Phenotypic and genetic characterization of local chicken ecotypes in Ethiopia Tadelle Dessie Development of Genomic Characterization Protocols for Rational Conservation and Utilization of Avian Genetic Resources South Korea, October 2011

Study regions and market sheds Contents Introduction Objectives Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion & Recommendations

Module III Measuring the genetic distance DNA Isolation Contents Introduction Objectives Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion & Recommendations Genomic DNA Whole blood 3 … n=25 1 2 Ecotype 1 Ecotype 6 . . .

Program used for MCW222 Gel electrophoresis -verification PCR product Contents Introduction Objectives Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion & Recommendations 1X 4 Min 2 Min 2 Min 29X 1 Min 1 Min 1 Min 1X 1 Min 1 Min 4 Min 72 °C 55 °C 94 °C Number of cycles Temperature

Data analysis Contents Introduction Objectives Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion & Recommendations

Results Contents Introduction Objectives Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion & Recommendations a a a b b

Hen performance history and m easures to improve laying Contents Introduction Objectives Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion & Recommendations a a a b b Stimulated 76 eggs/year 50% of chicks died Non -stimulated 46 eggs/year

Input-output relationships Contents Introduction Objectives Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion & Recommendations Reproduction Sale Consumption Manure Output Market value Non-market value -Cleaning the environment -Socio-religious function -Tick control Foundation stock Replacement stock Grain supplements -SFRB Market value Non-market value Input

Mean use pattern of chicken (%) (250 HH) Contents Introduction Objectives Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion & Recommendations Regions Repla Sale Consumption -cement Tilili 36.4 a 47.4 a 16.2 c Horro 27.1 bc 44.9 b 28.0 b Chefe 32.3 ab 48.0 a 19.8 c Jarso 31.3 ab 46.1 a 22.6 b Tepi 23.8 c 33.4 c 42.8 a Mean 31 44 25 + SE 1.2 1.1 1.4

Mean live body weight ( + SE) of chicken ecotypes Contents Introduction Objectives Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion & Recommendations a d c b e e a c b b c c a c b b c c

Mean live body weight ( + SE) Contents Introduction Objectives Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion & Recommendations  36%  35%  39%  36%

Mean daily body weight gain and Feed Conversion Ratio 0 2 4 6 8 10 Tilili Horro Chefe Jarso Tepi Fayoumi Ecotype ADG (g) 0 2 4 6 8 10 FCR Average Daily Gain (ADG) Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) Contents Introduction Objectives Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion & Recommendations

Mean daily body weight gain and Feed Conversion Ratio 0 2 4 6 8 10 Tilili Horro Chefe Jarso Tepi Fayoumi Ecotype ADG (g) 0 2 4 6 8 10 FCR Average Daily Gain (ADG) Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) Contents Introduction Objectives Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion & Recommendations a c b bc d d

Mean daily body weight gain and Feed Conversion Ratio 0 2 4 6 8 10 Tilili Horro Chefe Jarso Tepi Fayoumi Ecotype ADG (g) 0 2 4 6 8 10 FCR Average Daily Gain (ADG) Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) Contents Introduction Objectives Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion & Recommendations a a b b a a

Coefficients of variation (%) of live body weight (Animal-level) Contents Introduction Objectives Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion & Recommendations 22-37 %

Mean Heterozygosity levels (gene diversity level) Contents Introduction Objectives Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion & Recommendations Ecotypes Het. % Tilili 63 Horro 57 Chefe 63 Jarso 55 Tepi 61 Fayoumi 60 - 4% (MCW78 in Jarso ) to 92%(ADL268 in Tilili ) - Desplys high within ecotype genetic variation

Neighbour Joining tree (unbiased standard genetic distance) Contents Introduction Objectives Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion & Recommendations -Assorted the ecotypes according their origin -Bootstrapping values were between 53 to 100 % in NJ trees -Local ecotypes formed two distinct groups-cluster

Correlation between genetic and geographic distances Contents Introduction Objectives Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion & Recommendations r=0.62 -Isolation by distance based on normalised mantel statistic