The "Telome theory" of Walter Zimmermann (1930, 1952) is the most accepted theory that is based on fossil record and synthesizes the major steps in the evolution of vascular plants.
It describes how the primitive type of vascular plants developed from Rhynia like plants.
Agaricus is a genus of mushrooms containing both edible and poisonous species, with possibly over 300 members worldwide. The genus includes the common ("button") mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) and the field mushroom (A. campestris), the dominant cultivated mushrooms of the West.
The "Telome theory" of Walter Zimmermann (1930, 1952) is the most accepted theory that is based on fossil record and synthesizes the major steps in the evolution of vascular plants.
It describes how the primitive type of vascular plants developed from Rhynia like plants.
Agaricus is a genus of mushrooms containing both edible and poisonous species, with possibly over 300 members worldwide. The genus includes the common ("button") mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) and the field mushroom (A. campestris), the dominant cultivated mushrooms of the West.
• Gymnosperms (Gymnos = naked, Sperma = seed) include the small group of plants with naked seeds.
• The Gymnosperms originated in the Devonian period of the Paleozoic Era and formed the supreme vegetation in the Mesozoic Era.
This ppt has been made by Xanthophyceae also known as yellow green algae. It occupies second position in algae classification by F.E Fritsch. It is classified into four orders. It contain xanthophyll in large amount that gives it yellow colour, hence it is commonly know as yellow green algae.
Chlamydomonas is unicellular, motile green algae. In this presentation the systematic position, occurrence, structure and different types of reproduction is being explained. palmella stage in vegetative reproduction is one of the outstanding character found among the other algae.
This is a detailed presentation on Morphology, anatomy and reproduction of Marchantia spp. with high quality pics and eye capturing transitions and animations
• Gymnosperms (Gymnos = naked, Sperma = seed) include the small group of plants with naked seeds.
• The Gymnosperms originated in the Devonian period of the Paleozoic Era and formed the supreme vegetation in the Mesozoic Era.
This ppt has been made by Xanthophyceae also known as yellow green algae. It occupies second position in algae classification by F.E Fritsch. It is classified into four orders. It contain xanthophyll in large amount that gives it yellow colour, hence it is commonly know as yellow green algae.
Chlamydomonas is unicellular, motile green algae. In this presentation the systematic position, occurrence, structure and different types of reproduction is being explained. palmella stage in vegetative reproduction is one of the outstanding character found among the other algae.
This is a detailed presentation on Morphology, anatomy and reproduction of Marchantia spp. with high quality pics and eye capturing transitions and animations
What is bacteria?(Structures Present in Bacteria And their Functions | Prokar...sehriqayyum
Explains what bacteria is and where it exists.
A key feature of nearly all prokaryotic cells is the cell wall, which maintains cell shape, protects the cell, and prevents it from bursting in a hypotonic environment.
The cell walls of prokaryotes differ in structure from those of eukaryotes. In eukaryotes that have cell walls, such as plants and fungi, the walls are usually made of cellulose or chitin. In contrast, most bacterial cell walls contain peptidoglycan, a polymer composed of modified sugars cross-linked by short polypeptides.
Using a technique called the Gram stain, developed by the 19th-century Danish physician Hans Christian Gram, scientists can categorize many bacterial species according to differences in cell wall composition.
Gram-positive bacteria have simpler walls with a relatively large amount of peptidoglycan. Gram-negative bacteria have less peptidoglycan
and are structurally more complex, with an outer membrane
that contains lipopolysaccharides (carbohydrates bonded
to lipids).
LEARN ABOUT:
- Bacteria
- The number of viruses on earth is staggering
- Pathogenic yeasts
- Helminths
- Harnessing bacteria
- Microbes on the tree of life
- Living and working together
- Archaea
- Protozoa
LEARN ABOUT:
- Bacteria
- The number of viruses on earth is staggering
- Pathogenic yeasts
- Helminths
- Harnessing bacteria
- Microbes on the tree of life
- Living and working together
- Archaea
- Protozoa
The bacterial flagellum has three main parts (the motor, hook, and filament) that are themselves composed of 42 different kinds of proteins.The cells of prokaryotes are simpler than those of eukaryotes
in both their internal structure and the physical arrangement
of their DNA. The genome of a prokaryote is structurally different from
a eukaryotic genome and in most cases has considerably less DNA. Prokaryotes generally have circular chromosomes, whereas eukaryotes have linear chromosomes.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
4. Vegetative
MyceliumIt may be:
Primary Mycelium
• Monokaryotic, short lived, develops from germination of basidiospore.
• Hyphae are septate and hyaline.
• Cells are short, contain oil globules, vacuoles and thin protoplasm.
Secondary Mycelium
• Dikaryotic, arise by dikaryotization through somatogamy of two
monokaryotic hyphae.
• Long, branched, septate and have short cells.
• Dolipore septa are present between adjacent cells.
• More abundant and produce mushrooms year after year
5. Vegetative Mycelium
Tertiary Mycelium
• Mycelium producing basidiocarps is sometimes referred to as tertiary mycelium.
• It forms complex tissue which produces basidia.
6. Reproduction
• Fungus reproduces sexually usually
• Definite sex organs are absent
• Plasmogamy is done by fusion of two compatible hyphae, which results in the formation of
a dikaryon
• The nuclei of dikaryon undergo conjugate divisions with that of the dikaryon to produce
dikaryotic secondary mycelium
• The basidiocarp develop from the hyphae of subterranean, perennial secondary mycelium
7. Basidiocarp / Sporophore
• The aerial part of the fungus is known as fruiting
body or basidiocarp. It is also called mushroom.
• It produces by tertiary mycelium
8. Structure of Basidiocarp
Pileus
• Upper part, circular and expanded, at young condition enclosed by
velum
Stipe
• Fleshy pinkish-white stalk, as pileus grow in size velum ruptures and
the remnants surround the stipe called annulus
Lamellae or Gills
• A cavity is present under the pileus in which large number of thin,
vertical, platelike structures are present called lamellae or gills
• Gills are first pinkish but as spore matures they become dark brown
Pileus
enclosed in
velum
9. Development of Basidiocarp
• It starts as a tiny swelling consisting of a knot of subterranean hyphae of the secondary
dikaryotic mycelium
• This swelling enlarges into a broadly ovoid structure the “basidiocarp primordium”
• Then a ring shaped cavity is formed “prelamellar chamber”
• The portion of the primordium above the prelamellar cavity finally develops into the pileus
and the below portion into the stipe
Development of Basidiocarp
10. Internal Structure of Basidiocarp
• Basidiocarp is composed of interwoven hyphae which run parallel to
each other in stipe
• They are compactly arranged to form pseudoparenchymatous tissue in
the pileus region
In stipe the central hyphae is loosely arranged with prominent air
spaces forming the medulla
The outer hyphae forms cortex
• The pileus also shows similar arrangement of hyphae into the central
medulla and outer cortex
• Some of the hyphae present in pileus develop into the lamellae or gills
Pseudoparenchymatous tissues
11. Structure of lamellae
• Each lamella consists of three parts:
Hymenium
Sub hymenium
Trama
Hymenium
• Fertile region, club shaped, binucleate forming palisade like layer on both sides of lamella,
they developed to form basidia
• Some are sterile and are called paraphysis
• Rest of them are elongated cells. They protrude beyond the paraphysis and are called
cystidia
Lamella
12. Trama
• Internal to hymenium is trama
• Multinucleated, elongated cells, extend from
hyphae of the pileus
• The hyphae run more or less longitudinally
Sub hymenium
• In between the hymenium and trama there
is region composed of hyphae arranged at
right angle to those of trama
• The cells are isodiametric and binucleate
13. • Karyogamy
• Formation of sterigmata
• Formation of basidiospore
• Hilum
• Separation from Basidium
• Context from Book
ofTanveer Ahmed Malik
Development of Basidium and Basidiospores
14. • The mycelium of Agaricus has a tendency to grow in all directions from a central point to
form a large invisible circular colony
• When the mycelium becomes mature at tips, sporophores are produced. These sporophores
appear in a circle.These circles of mushrooms are commonly called “fairy rings”
• A.campestris produces dark green rings in grass
• Damages the lawns, produce a thick fungal mat that prevents water from reaching the grass
roots below.
• Also deplete soil nutrients
Fairy Rings