Malaria is spread by mosquitoes and causes hundreds of thousands of deaths each year, especially among young children in Africa. It is estimated that 198 million people contracted malaria in 2013, resulting in over 600,000 deaths. The most at-risk groups include young children, pregnant women, individuals with HIV/AIDS, foreigners, and those returning to high-risk areas. Prevention methods include insecticide-treated bed nets, indoor insecticide spraying, and antimalarial medicines, but resistance to insecticides and drugs poses ongoing challenges.

1. Malaria
Global distribution
Malaria Fact File
• In 2013 there were an estimated 198 million cases of malaria
• 600,000-1 million deaths (2013)
• 437,000 African children died before their 5th birthday due to malaria
• a child dies every minute from malaria
• 3.2 billion people are estimated to be at risk, of whom 1.2 billion are at high risk
How isit spread?
•malariaiscausedby a single-
cell parasite froma genus
knownas Plasmodium
•it istransmittedby Anopheles,
a genusof mosquito
•Anopheles mosquitoesbreedin
water
Who ismost at risk?
•youngchildren
•non-immunepregnantwomen
•people withHIV/AIDS
•foreigners
•people returninghome toa
highriskarea
Preventions
•insecticidetreatedmosquito
bednets
•indoorsprayingwith
insecticides
•antimalarial medicinescanalso
be usedto preventmalaria
•However...
•inareas of highlevelsof
malariatransmissionthere is
insecticideresistance
•resistance toantimalarial
medicinesisarecurring
problem
•10% of income spendonanti-
malariadrugs
•people refusetouse the nets
and don'trepairthemwhen
needed.
Sudanand SouthSudan
BurkinaFaso
SierraLeone
Nigeria
Mozambique