Sinusitis, or rhinosinusitis, is the inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, affecting the mucous membranes of the nose and the sinuses. Typical symptoms include a stuffy nose, cough, fever, pain, and thick pus-filled discharge, often following a viral upper respiratory infection. Diagnosis can involve endoscopy or imaging, with treatments ranging from nasal sprays to surgery in chronic cases.

1. Presented by: Saima Mustafa
SINUSITIS

2. INTRODUCTION:-
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One
SINUSITIS

3. 01. INTRO:-
⮚ Sinusitis is an inflammation of the paranasal sinuses. The full
medical term for sinusitis is "rhinosinusitis" ("rhino-" meaning
"nose"), because it affects the mucous membranes lining both the
nose and the sinuses.
⮚ The paranasal sinuses are part of the upper airways, and are
connected to the nasal cavity. They are made up of several cavities
in the skull found from the forehead down to the teeth of the upper
jaw. Depending on where they are, these cavities are known as the
frontal sinuses, the sphenoid sinus, the ethmoid cells and the
maxillary sinuses. The paranasal sinuses are lined with mucous
membranes that have tiny hairs on them (ciliated epithelium).
These mucous membranes produce a secretion that runs down
through the nose and throat.

4. 01. INTRO:-

5. 02. SYMPTOMS:-
Sinusitis often has the following typical symptoms:
⮚ Stuffy nose
⮚ Coughing
⮚ Fever
⮚ Pain
⮚ Swelling
⮚ A build-up of pus
⮚ If you have sinusitis, your nasal passages will become blocked due to the swelling and
build-up of fluid. This makes it more difficult to breathe through the nose, which feels
stuffy. A yellowish or greenish discharge is a sign of the presence of germs.

6. 03. CAUSES:-
Acute sinusitis is often brought on by a cold or the flu. Colds are usually
caused by respiratory viruses, and only rarely by bacteria. A bacterial
attack, however, may occur in addition to a viral infection.
Viruses or bacteria trigger an inflammation, which causes the mucous
membranes to swell up. This may keep fluid from draining from the
sinuses. If that happens, the fluid becomes thicker and the sinuses fill up
with thick, often yellow-green mucus. Allergies, nasal polyps, a deviated
nasal septum (where the wall between the two nostrils is bent to one
side) or a weakened immune system can all make sinusitis more likely.
⮚ Immune system disorders, for example hay fever or other allergies
⮚ Deviated nasal septum (where the wall between the two nostrils is
bent to one side) or other abnormalities in or near the nose
⮚ Intolerance of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA – the drug in Aspirin)

7. 04. DIAGNOSIS:-
⮚ A tube-like device with a small lamp on it (endoscope) can be used to take a closer look at the
inside of your nose and see whether the membranes are swollen and what color the secretions are.
⮚ Computed tomography (CT) or ultrasound can be used if a sample is not enough to provide a clear
diagnosis or if there are signs of complications.
⮚ An allergy test can help in chronic sinusitis, which is commonly associated with allergies.

8. ⮚ Steroid nasal sprays may relieve the symptoms of sinusitis.
⮚ Decongestant nasal sprays help over the short term at most, and should only be used for a few days.
⮚ A nasal rinse or inhalation may also help, and antibiotics are an option in some cases.
⮚ In chronic sinusitis, one common treatment is a surgical procedure for expanding restricted passageways in the
paranasal sinuses.
05. TREATMENT:-

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