according to AINSWORTH CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI, FUNGI is classified into 2 divisions – MYXOMYCOTA that includes the slime molds and EUMYCOTA

1. AINSWORTH’S CLASSIFICATION (1973)
PRESENTER - RASHMI M G
1st YEAR MSc. BOTANY
MAHARANI’S SCIENCE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
MYSORE

2.  FUNGI are eukaryotic protists without chlorophyll
 They have true nuclei containing several chromosomes
confined in a nuclear membrane, on that basis these
are separated from the prokaryotic protists(bacteria
and blue green algae) which do not have nuclear
membranes or other membrane bound organelles and
placed in the eukaryotic protists.

3.  They are heterotrophic, spore bearing eukaryotes
 They may be single-celled or multicellular
 Multicellular fungi are composed of networks of long
filamentous, branched structure called HYPHAE
 Hyphae often aggregate in a dense network known as
MYCELIUM
 Hyphae may be without cross walls( as in the case of
lower fungi) or divided into compartments by
formation of septa (in higher fungi)

4. Geoffrey Clough Ainsworth
(9Oct 1905 in Birmingham-25Oct 1998 in Derby)
1. Received his doctorate in Biology from the University of London in 1934
2. He was a British mycologist and scientific historian
3. He studied and wrote on fungi including their medical uses
4. He wrote on the history of the field with-
An Introduction to the History of Mycology (1976)
An Introduction to the History of Plant Pathology (1981)
An Introduction to the History of Medical and Veterinary Mycology (1986)
In 1980 he was awarded Linnean Medal shared with Roy Crowson

5. KINGDOM- FUNGI (MYCETEAE)
Plasmodium or
pseudo plasmodium present
Plasmodium or pseudo
plasmodium absent,
typically filamentous
MYXOMYCOTA (SLIME MOLDS) EUMYCOTA
OOSPORES,
MOTILE
SPORANGIOSPORES
(ZOOSPORES)
ZYGOSPORES
NON MOTILE
SPORANGIOSPORES
(APLANOSPORES)
ASCOSPORES BASIDIOSPORES SEXUAL SPORES
ABSENT
SUB DIVISION
DIVISION
MASTIGOMYCOTINA
“WATER MOLDS”
ZYGOMYCOTINA
(CONJUGATE FUNGI)
ASCOMYCOTINA
(SAC FUNGI)
BASIDIOMYCOTINA
(CLUB FUNGI)
DEUTERO
MYCOTINA
(IMPERFECT FUNGI)
CLASS
Chytridiomycetes
Hypo-
Chytridiomycetes
Oomycetes
Zygomycetes
Trichomycetes
Hemiascomycetes
Plectomycetes
Pyrenomycetes
Discomycetes
Laboulbeniomycetes
Loculoascomycetes
Teliomycetes
Hymenomycetes
Gasteromycetes
Blastomycetes
Hyphomycetes
Coelomycetes

6. ACRASIOMYCETES
EX. Dictyostelium
Brain-eating amoeba
Acrasidae
HYDROMYXOMYCETES
Ex net slime molds
MYXOMYCETES
Ex. Dog vomit slime mold
physarum leucophaeum
PLASMODIOPHOROMYCETES
Plasmodiophora brassicae, which
causes clubroot of cabbage and
related plants, and Spongospora
subterranea, which causes
powdery scab of potatoes.

7.  FUNGI is classified into 2 divisions – MYXOMYCOTA that
includes the slime molds and EUMYCOTA
 The EUMYCOTA has been divided into 4 sub divisions
ranging from aquatic motile saprophytes through the
terrestrial yeasts and molds to the mushrooms
 The 4 subdivisions are –MASTIGOMYCOTINA,
ZYGOMYCOTINA, ASCOMYCOTINA and
BASIDIOMYCOTINA
 These subdivisions are characterized by the production of a
sexual spore
 The form subdivision called the DEUTEROMYCOTINA
(fungi imperfecti) has been established to accommodate
those fungi that do not have a sexual spore, the fungi
belonging to this are called “imperfect fungi”

8. CHARACTERS MASTIGOMYCOTINA ZYGOMYCOTINA ASCOMYCOTINA BASIDIOMYCOTINA
HABITAT AQUATIC/
TERRESTRIAL
TERRESTRIAL TERRESTRIAL TERRESTRIAL
PLOIDY DIPLOID MONOPLOID MONOPLOID DIKARYOTIC,
MONOPLOID
MOTILE STAGE PRESENT ABSENT ABSENT ABSENT
SEXUAL SPORE OOSPORES ZYGOSPORE ASCOSPORE BASIDIOSPORE
ASEXUAL SPORE HOLOCARPIC SPORANGIOSPORES/C
HLAMYDOSPORES
CONIDIA ARTHROSPORES,OIDI
A, CONIDIA
PATHOGENIC
RELATIONSHIP
OBLIGATE PARASITES FACULTATIVE
PARASITES
FACULTATIVE/OBLIGA
TE PARASITES
FACULTATIVE/
OBLIGATE PARASITES
EXAMPLES DOWNY MILDEW
FUNGI
BLACK BREAD
MOLD(Rhizopus
stolonifer)
(Sac fungi)
Neurospora crassa
(Club fungi)
Mushrooms, rust and
smut fungi
Note- blue green mold Claviceps purpurea which causes “ERGOTISM”
belongs to ascomycotina
Ergotism – poisoning produced by eating food affected by ergot,
typically resulting in headache, vomiting, diarrhea and gangrene of the fingers and toes

9. MASTIGOMYCOTINA-
 this group are commonly called as Chytrids.
 These fungi produce oospores that are capable of moving on their own through
a liquid medium by simple flagella
 This is further grouped in classes-
Chytridiomycetes- ex. Allomyces, Synchytrium endobioticum(a pathogen of
potato, Neocallimastix
Oomycetes- ex. Pythium oligandrum ( used for biocontrol), Phytophthora
infestans (late blight of potato)
Neocallimastix Phytophthora
infestans
Pythium
oligandrum
Allomyces
Synchytrium
endobioticum

10. ZYGOMYCOTINA-
 Commonly known as conjugate fungi
 reproduce sexually with meiospores called zygospores and asexually with
sporangiospores
 This are further subdivided into classes-
Zygomycetes- ex. Lichtheimia corymbifera, Rhizomucor pusillus, Black bread mold
Trichomycetes –ex. Choanephora cucurbitarum
Choanephora
cucurbitarum
Rhizomucor pusillus Black bread mold
Lichtheimia
corymbifera

11. ASCOMYCOTINA –
 Are commonly known as sac fungi .
 They form meiotic spores called ascospores within a special sac like structure
called an ASCUS
 They bear their sexual stages in fruiting bodies called ASCOCARP
 This division includes morels, some mushrooms and truffles as well as single-
celled yeasts
 This group is further divided into classes-
Hemiascomycetes- ex- Saccharomyces boulardii, Geotrichum candidum
Plectomycetes- ex. Chrysosporium, Microsporum, Trichophyton
Pyrenomycetes- ex. Neurospora crassa, Podospora anserina, Sordaria fimicola
Discomycetes- ex. Swamp beacon,Coryne cylichnium,Neoboulgaria pura

12. Swamp beacon Trichophyton
Saccharomyces boulardii Neurospora crassa
Neoboulgaria pura

13. BASIDIOMYCOTINA-
 Commonly called as club fungi
 They produce meiospores called basidiospores on club like stalks called
BASIDIA
 The most commonly examples of fungi belongs to this group like mushrooms,
rust and smut fungi
They are further subdivided into classes-
 Teliomycetes
 Hymenomycetes
 Gasteromycetes
Rust fungi Corn smut Oyster mushroom
Agaricus

14. DEUTEROMYCETES-
 They do not have sexual stage
 Therefore they are known as imperfect fungi
 They resemble ascomycetes or in few instances basidiomycetes but produce
neither ascus nor basidia
Examples - Alternaria, Colletotrichum and Trichoderma
Alternaria solani
Trichoderma harzianum
colletotrichum gloeosporioides

15.  Fungi are heterotrophy, they do not bear chlorophyll. The cell wall mainly
contains chitin and glucans , ergosterol is present
 The food storage is in the form of glycogen
 There is alternation of generation
 The major divisions of fungi are mainly classified based on their sexual
spores and sexual reproductive structures
 fungi is classified into myxomycota and eumycota based on the presence
of Plasmodium or pseudo plasmodium
 Eumycota is further subdivided into subdivisions like mastigomycotina,
zygomycotina, ascomycotina, basidiomycotina, deuteromycotina
Reference
https://www.wikipedia.org/
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