine guilt or innocence, and sentence those convicted.
4) Correctional institutions that incarcerate and aim to rehabilitate those sentenced.
5) The role of communities in preventing crime and cooperating with law enforcement.
The criminal justice process aims to both punish wrongdoers and promote deterrence, retribution and behavioral change.
This document defines terms related to ethics, values, and conduct for public officials and employees in the Philippines according to Republic Act No. 6713. It includes 22 terms to define, such as crime, dishonesty, disloyalty to the government, and gift. It also discusses the core values of the Philippine National Police (PNP), including love of God, respect for authority, and service to people. The document outlines ethical standards, customs, ceremonies and traditions of the PNP regarding professional conduct, discipline, secrecy, and courtesy.
Diversion refers to an alternative process for handling children in conflict with the law without resorting to formal court proceedings. It involves determining responsibility and treatment based on the child's background through informal means like mediation or community programs. Children eligible for diversion must be 15-18, acted with discernment, and are accused of offenses with imprisonment of 6-12 years. Diversion can occur at the barangay, police, or prosecutor level for lesser offenses, and in court for more serious offenses. It involves convening relevant parties to identify appropriate programs for the child, and drafting a contract outlining the program and responsibilities of all parties which the child must complete to conclude the diversion process.
Parole is the early release of a prisoner from prison after serving the minimum period of their indeterminate sentence. The Board of Pardons and Parole, under the Department of Justice, has the authority to grant parole to prisoners. A prisoner can be granted parole if the Board finds they are likely to obey the law and their release would not endanger society, and they have served the minimum time of their indeterminate sentence. If a parolee violates the conditions of their parole, they will be sent back to prison to serve the remainder of their maximum sentence. Executive clemency from the President, such as commutation of sentence, conditional pardon, or absolute pardon, can also result in early release and may be
The document discusses the elements and key aspects of the crimes of robbery, theft, estafa, and bouncing checks under Philippine criminal law. It defines robbery as taking property through violence/intimidation and notes it is more serious than theft. Theft is taking property without consent. Estafa involves abuse of confidence and deceit. Bouncing checks involves issuing a check knowing there are insufficient funds to cover it. The document provides details on how each crime is committed and elements that must be proven for conviction.
1. The prosecution plays a crucial role in the Philippine criminal justice system as it occupies the central position between the police and the courts.
2. The prosecutor is responsible for carrying out the administration of the criminal justice system through adequately examining offenses and deciding whether to prosecute individuals, ensuring fairness and justice.
3. Preliminary investigations are conducted by prosecutors to determine if there is probable cause that a crime has been committed before criminal charges are formally filed. This helps preserve evidence and keep witnesses under the state's control.
This document discusses Republic Act No. 9262, also known as the Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004, and Republic Act No. 9710, known as the Magna Carta for Women. It defines terms like violence against women, temporary protection orders, and battered woman syndrome. It also outlines the responsibilities of agencies involved in implementing the acts, such as the Inter-Agency Council on Violence Against Women and Their Children, the Philippine National Police's Women and Children Protection Desks, and the Department of Social Welfare and Development. The acts aim to protect women and children from violence and ensure state support for victims.
This document outlines standard operating procedures for Philippine police units. It discusses policies for maintaining police blotters, coordinating operations between units, use of force guidelines, arrest procedures, crime scene management, and search and seizure protocols. Police units must keep separate blotters for cases involving violence against women and children to protect privacy. Officers are instructed to use reasonable and proportional force, issue warnings before using force, and file reports after discharging firearms. When responding to calls, priorities are aiding the injured, apprehending criminals, and protecting crime scenes.
Philippine National Police Criminal Investigation ManualHarve Abella
This document is the revised 2011 Philippine National Police Criminal Investigation Manual. It provides guidelines and procedures for criminal investigations conducted by PNP officers. The manual covers general investigation procedures and details the investigation process for specific crimes defined in the Revised Penal Code of the Philippines such as crimes against public order, public interest, persons, and liberty.
Methodology
• Discussion
• Actual Demonstration
• Written Test
• Clip Art Visualization
Assessment Method
• Observation
• Answer Key on Written test
• Questioning Answer
Recap
• MODULE I 7 hrs
• MODULE II 4 hrs
• MODULE III 7 hrs
• MODULE IV 8 hrs
• MODULE V 4 hrs
• MODULE VI 2 hrs
• MODULE VII 11 hrs
Total No. of Training Hours 43 hrs
Total No. of Training Days 7 days (including distribution of Certificates)
This document discusses two-way causality between social capital and poverty in rural Indonesia. It analyzes data from two nationally representative datasets to show that social capital, defined as participation in social activities, positively affects household expenditure, a proxy for poverty. It also finds that factors like education, number of social organizations in a village, permanent market infrastructure, and home ownership determine social capital levels. The study aims to better understand this relationship to inform policies that can help reduce rural poverty through facilitating access to social capital for poor households.
The Modern-Day Heroes of the Tri- Bureaus of the Province of Ilocos Norte in ...AI Publications
The COVID-19 pandemic greatly affected the life of the law enforcement sector. This study explored the experiences of modern-day heroes from the Tri-Bureaus of Ilocos Norte during the health pandemic. It involved 19 participants composed of police officers, jail officers and fire officers who rendered duty during the total lockdown, Modified Enhanced Community Quarantine and General Community Quarantine. Qualitative-phenomenology, five major themes are identified as the feeling of distress, struggles amidst the challenges of the pandemic, motivational drives, life realizations and wellness as a priority. This study implies a need to revisit organizational policies to ensure the health and safety of personnel in the Tri-Bureaus.
Community Resilience Response to Boko Haram Insurgency in Yobe Stateijtsrd
The objectives of this study are to study the existing community resilience measures in Yobe State to examine the successes and challenges of the existing community resilience measures in the State and c to provide measures for overcoming these challenges. The study adopts control theory and situational crime prevention theory to explain community resilience to Boko Haram insurgency and its preventive measures in the study area. A body of literature on the subject matter has been consulted. Methodologically, the study will be survey research design and the target populations of the study were male and female community members, political leaders, traditional leaders, security agents, media persons, representatives of NGOs and CSOs. A sample size of 156 respondents was selected using cluster and simple random sampling techniques out of which 150 respondents provided quantitative data and the remaining 6 gave qualitative data. The sources of data were primary questionnaire and secondary and the method of data analysis was mixed method. The finding of the study indicated that the existing community resilience measures in Yobe State include the use of civilian JTF to prevent the re occurrence of the insurgency economic empowerment for the victims of the insurgency, special intervention for IDPs as safety net, and collaboration between the communities and the law enforcements. The successes of the existing community resilience measures in the State include more foreign investors coming into the State, reduction in the number of youths joining Boko Haram, emptying of IDPs’ camps, sense of security by the communities, and women and children empowerment in the State. The challenges of existing community resilience measures in the study area include lack of deliberate effort by the government, threats to peace by NGOs, increase in poverty and unemployment in the State, lack of cooperation by security agencies, lack of cooperation by the community members, and lack of community resilience professionalism. The measures for overcoming these challenges are deliberate effort by the government to address the challenges identify NGOs that threaten peace in the State reduction in poverty and unemployment incorporation of all security agencies to end the conflict and emphasis on IDPs. Mohammed Kachalla "Community Resilience: Response to Boko Haram Insurgency in Yobe State" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd53954.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/53954/community-resilience-response-to-boko-haram-insurgency-in-yobe-state/mohammed-kachalla
The COVID-19 pandemic provided lessons for health policies across the globe. We assessed the knowledge, attitudes and practices of vulnerable populations in an informal settlement in Mumbai,
India, during the pandemic.
This document discusses the mental health challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan. It notes that Pakistan has seen over 282,000 confirmed cases and 6000 deaths as of May 2020. The lockdowns and quarantines have created stress, fear, and economic insecurity for many in Pakistan. There have been reported increases in anxiety, depression and even suicide linked to the pandemic. The government of Pakistan has created guidelines for managing the psychological impacts and some initiatives have been launched. However, more efforts are still needed, especially in increasing access to mental healthcare in rural areas. The media can play a role in raising awareness and motivation.
Crime is considered as a serious issue. It makes people worried on their own safety especially when the crime rate is increasing. The study generated the trend analysis and forecasted data of the recorded crimes in Ozamiz City using autoregressive integrated moving average through the GRTEL software. Results showed that majority of the crimes recorded decreased from 2018 to 2021. These include crimes against person, crimes against property, crimes against personal liberty and security and violations against special laws particularly the comprehensive dangerous drugs Act of 2002. However, the violators who resisted persons in authority drastically increased. On the other hand, forecasted data revealed that most of the crimes will most likely increase in occurrence in the year 2022 and will be stabilized in the remaining years. The data gathered from this study can be used by the different law enforcement agencies in planning and creating intervention strategies towards mitigating the occurrence of crimes in Ozamiz City.
Disaster Risk Management Strategies of Small Administrative Divisions in Catu...ijtsrd
This descriptive study investigated the disaster risk management DRM strategies of the elected officials in the 12 disaster prone small administrative divisions along the riverbanks of Catubig Valley in Northern Samar, Philippines. Survey questionnaire and personal interviews were employed for data retrieval. The study revealed that the DRM was “moderately managed” . It further highlighted eight 8 DRM related problems which ranged from low awareness of accountability and poor know how on DRM to insufficient time preparation and lack of equipment machinery, among others. These were the raw bases in framing the intervention design. Leah A. de Asis | Brenfred N. Romero | Karene Maneka A. de Asis-Estigoy | Amador A. Estigoy, Jr. "Disaster Risk Management Strategies of Small Administrative Divisions in Catubig Valley, Philippines: Basis for Intervention Design" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38024.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/38024/disaster-risk-management-strategies-of-small-administrative-divisions-in-catubig-valley-philippines-basis-for-intervention-design/leah-a-de-asis
Analysis of institutional capacity of national social protection policy frame...Narith Por
Abstract- Cambodians are still vulnerable. To reverse those conditions, National Social Protection Strategy (N.S.P.S) was developed for the poor and vulnerable people to promote their livelihoods. Royal Government of Cambodia (R.G.C) has paid attention on social assistance. In strategic plans, it highlights on strengthening, and developing social security in collective way, consistent and effectively. With these issues, the government establish national social protection policy framework in order to help all people in particular poor and vulnerable people (M.o.E.F, 2017, p.1). The research aims at reviewing an institutional capacity of government institutions in charge of National Social Protection Framework (N.S.P.P.F) toward its goal achievement” The Department for International Development (D.E.F.I.D) capacity approach is proposed to framework for this institution of government toward its goal achievement. The D.E.F.I.D (2003) cited in Kay & Franks (2003) identifies thee approach for assessing capacities in three level.
The strengths and the weakness of the seven points were identified. Those included Overview of N.S.P.P.F, financial resources, relationship with others, policies and systems, strategies, structures and technical skills and competencies. It was concluded that limitation of budget, lack of data and guideline for implementing the frameworks. Recommendations were identification of People with Disability (P.W.D) data, people close to the poverty line, inclusion of P.W.D, increase in budget and budget decentralization.
ACTION LEARNING FOR CRIME PREVENTION: IMPLICATIONS FOR COMMUNITY SAFETYijejournal
Crime prevention is everyone’s responsibility – law enforcement officers, community members, social
groups, businesses and governments who all need to be sensitized about prevention strategies for ensuring
community safety. Interpretive paradigm was used within a qualitative research approach. We adopted a
descriptive research design. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect data from all the
participants that were purposively chosen. Six crime prevention officers, that were selected using snowball
sampling, were individually interviewed. Data were further collected from twenty-eight members of
community policing forums in three focus group discussions and six members of the inner council in the
fourth focus group discussion. Qualitative thematic analysis was used. The findings revealed that some
community policing forum members abused their skills and knowledge to commit crime than fight it. The
findings demonstrated that community policing is effective in reducing crime. However, it transpired that
the forums faced several challenges such as: lack of airtime to make calls, lack of incentives to motivate
members, female members experiencing difficulty at night because they were afraid while others were not
released by their partners to go to work. Although the community policing forums enhanced social change
towards crime in various communities, there are negative implications for women serving as members of
the forums.
Enhancing Social Capital During the Pandemic: A Case of the Rural Women in Bu...Premier Publishers
The document discusses a case study of enhancing social capital among rural women in Bukidnon Province, Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic through a livelihood project. Key findings include:
1) Technical trainings provided by the project increased the women's knowledge, allowing them to generate additional household income through vegetable gardening during the pandemic.
2) The women's social capital, as measured by groups/networks, trust, and cooperation, increased by 15.5% from 2019 to 2020 through increased participation in their association.
3) Main occupations, income sources, and ethnicity influenced the women's social capital. The project enhanced social ties that empowered the rural women economically and socially despite challenges of the pandemic.
Abstract
Conflicts and protracted crises have resulted in a sharp rise in the number of Internally
Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Nigeria. Displaced persons not only face physical threats in such
circumstances of forced migration, but are also confronted with the challenge of economic
survival. In this context, Conditional Cash Transfers (CCTs) becomes an increasingly
important tool in humanitarian response and poverty reduction. In recent years, Nigeria has
deemed it necessary to embrace cash transfers as social protection instruments to tackle poverty
and vulnerability. This study examined the implementation of the CCT programme in Benue
State, Nigeria. The vulnerability theory was used as the theoretical underpinning of the study.
The study adopted both quantitative and qualitative methodological approaches to carry out in-
depth investigation. Survey and documentary sources were used for data collection, while
descriptive statistics and content analysis were used for data analysis. The data analyzed
revealed that the CCT Programme as presently implemented in Benue State covered the poor
and vulnerable, but did not extend to the large IDP population. It also established that IDPs in
Benue State were supportive of in-kind assistance, but indicated the need for a combination of
in-kind and cash assistance. The study recommended that in extending the CCT programme to
IDPs in Benue State, strategies such as establishment of a robust programming framework;
strong Measurement and Evaluation (M&E) mechanisms; and training to help beneficiaries
utilize from provided assistance, among others, should be adopted to maximize benefits and
mitigate possible risks associated with the programme.
This note focuses on the situation of COVID-19 in India and the government’s communication efforts during the pandemic. Based on MSC's research with low- and middle-income households, it highlights how these efforts can be strengthened through the adoption of a Social Behavioral Change Communication (SBCC) campaign.
1. The document examines rural livelihoods and poverty in Tanzania's Mkinga District. It analyzes how people use livelihood diversification as a coping strategy and the challenges they face due to various risks.
2. The sustainable livelihoods framework is introduced as a tool to understand the components that influence people's access to assets and livelihood opportunities. These include capabilities, equity, and sustainability.
3. For poverty alleviation, the document argues the government should promote livelihood diversification alongside measures to support agriculture and non-farm activities like aquaculture, tourism, and access to resources like credit, insurance, and extension services.
COVID-19 Pandemic: Management emergencies response and lesson learned from th...IJAEMSJORNAL
This article reviews best practices and lessons learned for emergency response to the COVID-19 pandemic from various countries around the world based on a literature review. The key lessons identified include: establishing extensive public health infrastructure; building temporary hospitals; implementing effective isolation and quarantine methods; increasing social distancing; using digital surveillance systems; gaining community involvement; enacting lockdowns as a last resort; and considering crisis management from an Islamic perspective. The article concludes that emergency response and decision making play a very influential role in controlling the spread of COVID-19.
Clustering analysis on news from health OSINT data regarding CORONAVIRUS-COVI...ALexandruDaia1
Our primarly goal was to detect clusters via gensim libraries in news data consisting ofinformation regarding health and threats. We identified clusters for the periodscorresponding: i) Jannuary 2006 until the end of 2019, as December 2019 is considered thefirst month in which information about CORONVIRUS COVID-19 was made public; ii)between the 1st of Jannuary 2019 and 31st December 2019; and iii) between the 31st ofDecember 2019 and the 14th of April 2020. We conducted experiments using naturallanguage on open source intelligence data offered generously by brica.de, a providerspecialized in Business Risk Intelligence & Cyberthreat Awareness.
Prudent macroeconomic management is important for poverty reduction and sustainable development in Nigeria. Over the past 30 years, Nigeria has experienced macroeconomic instability, financial distress, political uncertainty, high unemployment, insecurity, poverty, and natural resource mismanagement. Sound macroeconomic policies that promote economic growth through efficient allocation of resources can help reduce poverty and enable sustainable development. However, Nigeria's high levels of corruption and poor macroeconomic management have undermined growth and development goals. Prudent management of resources is needed to achieve more equitable distribution of wealth and opportunities for poverty reduction.
Social Protection, Financial Depth, Soundness and Inclusive Growth in Nigeria AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This paper examines the effect of social protection on inclusive growth in Nigeria, focusing also
on the role of financial depth and soundness on inclusive growth using a time series data from 1981 to 2019.
The System Generalized Method of Moments (SYSTEM – GMM) estimator was used in estimating the model.
It was found that social protection had a positive and significant effect on inclusive growth. We also found a
positive and significant effect of the size of financial intermediaries in the financial system on inclusive growth,
but the effectiveness of social protection in enhancing inclusive growth was not dependent on the size of
financial intermediaries in the financial system. A negative and insignificant effect of bank credit to the private
sector to GDP on inclusive growth was also found, nevertheless, the credit to the private sector channel has the
wherewithal to complement social protection to raise the inclusive growth. The liquidity ratio had a positive and
significant effect on inclusive growth and complements the effectiveness of social protection in raising the
inclusive growth rate. The study recommends expansion of the government social safety net measures to
accommodate more beneficiaries especially the small entrepreneurs and the poor unemployed. In this way,
growth will be distributive to enhance inclusiveness. Also, the government social safety net policies cannot
work effectively in isolation with a sound financial system. Therefore, measures should be in place to ensure a
sound and sustainable financial system in the economy
This document discusses social protection, financial depth and soundness, and inclusive growth in Nigeria. It was found that social protection had a positive and significant effect on inclusive growth. The size of financial intermediaries also had a positive effect, but social protection's impact was not dependent on financial intermediary size. Bank credit to the private sector did not significantly impact inclusive growth. The liquidity ratio had a positive effect and complemented social protection's impact. The study recommends expanding social protection and ensuring a sound financial system to effectively promote inclusive growth.
This document provides background information on a study examining the impact of curfew hours on riots in Barangay 105 Zone 8, District 1, Tondo Manila. It discusses the problem statement, hypotheses, theoretical framework, and significance of the study. The study aims to understand perceptions of police, residents, and barangay officers on how curfew impacts riots. It also seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of curfew in reducing riots and maintaining order. The document outlines the scope, limitations, and expected importance of the research for the community, professors, police, students, and criminologists.
Similar to Performance-Based Assessment of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team During Covid-19 Pandemic in Ozamiz City (20)
In the early twentieth century, major representatives of the Jadid movement became active participants in the socio-political processes in the Turkestan region. Usmonkhoja Polatkhoja, a progressive from Bukhara, was one of the beams not only in the Emirate of Bukhara, but also in Turkestan. He first participated in the reforms and progressives, and later in the national liberation movements, and fought for the prosperity and independence of the country.This article provides information about Usmonkhoja's life and work in Jadidism, revolts, national liberation struggles, and emmigiration.
Flood is one of the natural disaster known to be part of the earth biophysical processes, which its occurrence can be devastating; due to mostly anthropogenic activities and climatological factors. The aim of the research is to identify and map the extent at which the impact of flood due to intense rainfall and rise in water in the study area using geospatial techniques and the specific objectives are to carry out terrain analysis of the study area and to generate flood indicator maps of the study area. The study analyzed rain fall data;, the drainage system and Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM 30m) of the area. ArcGIS 10.8 was to modelled and to generate the contributing factors map of the study area. The drainage system was generated through on-screen digitization of topographic map of scale 1:50,000 of Ondo South-West. The mean annual rainfall of Lagos State was generated in the ArcGIS environment from the rainfall data through spatial analysis tool. The SRTM was used in terrain analysis of the study area. The results generated showed the lowest mean annual rain fall of the area 1,700mm and the highest mean annual rain fall was 2,440mm. Digital elevation model (DEM), slope, flow direction were generated from the SRTM. Drainage density of the area was generated using the drainage system. The slope map of the entire area which are classified into five slope classes of very high (14%-48.5%) to high (7.6%-13.9%) to moderately high (4.2%-7.6%) to low (1.5%-4.2%) and very low (0. % - 1.2%).
Work study is a catch-all phrase encompassing a variety of methodologies, including method research and work measurement, that are applied in a variety of contexts and lead to a systematic assessment of all elements that affect the efficiency and economy of the situation under evaluation that is meant to be improved. The main aim of this study is to examine and enhance the process token in manufacturing a Perfume of the famous, well-known, aromatic, and beautiful Taif Roses. Some changes in the process has been suggested using method study and time study method which lead to reduction in process time, labor cost and production cost.
Workers are the maximum precious method of an association. Their importance to institutions requires not most effective the want to draw the trendy bents but additionally the need to preserve them for a long term. This paper specializes in reviewing the findings of former research carried out with the aid of colourful experimenters with the quit to identify determinants factors of hand retention. This exploration almost looked at the subsequent broad factors improvement openings, reimbursement, work- lifestyles balance, operation/ management, work terrain, social aid, autonomy, training and improvement.
Watering plants during the correct time is very important due to scientific reasons. Both underwatering, as well as overwatering, can lead to the growth of unhealthy plants or in extreme cases, the death of the plant/tree. These issues which are the case with most self-gardeners and plant lovers can be solved using the smart irrigation technique. The main purpose of this innovation is to assist plant lovers to continue their passion to grow plants at home with ease. Smart irrigation system helps in monitoring the moisture level which majorly affects plant growth besides other factors such as sunlight, fertility of the soil, etc. The digital planting pot has been designed in a way that it effectively incorporates the idea of smart irrigation. Arduino Uno R3 has been used as the main chip in this project along with a few other components like a soil moisture sensor, relay, and water pump. This project requires coding to synchronize all the components, and function properly. A required test has been carried out to review the functioning of the mechanism. The project was tested by once using the soil with enough moisture in the pot and then the soil with the least moisture. Both times, it worked exactly how it was supposed to function. When the soil with the least moisture was tested, there was a clear indication of a low level of moisture and accordingly, the water pump got triggered to water the plant, and when the soil with enough moisture was tested, there was again the clear indication of the correct level of moisture and the water pump was inactive. All the readings which were displayed on the LCD were checked back and forth during the project. The outcomes were the same as expected. Hence, it shows that every component in this project is actively functioning and the whole project is effectively designed.
Because of its accessibility and flexibility, cloud technology is among the most notable innovations in today's world. Having many service platforms, such as GoogleApps by Google, Amazon, Apple, and so on, is well accepted by large enterprises. Distributed cloud computing is a concept for enabling every-time, convenient, on-demand network access to processing resources including servers, storage devices, networks, and services that may be mutually configured. The major security risks for cloud computing as identified by the Cloud security alliance (CSA) have been examined in this study. Also, methods for resolving issues with cloud computing technology's data security and privacy protection were systematically examined.
This study's goal is to present Solutions for Determining the importance level of criteria in creating cultural resources’ attractiveness from tourists’ evaluation. Data were collected from 558 international tourists who chose Vietnam as the destination for tourism.
The study points out that we need to resolve challenges such as: building a safe, friendly destination, etc., destinations need to review and re-evaluate the services of their products and tourist attractions to prepare for the largest number of visitors and stimulate the domestic tourism market is a good solution: To boost the domestic tourism market, it is necessary to increase domestic flights and train connections to major tourist destinations.
A new convenient and efficient route for the synthesis of two very important hydroxo-bridged stepped-cubane copper complexes viz: [Cu4(bpy)4Cl2(OH)4]Cl2.6H2O (1) and [Cu4(phen)4Cl2(OH)4]Cl2.6H2O (2) have been obtained. This synthetic route from the mononuclear CubpyCl2 complex is easier, more reproducible and afforded the complex in a much higher yield than the other two previously reported procedures which were equally serendipitously discovered. The purity and formation of the complexes were confirmed with elemental (C,H,N) analysis and the details of the UV-Vis, Fourier transform infrared, electrospray ionization mass spectra of both complexes and the single crystal X-ray crystallography of 1 are presented and discussed. X-ray crystallography confirms the absolute structure of the complexes. The complexes were formed via the connection of four copper atoms to four hydroxide bridging ligands and four bipyridyl ligands with two chloride ligands. There are two coordinate environments around two pairs of copper atoms (CuN2ClO2 and CuN2O3) and each copper atom is pentacoordinate with square pyramidal geometry.
Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., which is commonly known as jackfruit is a tropical fruit, belonging to Moraceae family, native to Western Ghats of India and common in Asia, Africa, and some regions in South America. It is known to be the largest edible fruit in the world. The Jackfruit is an extremely versatile and sweet tasting fruit that possess high nutritional value. Jackfruit is rich in nutrients including carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals. The jackfruit has diverse medicinal uses especially antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral properties, anticancer and antifungal activity, anthelminthic activity. Traditionally, this plant is used in the treatment of various diseases especially for treatment against inflammation, malarial fever, diarrhoea, diabetes and tapeworm infection. Jackfruit is a good natural source of phytochemicals such as phenolics, flavonoids and tannins, saponins. The health benefits of jackfruit have been attributed to its wide range of physicochemical applications. The use of jackfruit bulbs and its parts has also been reported since ancient times for their therapeutic qualities. The beneficial physiological effects may also have preventive application in a variety of pathologies.
Myogenic differentiation requires to be exactly explored for the effective treatment of fracture. The speed of healing is affected by skeletal muscle, linked to activation of specific myogenic transcription factors during the repair process. In previous study, we discovered that psoralen enhanced differentiation of osteoblast in primary mouse. In the current study, we show that psoralen stimulates myogenic differentiation through the secretion of factors to hone the quality of repair in fractured mice. 3-month old mice were treated with corn oil or psoralen followed by a tibial fracture surgery. Fractures were tested 7, 14, and 21 days respectively later by histology and images observation. Skeletal muscles including soleus muscle and posterior tibial muscle around the damaged bone were collected for quantitative real-time PCR, HE staining, as well as western blot. Daily treatment with psoralen at seven, fourteen days or twenty-one days improves protein or mRNA levels responsible for the whole myogenic differentiation process, makes the muscle fibers more tightly aligned, and promotes callus formation and development. This data shows that high levels of myogenic transcription factors in the process of fracture healing in mice foster the repair of damaged muscles, and indicates a pharmacological approach that targets myogenic differentiation to improve fracture repair. This also reflects the academic thought of "paying equal attention to both muscles and bones" in the prevention and treatment of fracture healing.
The current pandemic has generated the search for new reliable and economic alternatives for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, which produces the COVID-19 disease, one of the recommendations by the World Health Organization, is the detection of the virus by RT-qPCR methods from upper respiratory tract samples. The discomfort of the pharyngeal nasopharyngeal swab described by patients, the requirement of trained personnel, and the generation of aerosols, are factors that increase the risk of infections in this type of intake. It is known that the main means of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is through aerosols or small droplets, which is why saliva is important as a relevant means of detecting COVID-19. In this study, a modified method based on SARS-CoV-2 RNA release from saliva is described, avoiding the isolation and purification of the genetic material and its quantification of viral copies; the results are compared with paired pharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swab samples (EF/EN). Results showed good agreement in saliva samples compared to EF/EN samples. On average, a sensitivity for virus detection of 80% was demonstrated in saliva samples competing with EF/EN samples. The use of saliva is a reliable alternative for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 by means of RT-PCR in the first days of infection, having important advantages over the conventional method. Saliva still needs to be studied completely to evaluate the detection capacity of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, however, the described process is viable, due to the decrease in materials and supplies, process times, the increment in the sampling and improvement of laboratory performance.
A recent study establishes that since 1970, there has been an ecological gap between human needs and the planet's resources, with annual resource demand exceeding the bio-productivity of the planet. Specifically, humanity utilises equivalent of 1.75 earths to produce the ecological resources used, with half of this attributable to food consumption. The present work therefore seeks to provide an empirically-based insight into the environmental sustainability of the EF of food consumption in Ijebu Ode. A descriptive cross-sectional approach was used, and primary data were collected from 400 systemically sampled households via structured questionnaires and analysed descriptively using Microsoft Excel and inferentially using mathematical models for calculating ecological footprints. Findings revealed that the household EF of food consumption in Ijebu Ode is 0.05gha per capita, with the footprint of cereal consumption (0.17gha; 37%) taking the major share, followed by meat with a footprint of 0.11gha (23.9%). As a result, it was concluded that Ijebu Ode has sustainable food consumption, which is necessary for its environmental sustainability. However, the sustenance of the former requires creating awareness of the need for sustainable consumption and prioritisation of integrated and population-wide policies and food intervention initiatives to encourage attitudinal change in favour of sustainable food consumption while fostering sustainable food production strategies amidst current environmental realities.
The symmetry occurs in most of the phenomena explained by physics, for example, a particle has positive or negative charges, and the electric dipoles that have the charge (+q) and (-q) which are at a certain distance (d), north or south magnetic poles and for a magnetic bar or magnetic compass with two poles: North (N) and South (S) poles, spins up or down of the electron at the atom and for the nucleons in the nucleus In this form, the particle should also have mass symmetry. For convenience and due to later explanations, I call this mass symmetry or mass duality as follows: mass and mass cloud. The mass cloud is located in the respective orbitals given by the Schrödinger equation. The orbitals represent the possible locations or places of the particle which are determined probabilistically by the respective Schröndiger equation.
Metal-organic molybdenum complexes were synthesized by the hydrothermal method using ammonium heptamolybdate as the metallic source, and as the organic ligand terephthalic acid (BDC) or bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET), obtained via glycolysis of poly(ethylene)terephthalate (PET). The BDC-Mo and BHET-Mo complexes were characterized by XRD, N2 physisorption, TGA, ATR-FTIR, SEM, XPS and their in vitro biocompatibility was tested by porcine fibroblasts viability. The results show that molybdates (MoO4-2) are coordinated to the carbonyl functional groups of BDC and BHET by urea bonding (-NH-CO-NH-) which is related to their high biocompatibility and high thermal stability. These organic molybdate complexes possess rectangular prism particles made up of rods arrays characteristics of molybdenum oxides (MoO3). The organic complexes BDC-Mo and BHET-Mo do not show to be cytotoxic for porcine dermal fibroblasts growing on their surface for up to 48 h of culture.
Exercise training with varying intensity increases maximal oxygen intake (VO2max), a strong predictor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Purpose: The aim of this study was to find out the influence of low intensity aerobic training on the vo2 max in 11 to 14 years school girls in Hyderabad district. Methodology: The research scholar has randomly selected thirty (N=30) high school girls were selected as subjects and their age ranged between 11 to 14 years. The subjects were divided into two equal groups, each group consist of 15 total 30. Group one acted as experimental group (EG) and group two acted as control group (CG). The dependent variable vo2 max was selected and it is measured by manual test. Statistical Tool: The statistical tool paired sample ‘t’ test was used for analysing of the data and the obtained ‘t’ ratio was tested for significance at 0.05 level of confidence. Results: The analysis of the data revealed that there was a significant improvement on vo2 max by the application of low intensity aerobic.
Hybrid rice has the potential to outperform existing inbred rice and was said to have the potential to produce 14-20 % more yield. In response, Malaysia Government has introduced its very own first Hybrid Rice Variety knew as Kadaria 1 developed by MARDI. This is in line with one of the strategies outlined in Dasar Agromakanan Negara (DAN) 2011-2020 as an approach to increasing rice productivity within Malaysia. The next step would be developing our hybrid seed rice production system. Therefore, an experiment to determine the planting ratio and planting distance between 0025A (A)-a hybrid with MR283 (R)-inbreed variety was carried out. Planting ratios studied in this study were 2:4, 2:6, 2:8, and 2:10 while planting distance was 14 x 30 cm, 16 x 30 cm, and 18 x 30 cm. Statistical analyses suggested that yield R, yield A, and panicle number A were significantly affected by planting ratios while yield A was significantly affected by an interaction between planting distance and planting ratios. Panicle number A performed significantly higher at planting ratios of 2:4 compared to 2:10. Yield R shows higher significant performance under ratio 2:6 compared to 2:4 and 2:8. Relatively, yield A performed the best under planting distance of 18 x 30 cm. Furthermore, under this particular planting distance, the planting ratio of 2:10 shows the highest significant figure while 2:8 exhibits statistical parity. Both yield R and yield A were significantly affected by planting ratios and have a significant positive association with each other. Therefore, the planting ratio of 2:10 should be the best since it contributed to significantly highest value for yield A while yield R under 2:10 shows statistical parity with 2:6 which was the highest significant value. In conclusion, the combination of 2:10 with a planting distance of 18 x 30 cm was the best since it shows best potential for both yields A and yield R
This document summarizes a study on cassava production systems in the Tivaouane department of Senegal. Key findings include:
- Cassava is an important crop for food security but production in Senegal remains low compared to other African countries.
- The study examined farming practices through surveys of 85 producers in 8 communes across two agro-ecological zones.
- Analysis showed cassava is only grown during rainy season with traditional cultivation methods. Four of five recommended varieties were grown, with different varieties preferred in each zone.
Cassava plays an important role in improving food security and reducing poverty in rural areas. Despite its importance, its production in Senegal remains low compared to other African countries. Nowadays, it is confronted with numerous constraints. It is in this context that a study was conducted on the cassava production system in the Thiès "cassava granary" region, with the objective of examining farmers' cultivation practices. It was conducted in eight communes located in the department of Tivaouane, some of which are located in the Niayes agro-ecological zone and others in the central-northern groundnut basin. Surveys were conducted among the largest cassava producers in these communes. Analysis of the results showed that cassava is only grown in the rainy season with the same cultivation practices that have been used for years. Of the five varieties listed by the President of the Senegalese Cassava Interprofession, only four are grown in the areas surveyed. The Terrasse (43%) and Kombo (36%) varieties are grown more by our respondents in the Niayes area. Soya (75%) and Wallet "Parydiey" (20% of our sample) dominate in the central-northern groundnut basin.
We are witnessing very demanding and stressful times in which we live, and an occupation that is particularly exposed to stress and different working conditions is the job of a nurse. Exposing themselves to everyday challenges and stressful situations, nurses reach a stage of great emotional and physical exhaustion, lethargy, dissatisfaction, and poorer work achievements, which we know as burnout. The aim of this paper was to determine whether there is and to what extent professional burnout is present in nurses and technicians working in nursing homes across Slovenia and Croatia. The paper is answering the questions of the extent of the burnout influenced by individual characteristics (age, education, years of service and work experience at the current workplace). The study involved a validated questionnaire “The Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI)” to measure professional burnout. Surveying of the nurses was conducted online at their home institutions. The results show that all respondents have a medium or high level of professional burnout, while no one has a low level or shows no signs of burnout. In terms of age, the group from 55-65 years of age had the highest relative level of burnout in the age group category. With regard to education, the highest burnout was measured in registered nurses.
This document discusses hepatitis and its transmission through needlestick injuries. It covers the different types of hepatitis viruses, their epidemiology, risk factors, and transmission. Healthcare workers are at high risk of contracting hepatitis B and C through needlestick injuries involving contaminated needles and sharps. Dental professionals face increased risk due to exposure to blood and saliva. The document recommends vaccination, safe handling of needles and sharps, and post-exposure prophylaxis to prevent transmission of hepatitis viruses occupationally.
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ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
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visibility is not practicable in all scenarios, failing to achieve its goals of reducing criminality (Moore, 2018).
Further, The Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team was established as the primary operators to operate a
Community-Oriented Placing and Public Safety System under the jurisdiction of the National Peace and Order
Councils and the Philippine National Police.
The Philippines, as history indicates, had its own distinct approach to community policing (Brogden, & Nijhar,
2019). While we have adopted many community policing methods in the past, such as Japan's Koban and the
Singapore Police Force, we now have to rely on our own native policing system, bayanihan, which is based on
community partnership (PNP, 2019). Bayanihan addresses the need for the entire community to participate in
police and law enforcement (Cruz, 2021). The community expects the police to "serve and protect," and the police,
in turn, rely on community support and collaboration to succeed (Aguirre, 2021). It has used a variety of
anti-criminality techniques and concepts in the past to combat crime and maintain peace and order (Vicente et al.,
2020). The majority of the suggestions, however, were found to be unsustainable because they were just altered
versions of crime prevention concepts from other nations and were not appropriate for the Philippines' current
criminality problem (Lim et al., 2020).
In December 2019, the authorities in China reported an outbreak of pneumonia of an unknown origin in Wuhan,
Hubei Province, resulted in global pandemic that affected almost 221 countries and territories (Shangguan, Wang,
& Sun, 2020). Corona virus also known as COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered
coronavirus (World Health Organization, 2020). The most common symptoms of this viral infection are fever, cold,
cough, bone pain and breathing problems, and ultimately leading to pneumonia (Haleem, Javaid, & Vaishya,2020).
This infectious disease (COVID-19) not only affects people’s lives but also socially and economically (Milani,
2021).
As COVID-19 spread a lot in the community, nowadays and become one of the major problems in the Philippines
(Nicomedes, & Avila, 2020). With the daily increasing of COVID-19 cases in the Philippines, President Rodrigo
Roa Duterte implemented a protocol; the wearing of face mask, face shield and observance of physical distancing
to minimize in contact with the disease (Cruz, 2021). According to the World Bank the COVID-19 pandemic is
estimated to push an additional 88 million to 115 million people into extreme poverty this year, with the total rising
to as many as 150 million by 2021 (Eyre et al., 2021). People with immense stress and anxiety as they suffer from
poverty and fear of the infectious disease, might lead them to commit a crime as they can no longer handle the
negative psychological effect given with the environment they were living (Ganesan et al., 2021). Given that it
might lead them to commit a crime, the security of the land must be tightened to maintain the peace and order of the
society (GAMURARI, & GUŞANU, 2020).
Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) is also not exempted from the risk of the COVID-19 as they are also
being exposed to public areas of some parts of the Philippines (Cruz, Frontuna, & Tus, 2021). As the Barangay
Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) is also one of the front liners, a lot of violators were taking advantage of the
pandemic situationin which cause an additional problem to the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (Orenze,
Coballes, & Ferrer, 2021). Peacekeeping is the important function of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team in
their respective barangay, BPAT visibility is the one main focus of this peacekeeping activity (Saligan et al., 2018).
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But regardless of the sense of duty of all Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team to manage and perform their
functions well, there is still some times that they can’t cover all the situations that really need their response
(Saligan et al. 2018). In line with the peacekeeping concept responsive to the unique peace and order condition in
the Philippines, it’s still needs to be crafted in order to develop a secure environment for the community (Rzhevska,
& Moroz, 2021). Thus, this study was conducted to determine the level of performance of the Barangay
Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) in regards of their skills in patrolling, identifying violation in the community,
basic self-defense skills and crowd control. This will determine their capabilities in performing their duty when
there might be another crisis outbreak in the community. The findings may provide additional information to the
PNP and may give insights to the institution for the improvement of the performance of the Barangay Peacekeeping
Action Team (BPAT) at the barangay level.
2. Methods and Materials
The study utilized descriptive-correlational design. It is a research design used to discover relationships among
variables and predict events from present knowledge (Stangor, & Walinga, 2019). The descriptive type of research
is designed to investigate a certain topic to gather information about the existing condition or situation. This method
is the most appropriate to ascertain the profile of the respondents in each of the variables to be considered in this
study. According to Aquino (1992), the purpose of the descriptive method is to systematically, factually, and
accurately describe a situation or area of interest.
A descriptive study aims to give a glimpse of the existing situation. Correlational research aims to uncover
correlations between variables and anticipate future events based on current information. (Stangor & Walinga,
2014). Correlational designs systematically investigate the nature of relationships or associations between and
among variables rather than direct cause-effect relationships. Correlational designs are typically cross-sectional.
However, this is simply because two associated events do not automatically indicate that one triggers the other.
This design is appropriate for exploring the performance of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT)
during COVID19 pandemic.
The study conducted in different barangays in the City of Ozamiz. Ozamiz City is the 3rd
class component city in
the province of Misamis Occidental. The city was subdivided into 51 barangays, specifically Barangay Maningcol
with a population 5,864 inhabitants and has a total land area of 188,412. Barangay Gango with a population of
6,669 inhabitants and has a total land area of 169, 543. The researchers choose Barangay Gango and Maningcol as
its setting because the BPAT officers of the said place were active in performing their duty during the pandemic and
it is a near place wherein the community can be easily approached.
The respondents of this study were residents from the selected Barangay’s namely: Gango and Maningcol. These
barangays were purposively selected to be assessed in regards to the implementation of all the mandatory
regulations during Covid-19 pandemic. In determining the number of respondents, the Cochran’s formula was used
the sample size was selected through random sampling. So, based on the initial identification of the respondents
they consist of one hundred (100) in two barangays. Fifty respondents each barangay was chosen to ensure a
controlled population.
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A Performance Base Assessment questionnaire adopted from Koops (2001) was used to gather all the need data in
the study for data analysis. The survey questionnaire was composed of two divisions. The first part was designed to
look into the Profile of the respondents. The s second part determined the responses of the respondents on the
performance of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) in relation to their skills. It contents statement
with regards to the skills in patrolling, identifying violation in the community, basic self-defense skills and crowd
control skills.
The weighted mean was further interpreted using a modified 5-point scale of the two groups of respondents on
assessing the performance of the BPAT’s in relation to the implementations of their skills.
Numerical Value Mean Range Descriptive Value Interpretation
5 4.24 – 5.00 Always Implemented Excellent
4 3.43 – 4.23 Often Implemented Very Satisfactory
3 2.62 – 3.42 Moderate Implemented Satisfactory
2 1.81 – 2.61 Rarely Implemented Fair
1 1.00 – 1.80 Not Implemented Poor
The researcher has also used the Chi-square in treating data on the significant difference on the performance of the
BPAT members as their skills in patrolling, identifying violations in the community, self-defense skills and crowd
control skills during duty as perceived by the community when they are grouped according to their profile.
The data collection was done seriously with precaution to the minimum health standard protocol in order to obtain
the reliable information from the identified respondents who were residents of the identified barangays in the City
of Ozamiz. Before the researchers conduct the survey with the identified respondents the researchers asked
permission first, from the Dean of the College of Criminology of the university allowing the researchers to pursue
the study and to conduct the survey. Once the approval from the dean is obtained, the researchers asked permission
from the three different Barangay Captains of Maningcol and Gango in allowing the researchers to conduct the
survey with appropriate questionnaires within the two barangays. The researchers informed the respondents that all
their responses in the survey and the questionnaires are kept with utmost confidentiality.
Before the study is conducted, approval from the appropriate authorities was obtained prior to the study's execution.
Before receiving their full agreement as volunteers, the respondents were given a thorough explanation of the
study's purpose. It was also stated that this study would do no harm to the respondents and that they could withdraw
at any time if they felt threatened. Furthermore, it was ensured that people's privacy and confidentiality were
protected, such as keeping the names of those engaged private and not revealing them to the public. The research
subjects' dignity was a major priority.
To enable the researchers to present the data in accordance with the objectives set in this study, both descriptive and
inferential statistics were used.
The following statistical tools are used in the study:
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Mean and standard deviation were used to assess the performance of Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team during
COVID-19 pandemic. Chi-square in treating data on the significant difference on the performance of the BPAT
members as their skills in patrolling, identifying violations in the community, self-defense skills and crowd control
skills during duty as perceived by the community when they are grouped according to their profile.
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Profile of the Study
Table 1 shows the frequency distribution of the respondents as to their profiles. Majority of the respondents age
ranged from 20-30 years old and 41-50 years. Some of the respondents belong to the rest of the brackets. Almost 61
percent of the respondents were female while the remaining 39 percent were male respondents. In regards to their
place of residence both have the same total number of 50 respondents.
Table 1. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondent’s Profile
Profile Frequency Percentage
Age
20-30 years old
31-40 years old
41-50 years old
51-60 years old
61-70 years old
71-80 years old
27
18
27
18
7
3
27.00
18.00
27.00
18.00
7.00
3.00
Sex
Male
Female
39
61
39.00
61.00
Place of Residence
Gango
Maningcol
50
50
50.00
50.00
Total 100 100.00
3.2. Performance of the BPAT members as to their Skills in Patrolling
Table 2 presents the data on the performance of BPAT officers as to their skills in patrolling. The findings shows
that the BPAT officers’ skills in patrolling has the highest mean of 4.10 in assisting the Barangay Officials in
conducting patrol during COVID-19. On the other hand, BPAT officers get the lowest mean of 3.70 when using
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their weapon/equipment in times of patrol/ronda during COVID-19. Despite this, they are making improvements in
their work to overcome their weakness and demonstrate to the community that they can still achieve their
objectives despite the risks of being infected with the COVID-19 disease.
With an overall weighted mean of 3.96 with verbal description of often implemented. This supports that the
Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team can be reliable on the level of Law Enforcement. Thus, they are serious with
regards to their duty as depicted from the other weighted mean. Like they conduct patrol day and night or even
during natural disasters. Monitors the presence of suspicious persons, criminals, and other lawless elements within
the barangay in daytime and night time during COVID-19. And implements teamwork in patrolling/ronda in
preventing or otherwise minimizing the commission of crime in the barangay. In terms of the sphere of practice,
residents collaborate on social issues of common concern. Most of the time, the goal is to reform policies related to
local issues, such as public safety (Speers, 2019).
The result implies that the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team and the barangay officials are working together as
members of society. This further signifies that both parties are in sync when it comes to the safety of the
community.
Table 2. Skills in Patrolling
Statement Mean Interpretation
1. BPAT conducts patrol/ronda at day time during COVID-19. 3.90 Very Satisfactory
2. BPAT conducts patrol/ronda at night time during
COVID-19.
4.09 Very Satisfactory
3. BPAT uses their weapon/equipment in times of
patrol/ronda during COVID-19.
3.70 Very Satisfactory
4. BPAT conduct mobile patrol day and night time during
COVID-19.
4.05 Very Satisfactory
5. BPAT was assist by the Brgy. Officials in conducting patrol
during COVID-19.
4.10 Very Satisfactory
6. BPAT conducts patrolling/ronda even during natural
disasters (calamity and typhoon).
4.01 Very Satisfactory
7. BPAT implements teamwork in patrolling/ronda in
preventing or otherwise minimizing the commission of crime
in the barangay during COVID-19.
3.96 Very Satisfactory
8. BPAT monitors abandoned buildings that may be used for
clandestine activities during COVID-19.
3.75 Very Satisfactory
9. BPAT was organized and mobilized in various sectors of 3.99 Very Satisfactory
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the community in support of the maintenance of peace, order
and safety during COVID-19.
10. BPAT monitors the presence of suspicious persons,
criminals, and other lawless elements within the barangay in
daytime and night time during COVID-19.
4.01 Very Satisfactory
Weighted Mean 3.96 Very Satisfactory
Note. Performance Scale: Always Implemented (4.24 – 5.00 ); Often Implemented ( 3.43 – 4.23 ); Moderately
Implemented ( 2.62 – 3.42 ); Rarely Implemented ( 1.81 – 2.61 ); Not Implemented ( 1.00 – 1.80)
3.3. Performance of the BPAT members in Identifying Violations in the Community
Table 3 shows the data on the performance of BPAT officers in identifying violations in the community. BPAT
officers showed a highest mean of 4.14 in conducting patrol/ronda in curfew hours during COVID-19. The result
indicates that BPAT officers patrolling or having their ronda around the community made the community feels safe
and are visible to the community’s eyes. Law violators are blocked to their opportunities to commit crime during
the pandemic as BPAT officers are patrolling during curfew hours. On the other hand, BPAT officers got the
lowest mean of 3.93 on to their observation skills in which the very important skills of being a BPAT officers. This
result needs some improvements and seminar to enhance their observation skills as they are also one of the
frontliners amidst the pandemic.
Table 3. Identifying Violations in the Community
Statement Mean Interpretation
1. BPAT received and record emergency calls during COVID-19. 4.03 Very Satisfactory
2. BPAT conducting surveillance on crime breeding areas within the
barangay/purok and report their observations/findings to the proper
authorities or through Hotline “117” during COVID-19.
4.02 Very Satisfactory
3. BPAT observe and taking note of the time of arrival, weather
condition, surroundings, persons present, persons arriving and leaving
the scene during COVID-19.
3.93 Very Satisfactory
4. BPAT conducts patrols/ronda in curfew hours during COVID-19. 4.14 Very Satisfactory
5. BPAT monitors the activities of suspicious persons and other lawless
elements within the barangay during daytime and night time.
4.01
Very Satisfactory
Weighted Mean 4.03 Very Satisfactory
Note. Performance Scale: Always Implemented ( 4.24 – 5.00 ); Often Implemented ( 3.43 – 4.23 ); Moderately
Implemented ( 2.62 – 3.42 ); Rarely Implemented ( 1.81 – 2.61 ); Not Implemented ( 1.00 – 1.80)
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With an overall mean of 3.96 which their duties are often implemented. Although Barangay Peacekeeping Action
Team oversees the peacekeeping operation first hand before the police personnel will arrive and considering the
workload they have during pandemic plus the number of dangers they can get as frontliners and the fear of putting
their family at stake, they only can get honorarium from their respective barangay for 4,000 pesos at least every
month.
In this pandemic, they face various novel challenges that increase their stress when they engage in a potentially
dangerous situation, putting additional strain on their health, emotions, and other factors. They are under pressure
to adhere to the various health procedures required, and they must guarantee that the public is safe and
well-ordered. Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team maintain emotional and mental stability to show the public a
strong citizen in the country in the face of adversity (Bayan, 2019).
The result implies that the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team has showed a low level of performance in regards
to their observation skills. This further signifies that there’s a need for the BPAT to be trained in regards to their
observation skills since this is one of the most important skills that they should have as a part of the law
enforcement officers.
3.4. Performance of the BPAT officers as to their Basic Self-Defense Skills
Table 4 shows the data on the performance of BPAT officers as to their basic self-defense skills. Barangay
Peacekeeping Action Team able to apply their basic self-defense skills and only apply they have been with a mean
of 3.78. With their basic self-defense skills, it can be seen that BPAT officers are reliable when it comes to
threatening situation, they can secure the community and their own safety. Despite being exposed to a variety of
dangerous scenarios throughout the pandemic, they were able to manage their fears and compose themselves in
challenging situations. The data revealed that Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team can execute basic self -defense
and other alternative skills that are needed during difficult time. They never lost their self-assurance and were able
to control their emotions. When things aren't going well, they're more inclined to see the problem as transitory
rather than permanent, and to concentrate on the components of the situation that can be addressed in difficult
conditions. They can modify their mind to calm down when they are stressed. Managed stress by planning ahead,
dealing with problems immediately, setting priorities, maintaining strong relationships, and confronting situations
honestly Yang & Coids (2021).
Since the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team have a significant role in containing the spread of COVID-19,
efficient management of the pandemic's demands is critical to protecting police officers' ability to operate,
well-being, and health. Given that their skills have negatively impacts performance (Nieuwenhuys & Oudejans,
2017) Thus, training and awareness programs will be held to help both old and new BPAT develop the skills they
need to carry out their obligations within the organization. Workshops, scenario-based rule plays, briefings, and
focus groups are examples of these programs and training. The idea is to get people to assume personal
responsibility for their own safety and to prepare them to make decisions that procedures can't always predict
(CPNI, 2017). The result implies that the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team that their basic self-defense skills
are applied when it comes to threatening situation at the same time they need more training so that it will improve
their basic self-defense skills more.
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Table 4. Basic Self-Defense Skills
Statement Mean Interpretation
1. During threatening situations in pandemic, they able to
apply their basic self-defense skills.
3.78
Very Satisfactory
2. During threatening situations in pandemic, their execution
of basic self-defense skills is different than during their
training.
3.72
Very Satisfactory
3. During threatening situations in pandemic, they also apply
alternative skills than just the taught basic self-defense skills.
3.74
Very Satisfactory
4. During threatening situations in pandemic, they only apply
the taught basic self-defense skills.
3.78
Very Satisfactory
5. During threatening situations in pandemic, they are able to
perform effectively without applying the taught basic
self-defense skills.
3.76
Very Satisfactory
Weighted Mean 3.76 Very Satisfactory
Note. Performance Scale: Always Implemented ( 4.24 – 5.00 );Often Implemented ( 3.43 – 4.23 );Moderately
Implemented ( 2.62 – 3.42 );Rarely Implemented ( 1.81 – 2.61 );Not Implemented ( 1.00 – 1.80)
3.5. Performance of the BPAT officers as to their Crowd Control Skills
Table 5 presents the data on the performance of BPAT officers as to their crowd control skills. The result shows the
highest mean of 4.12 on BPAT officers assisting the Barangay Officials in controlling the crowd when there are
barangay activities during the pandemic. As the community was still in the state of pandemic, BPAT officers are
very needed to the Barangay Officials with assisting them in giving relief goods and “ayuda” to the community.
The data also reveal that BPAT officers has the lowest mean of 3.99 in assisting the PNP in responding to
riot/rumble taken to their barangay during pandemic commotions. Due to their limited man power and various
workload they have during pandemic, they immediately call for police assistant and leave the rest of the
responsibility to the police personnel to do the other duties in their area of jurisdiction.
Many agencies confront additional challenges because they must employ a diverse workforce. (East, 2018). Given
that Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team frequently in conflict situations, where they are under pressure from
others, where they are criticized, judged, and subjected to numerous requests.
Despite this, they manage to overcome it and demonstrate to the public that they can still achieve their objectives
despite their overburdened workloads and responsibilities. The result implies that the Barangay Peacekeeping
Action Team are reliable especially in assisting the Barangay Officials when there is an event, or on giving relief
goods or “ayuda”, as well as managing the people via crowd control.
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Table 5. Crowd Control Skills
Statement Mean Interpretation
1. BPAT assists Brgy. Officials in controlling the crowd
during barangay activities (e.g. giving of relief goods and etc.)
4.12
Very Satisfactory
2. BPAT assists persons with disability, elderly and the sick in
times of barangay activities during pandemic (e.g. giving of
free check-up/medicine)
4.07
Very Satisfactory
3. BPAT assists the Brgy. Officials from crowd control and
keep the people calm in order to avoid panicked during natural
disasters
4.01
Very Satisfactory
4. BPAT assists the PNP in responding to riot/rumble taken to
their barangay during pandemic commotions
3.99
Very Satisfactory
5. BPAT assists in facilitating smooth flow of traffic and
performs other functions like assisting events in enforcing the
minimum health protocol
4.05
Very Satisfactory
Weighted Mean 4.05 Very Satisfactory
Note. Performance Scale: Always Implemented ( 4.24 – 5.00 );Often Implemented ( 3.43 – 4.23 );Moderately
Implemented ( 2.62 – 3.42 );Rarely Implemented ( 1.81 – 2.61 );Not Implemented ( 1.00 – 1.80)
3.6. Significant difference in the performance of the BPAT officers as to their Skills as perceived by the
community when they are grouped according to their profile
Table 6 presents the significant difference in the performance of the BPAT officers as to their skills in patrolling,
identifying violations in the community, basic self-defense skills, and crowd control skills during duty as perceived
by the community when they are grouped according to their profile. The table below indicates that there is no
significant difference of the community evaluating the performance of the BPAT as to their age. However, sex and
place of affiliation have significant difference in assessing the performance of BPAT.
In this pandemic with all eyes are on the frontliners, the populace have keen observation of how they are
performing specially the Barangay Peacekeeping Action team of every barangay. Thus, regardless of the age of the
respondents, so long as they are able see how their BPAT manifested the seriousness and dedication in performing
their task as law enforcers in the barangay.
On the other hand, sex and place of affiliation as shown on the table below plays significant difference. Given the
fact the most of the respondents are female. In the study of Eagly, (2018) women are more interested with
maintaining group unity and connecting with others on average than men. Taken together, this suggests that men
are more likely to stand firm, act independently, and refuse to conform when they are observed by others, but
11. Middle East Journal of Applied Science & Technology
Vol.5, Iss.2, Pages 123-136, April-June 2022
ISSN: 2582-0974 [133] www.mejast.com
women are more willing to adhere to others' beliefs to avoid social conflict. When conformity occurs in private,
these distinctions are less noticeable.
In addition to sex and the place of affiliation of the respondents. Although they belong to the same city, they are not
the same in demographic data. The way the respondents assessed the BPAT was most likely connected to their
socio-economic statuses, such as employment, education, and the overall population in their barangay, which affect
how BPAT performed and is being distributed by how large their workloads are.
Table 6. Significant difference in the performance of the BPAT officers as to their skills in patrolling, identifying
violations in the community, basic self-defense skills, and crowd control skills during duty as perceived by the
community when they are grouped according to their profile
Profile Chi-Square P-value Decision
Sex
Age
Place of Affiliation
17.25
15.42
14.96
.000625
.219109
.004773
Significant
Not Significant
Significant
4. Conclusions
According to the findings of the study, the majority of Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team officers were very
responsive in safeguarding and patrolling the neighborhood during the day and night while on the state/verge of
pandemic. Barangay law enforcers are highly knowledgeable and visible in securing their respective communities
through ronda patrol activity. BPAT officers also perform intelligence monitoring during COVID-19. BPAT
officers help to coordinate efforts with the community to address social and economic concerns that affect
community. BPAT officers continue to do their best to protect their communities' safety.
On the other hand, for the performance of the BPAT they may maintain the efficiency of their job so that
harmonious relationship will be maintain as well. Lastly, regarding the skills of the BPAT they may re-orient
themselves so that they will not forget those skills of them and reassure the community as their benefactors that
during the time of calling BPAT are capable of everything
5. Recommendations
Based on the findings of the study, this were the recommendations arrived intended specifically to the following:
1. To the Local Council headed by the Barangay Chairman, to have constant monitoring and evaluation of the
Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) performance to identify the different strengths and weaknesses of
every individual for future training for enhancement.
2. To the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) members, they are encourage to continue their service and
enhancing their skills in dealing with the community's different concerns most specially during this COVID-19.
3. To the Community of the city, they may extend their help through strong participation if there might be a new
ordinance or mandates that will benefited everyone.
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ISSN: 2582-0974 [134] www.mejast.com
4. Lastly, to the Future Researchers, this study might help them to have a wider coverage so that other areas might
be in concern for studying which may result to have a possible concrete suggestion from them.
Declarations
Source of Funding
This research work did not receive any grant from funding agencies in the public or not-for-profit sectors.
Competing Interests Statement
The authors declare no competing financial, professional and personal interests.
Consent for publication
Authors declare that they consented for the publication of this research work.
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