Arteriosclerosis refers to a group of conditions characterized by the thickening and hardening of the arterial walls. It is a general term that includes atherosclerosis, which is the most common form of arteriosclerosis. Atherosclerosis involves the buildup of plaques, consisting of cholesterol, fat, calcium, and other substances, on the inner walls of arteries.

1. Arteriosclerosis
Presented by: Dr. Saima Mustafa (pt)

2. Arteriosclerosis
❖The general name for a group of conditions that cause arteries to become thick and stiff.
❖ As Healthy arteries are stretchy and flexible, and they carry oxygen and nutrients via blood to and from
your heart and lungs.
❖ When they stiffen, blood flow gets interrupted, causing circulation problems. This stiffening is called the
hardening of the arteries.
❖ High blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes are
factors that increase the chances of getting arteriosclerosis

3. Different kinds of arteriosclerosis, including:
Non-atheromatous arteriosclerosis. The main arteries harden due to age-related scarring, which is also
called fibrosis. It’s called non-atheromatous because it isn’t related to atheroma — or fat build-up.
Mönkeberg’s arteriosclerosis. The artery walls become hard from calcium deposits. This condition is
usually related to increasing age, but it doesn’t cause blood clots, artery narrowing, or circulation problems.
Hyaline arteriolosclerosis. The condition affects small arteries and arterioles (smaller branches of arteries) in
people with diabetes. The artery walls thicken, narrow and weaken, leading to blocked blood flow.

4. Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis. The condition can leave protein deposits along your artery wall and cause your
arteries to thicken and narrow. People with high blood pressure have a higher chance of getting this condition.
Atherosclerosis.
Often confused with arteriosclerosis, this condition is caused by a fatty, waxy build-up — called plaque — in your
arteries, leading to clogged arteries and reduced blood flow.
Risk Factors of Atherosclerosis
❖Family history of early heart disease
❖Smoking
❖Eating a diet high in saturated fat
❖Lack of exercise
❖Type 1 diabetes
❖Obesity
❖High cholesterol
❖High blood pressure

5. Signs of Atherosclerosis
❖Angina — or chest pain
❖Shortness of breath
❖Weakness
❖Tiredness
❖Lightheadedness
Treatment for Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis treatment includes lifestyle and dietary changes similar to those for
arteriosclerosis. Your doctor may prescribe medications as well as some surgical or nonsurgical
procedures.
Medications. Depending on your health, your doctor will prescribe cholesterol-lowering
medications as well as blood thinners to prevent blood clots and medications to lower your
blood pressure.

6. Angioplasty
A common atherosclerosis treatment is a coronary angioplasty with or without a stent. In this
procedure, your surgeon inserts a catheter with a balloon on the end into your artery to open it
up. Sometimes, a metal coil called a stent is placed in your artery to support the arterial walls and
help keep them open.
Bypass surgery
If you have severe coronary artery blockages, A piece of artery from your leg will be added to
your heart’s arterial network in order to create a new clear and strong artery for the blood to flow
through

7. signs and symptoms of arteriosclerosis might include:
❖Chest pain
❖Shortness of breath
❖Sweating
❖Pain in your arm or shoulder
❖Feeling sick
❖Coughing
❖Lightheadedness
❖Severe headaches
❖Trouble speaking
❖Vision problems
❖Leg pain

8. Treatment for Arteriosclerosis
Depending on the kind and severity of your condition, your doctor may recommend
Lifestyle changes such as
❖Regular exercise
❖Eating a healthier diet low in sugar, fat, and sodium
❖Keeping a healthy weight
❖Stopping smoking
❖Drinking less alcohol
❖Medications that include:
❖Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors — or ACE inhibitors
❖Beta-blockers
❖Diuretics
❖Calcium channel blockers
❖Vasodilators