Artificial sweeteners

1. Instructor: Dr. Nguyễn Trung Hậu
Class: DH13TPA
Members:
1. Trần Ngọc Bích (13125811)
2. Đinh Ngọc Mỹ Duyên (13125821)
3. Trương Phan Thu Hiền (13125832)
4. Huỳnh Thị Kiều Giang (13125105)

2. Content 5
DOSE FOR USING
Content 4
SIDE EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH
Content 1
FORMULA AND HISTORY
Content 2
FIELDS OF APPLICATION
Content 3
APPROVED OR NON-APPROVED

3. FORMULA
• Discovered in 1965
• 200 times sweeter than sucrose
• Made of Phenylalamine and L-
aspartic acid
– L-aspartyl-L-phenylanalmine
methyl ester
• Low-calorie sweeteners
– It is a dipeptide that is completely
digested after consumption

4. TIMELINE OF ASPARTAME HISTORY
1965
• Aspartame is discovered
1981
• The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves aspartame for use in
dry goods.
1983
• The U.S. FDA increases the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) for aspartame to 50
mg per kg of body weight per day.
• The U.S. FDA expands their approval to include carbonated soft drinks.
1984
• CDC (Center for Disease Control) published the 1st customer complaint list
associated with aspartame use

5. 1992
• The FDA releases a list containing a total of about 8000 complaint against aspartame
2004-
2007
• Animal studies performed in Europe suggested that aspartame could disrupt human
health by causing cancer
2010
• Italian study indicates leukemia and lymphoma are linked to aspartame usage.
Another study linked risk of premature delivery in pregnant women
2011
• The European Food Safety Authority notes previous studies did not give enough
cause for reconsideration of the aspartame.
2013
• Aspartame was finally approved considered safe to be consumed at current level of
exposure

6. FIELDS OF APPLICATION

9. APPROVED OR NOT?
 Allowed to use extensively in more than 125 countries, in 6.000
products
 It has gained approval from the:
• U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
• World Health Organization

11. APPROVED OR NOT?
 Aspartame is the worse reputation food additive
 Up to 75% of complaints, reports submitted to the
FDA with over 100 different side effects

12. SIDE EFFECTS OF ASPARTAME
Psychological
 Impacting mental well-being and
human’s moods
• Causing depression, aggression, anxiety,
irritability, phobias, etc.
 Memory loss and mood disturbances

13. SIDE EFFECTS OF
ASPARTAME
Neurological
 Impacting the control center for the body and
brain’s function
 Impairing the motor skills
 Causing dizziness, numbness in the limbs,
facial pain, headaches, fatigue, etc.

14. SIDE EFFECTS OF
ASPARTAME
Physical
 Causing nausea, vertigo, skin lesions, loss of
taste, muscular and joint pain, heart attack
symptoms and menstrual cramps.
 Physical experience: diarrhea, abdominal
pain, painful swallowing, hair loss, burning
during urination, high blood pressure, allergic
reactions in the mouth.

15. SIDE EFFECTS OF
ASPARTAME
Critical
 Should be treated in a timely manner
 Leading to permanent and extremely painful medical
problems
 The most critical symptoms: peptic ulcers, brain
damage, suicidal thoughts, aspartame addiction, birth
defects
 May cause mental retardation, even death

16.  The acceptable daily intake (ADI) recommendations are:
• FDA: 50 milligrams per kilogram of body weight
• EFSA: 40 milligrams per kilogram of body weight
 Aspartame becomes toxic only once you consume 4,000 mg/kg of body
weight – or about 1,600 cans of Diet Coke a day.
 The only exception is for people suffering from a rare genetic disease
phenylketonuria (PKU)
DOSE USING

17. DOSE USING
However, aspartame consumption for the general
population and various subgroups are well below
the ADI through marketing research.

18. CONCLUSION
• Aspartame is one of the most controversial
sweeteners in the world.
• It is claimed to cause health problems ranging
from headaches to cancer.
• On the other hand, food safety authorities and
other mainstream sources consider it to be
safe.

19. CONCLUSION
What are you going to do to avoid the
risks?  It’s up to you. There are some
our suggestions :
• Considering other artificial sweeteners
which are healthy (e.g. stevia, xylitol)
and natural sweeteners (e.g. honey)
• Consumption of aspartame in
moderation.
• Consumption of plenty of fresh
vegetables and fresh, and drinking lots
of water.