1. The document discusses aspartame, including its formula, history of approval and usage, fields of application, side effects, and recommended daily intake doses. 2. Aspartame is 200 times sweeter than sugar but has been linked to several potential health issues in some studies like headaches, depression, and even cancer. 3. While aspartame is approved for use and consumption in many countries and products, some view it as very controversial due to thousands of complaints filed against it over many reported side effects.

1. Instructor: Dr. Nguyễn Trung Hậu
Class: DH13TPA
Members:
1. Trần Ngọc Bích (13125811)
2. Đinh Ngọc Mỹ Duyên (13125821)
3. Trương Phan Thu Hiền (13125832)
4. Huỳnh Thị Kiều Giang (13125105)

2. Content 5
DOSE FOR USING
Content 4
SIDE EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH
Content 1
FORMULA AND HISTORY
Content 2
FIELDS OF APPLICATION
Content 3
APPROVED OR NON-APPROVED

3. FORMULA
• Discovered in 1965
• 200 times sweeter than sucrose
• Made of Phenylalamine and L-
aspartic acid
– L-aspartyl-L-phenylanalmine
methyl ester
• Low-calorie sweeteners
– It is a dipeptide that is completely
digested after consumption

4. TIMELINE OF ASPARTAME HISTORY
1965
• Aspartame is discovered
1981
• The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves aspartame for use in
dry goods.
1983
• The U.S. FDA increases the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) for aspartame to 50
mg per kg of body weight per day.
• The U.S. FDA expands their approval to include carbonated soft drinks.
1984
• CDC (Center for Disease Control) published the 1st customer complaint list
associated with aspartame use

5. 1992
• The FDA releases a list containing a total of about 8000 complaint against aspartame
2004-
2007
• Animal studies performed in Europe suggested that aspartame could disrupt human
health by causing cancer
2010
• Italian study indicates leukemia and lymphoma are linked to aspartame usage.
Another study linked risk of premature delivery in pregnant women
2011
• The European Food Safety Authority notes previous studies did not give enough
cause for reconsideration of the aspartame.
2013
• Aspartame was finally approved considered safe to be consumed at current level of
exposure

6. FIELDS OF APPLICATION

9. APPROVED OR NOT?
 Allowed to use extensively in more than 125 countries, in 6.000
products
 It has gained approval from the:
• U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
• World Health Organization

11. APPROVED OR NOT?
 Aspartame is the worse reputation food additive
 Up to 75% of complaints, reports submitted to the
FDA with over 100 different side effects

12. SIDE EFFECTS OF ASPARTAME
Psychological
 Impacting mental well-being and
human’s moods
• Causing depression, aggression, anxiety,
irritability, phobias, etc.
 Memory loss and mood disturbances

13. SIDE EFFECTS OF
ASPARTAME
Neurological
 Impacting the control center for the body and
brain’s function
 Impairing the motor skills
 Causing dizziness, numbness in the limbs,
facial pain, headaches, fatigue, etc.

14. SIDE EFFECTS OF
ASPARTAME
Physical
 Causing nausea, vertigo, skin lesions, loss of
taste, muscular and joint pain, heart attack
symptoms and menstrual cramps.
 Physical experience: diarrhea, abdominal
pain, painful swallowing, hair loss, burning
during urination, high blood pressure, allergic
reactions in the mouth.

15. SIDE EFFECTS OF
ASPARTAME
Critical
 Should be treated in a timely manner
 Leading to permanent and extremely painful medical
problems
 The most critical symptoms: peptic ulcers, brain
damage, suicidal thoughts, aspartame addiction, birth
defects
 May cause mental retardation, even death

16.  The acceptable daily intake (ADI) recommendations are:
• FDA: 50 milligrams per kilogram of body weight
• EFSA: 40 milligrams per kilogram of body weight
 Aspartame becomes toxic only once you consume 4,000 mg/kg of body
weight – or about 1,600 cans of Diet Coke a day.
 The only exception is for people suffering from a rare genetic disease
phenylketonuria (PKU)
DOSE USING

17. DOSE USING
However, aspartame consumption for the general
population and various subgroups are well below
the ADI through marketing research.

18. CONCLUSION
• Aspartame is one of the most controversial
sweeteners in the world.
• It is claimed to cause health problems ranging
from headaches to cancer.
• On the other hand, food safety authorities and
other mainstream sources consider it to be
safe.

19. CONCLUSION
What are you going to do to avoid the
risks?  It’s up to you. There are some
our suggestions :
• Considering other artificial sweeteners
which are healthy (e.g. stevia, xylitol)
and natural sweeteners (e.g. honey)
• Consumption of aspartame in
moderation.
• Consumption of plenty of fresh
vegetables and fresh, and drinking lots
of water.