Sinusitis is the inflammation or swelling of the tissue lining the sinuses. The sinuses are hollow air-filled spaces within the bones of the face and skull, and they are connected to the nasal passages. When the sinuses become blocked and filled with fluid, germs can grow and cause an infection.
In this PPT description of various basic instruments, anterior rhinoscopy, Posterior rhinoscopy, septum examination, nasal valve patency examination, paranasal sinus examination, etc.
Dr. Ram Kumar specializes Nose Doctor in Ropar. Dr Ram Kumar diagnosis and treatment of all nose, sinus and voice disorders, pediatric sleep disorders and snoring, sleep apnea, allergies including ear infections, TMJ (jaw disorder), chronic headaches, snoring, memory loss and many more. Many disorders can be treated effectively with the proper medical care.
Max sinus 2 final/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academyIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Inflammation of the mucosa of sinuses associated with inflammation of the nasal mucosa is called rhinosinusitis (RS).
CLASSIFICATION:
• Acute RS: Symptoms lasting for less than 4 weeks with complete resolution.
• Subacute RS: Duration 4-12 weeks.
• Chronic RS: Duration ~ 12 weeks.
• Recurrent RS: Four or more episodes of RS per year; each lasting for 7-10 days or more with complete resolution in between the episodes.
• Nasal obstruction.
• Nasal discharge/congestion, anterior, or posterior in the form of postnasal drip.
• Facial pain or pressure.
• Alteration in the sense of smell, hyposmia or anosmia.
• Other symptoms include cough, fever, halitosis, fatigue, dental pain, pharyngitis, headache or ear fullness.
Sinuses are air-filled cavities within the skull bone. These hollow spaces in the skull are situated in cheek bones, forehead, behind the bridge of the nose and between the eyes. Another set is situated in the upper region of the nose and behind the eyes. All the sinuses have the same lining that is present in the nose.
Back pain is a common medical condition that can affect people of all ages. It can be acute, lasting a few days to a few weeks, or chronic, persisting for more than three months. Back pain can result from various causes, and it can affect different regions of the back, including the upper, middle, or lower back.
Menarche refers to the first occurrence of menstruation in a woman's life, marking the onset of her reproductive years. It is a significant milestone in female development and typically occurs during adolescence. The age at which menarche occurs can vary widely but generally falls between the ages of 9 and 16.
In this PPT description of various basic instruments, anterior rhinoscopy, Posterior rhinoscopy, septum examination, nasal valve patency examination, paranasal sinus examination, etc.
Dr. Ram Kumar specializes Nose Doctor in Ropar. Dr Ram Kumar diagnosis and treatment of all nose, sinus and voice disorders, pediatric sleep disorders and snoring, sleep apnea, allergies including ear infections, TMJ (jaw disorder), chronic headaches, snoring, memory loss and many more. Many disorders can be treated effectively with the proper medical care.
Max sinus 2 final/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academyIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Inflammation of the mucosa of sinuses associated with inflammation of the nasal mucosa is called rhinosinusitis (RS).
CLASSIFICATION:
• Acute RS: Symptoms lasting for less than 4 weeks with complete resolution.
• Subacute RS: Duration 4-12 weeks.
• Chronic RS: Duration ~ 12 weeks.
• Recurrent RS: Four or more episodes of RS per year; each lasting for 7-10 days or more with complete resolution in between the episodes.
• Nasal obstruction.
• Nasal discharge/congestion, anterior, or posterior in the form of postnasal drip.
• Facial pain or pressure.
• Alteration in the sense of smell, hyposmia or anosmia.
• Other symptoms include cough, fever, halitosis, fatigue, dental pain, pharyngitis, headache or ear fullness.
Sinuses are air-filled cavities within the skull bone. These hollow spaces in the skull are situated in cheek bones, forehead, behind the bridge of the nose and between the eyes. Another set is situated in the upper region of the nose and behind the eyes. All the sinuses have the same lining that is present in the nose.
Back pain is a common medical condition that can affect people of all ages. It can be acute, lasting a few days to a few weeks, or chronic, persisting for more than three months. Back pain can result from various causes, and it can affect different regions of the back, including the upper, middle, or lower back.
Menarche refers to the first occurrence of menstruation in a woman's life, marking the onset of her reproductive years. It is a significant milestone in female development and typically occurs during adolescence. The age at which menarche occurs can vary widely but generally falls between the ages of 9 and 16.
Back pain is a common medical condition that can affect people of all ages. It can be acute, lasting a few days to a few weeks, or chronic, persisting for more than three months. Back pain can result from various causes, and it can affect different regions of the back, including the upper, middle, or lower back.
Dyspnea, often referred to as shortness of breath or breathlessness, is a subjective sensation of difficult or uncomfortable breathing. It is a common symptom of various medical conditions affecting the respiratory, cardiovascular, or other systems. Dyspnea can range from mild and temporary to severe and chronic, and it may occur at rest or during physical activity.
Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, coughing, and chest tightness. Asthma symptoms can range from mild to severe, and they can vary over time. It is a common condition that affects people of all ages.
Arteriosclerosis refers to a group of conditions characterized by the thickening and hardening of the arterial walls. It is a general term that includes atherosclerosis, which is the most common form of arteriosclerosis. Atherosclerosis involves the buildup of plaques, consisting of cholesterol, fat, calcium, and other substances, on the inner walls of arteries.
Diastasis recti is a condition characterized by the separation of the right and left halves of the rectus abdominis muscle, which is the muscle that forms the "six-pack" in the abdomen. This separation occurs when the connective tissue between the abdominal muscles, known as the linea alba, stretches and weakens. Diastasis recti is most commonly seen in pregnant women, but it can also occur in men, women who have never been pregnant, and in infants.
Acute laryngotracheobronchitis, commonly known as croup, is a respiratory condition that primarily affects infants and young children. It is characterized by inflammation of the larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), and bronchi (large airways in the lungs). Croup is often caused by viral infections, with parainfluenza virus being a common culprit
A goniometer is a device used to measure angles, typically in the field of physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and biomechanics. It consists of a flat, circular, or semi-circular protractor-like instrument with an adjustable arm or arms. The primary purpose of a goniometer is to measure the range of motion at a joint in the body.
Here's a basic overview of how a goniometer is used and some key points about its features
Diastasis recti, or diastasis rectus abdominis (DRA), is a condition where the right and left halves of the rectus abdominis muscle, which meet at the midline of the abdomen, separate. This separation occurs when the connective tissue between the abdominal muscles (linea alba) stretches and weakens, allowing the abdominal muscles to separate.
Diastasis recti is most commonly seen in pregnant women, particularly during and after pregnancy. However, it can also occur in men, women who have never been pregnant, and in infants.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's phenomenon or Raynaud's syndrome, is a condition that affects blood flow to certain parts of the body—usually the fingers and toes. In Raynaud's disease, smaller arteries that supply blood to the skin constrict excessively in response to cold or stress, limiting blood supply to affected areas (vasospasm). This can lead to numbness, tingling, and color changes in the affected areas, typically turning them white or blue.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder that affects individuals with ovaries, typically during their reproductive years. PCOS is characterized by a combination of symptoms, and its exact cause is not fully understood.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's phenomenon or Raynaud's syndrome, is a condition that affects blood flow to certain parts of the body—usually the fingers and toes. In Raynaud's disease, smaller arteries that supply blood to the skin constrict excessively in response to cold or stress, limiting blood supply to affected areas (vasospasm). This can lead to numbness, tingling, and color changes in the affected areas, typically turning them white or blue.
Genital prolapse, also known as pelvic organ prolapse (POP), occurs when the muscles and tissues that support the pelvic organs (such as the uterus, bladder, and rectum) weaken or stretch, leading to the descent of these organs into the vaginal canal. This condition is more common in women, especially those who have experienced childbirth, hormonal changes during menopause, or other factors that contribute to weakening pelvic floor muscles.
Stretching exercises for neck, trunk and lumbar spineSaima Mustafa
Stretching exercises for the neck, trunk, and lumbar spine can help improve flexibility, reduce muscle tension, and promote better posture. Remember to perform these stretches gently and smoothly, without bouncing, and never force your body into a position. If you have any existing medical conditions or concerns, it's advisable to consult with a healthcare professional or a qualified fitness instructor before starting a new stretching routine. Here are some stretches for the neck, trunk, and lumbar spine
In this slide you will learn about intracranial abscess is a collection of pus or infected material that forms within the brain or its surrounding tissues. This condition is considered a serious and potentially life-threatening medical emergency. Intracranial abscesses can develop as a result of infections that spread to the brain from nearby structures or through the bloodstream.
"Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation" (CPR), which is a life-saving emergency procedure performed when an individual's breathing or heartbeat has stopped. CPR is crucial to maintain blood circulation and oxygenation to vital organs until further medical intervention can be provided. The steps typically include chest compressions and rescue breaths.
Here's a brief overview of the key components of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
In this presentation you will learn about Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's phenomenon or Raynaud's syndrome, is a condition that affects blood flow to certain parts of the body — usually the fingers and toes. This phenomenon is characterized by episodes of reduced blood flow, leading to discoloration of the affected areas (usually turning white or blue) and often accompanied by numbness or tingling. When blood flow is restored, the skin may turn red as the affected areas warm up.
Stretching Exercises for Your Neck, trunk and.pptxSaima Mustafa
This presentation is a concise description of stretching,
stretching exercises
stretching exercises for neck,
stretching exercises for trunk
stretching of lumber spine
exercises.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
3. 01. INTRO:-
⮚ Sinusitis is an inflammation of the paranasal sinuses. The full
medical term for sinusitis is "rhinosinusitis" ("rhino-" meaning
"nose"), because it affects the mucous membranes lining both the
nose and the sinuses.
⮚ The paranasal sinuses are part of the upper airways, and are
connected to the nasal cavity. They are made up of several cavities
in the skull found from the forehead down to the teeth of the upper
jaw. Depending on where they are, these cavities are known as the
frontal sinuses, the sphenoid sinus, the ethmoid cells and the
maxillary sinuses. The paranasal sinuses are lined with mucous
membranes that have tiny hairs on them (ciliated epithelium).
These mucous membranes produce a secretion that runs down
through the nose and throat.
5. 02. SYMPTOMS:-
Sinusitis often has the following typical symptoms:
⮚ Stuffy nose
⮚ Coughing
⮚ Fever
⮚ Pain
⮚ Swelling
⮚ A build-up of pus
⮚ If you have sinusitis, your nasal passages will become blocked due to the swelling and
build-up of fluid. This makes it more difficult to breathe through the nose, which feels
stuffy. A yellowish or greenish discharge is a sign of the presence of germs.
6. 03. CAUSES:-
Acute sinusitis is often brought on by a cold or the flu. Colds are usually
caused by respiratory viruses, and only rarely by bacteria. A bacterial
attack, however, may occur in addition to a viral infection.
Viruses or bacteria trigger an inflammation, which causes the mucous
membranes to swell up. This may keep fluid from draining from the
sinuses. If that happens, the fluid becomes thicker and the sinuses fill up
with thick, often yellow-green mucus. Allergies, nasal polyps, a deviated
nasal septum (where the wall between the two nostrils is bent to one
side) or a weakened immune system can all make sinusitis more likely.
⮚ Immune system disorders, for example hay fever or other allergies
⮚ Deviated nasal septum (where the wall between the two nostrils is
bent to one side) or other abnormalities in or near the nose
⮚ Intolerance of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA – the drug in Aspirin)
7. 04. DIAGNOSIS:-
⮚ A tube-like device with a small lamp on it (endoscope) can be used to take a closer look at the
inside of your nose and see whether the membranes are swollen and what color the secretions are.
⮚ Computed tomography (CT) or ultrasound can be used if a sample is not enough to provide a clear
diagnosis or if there are signs of complications.
⮚ An allergy test can help in chronic sinusitis, which is commonly associated with allergies.
8. ⮚ Steroid nasal sprays may relieve the symptoms of sinusitis.
⮚ Decongestant nasal sprays help over the short term at most, and should only be used for a few days.
⮚ A nasal rinse or inhalation may also help, and antibiotics are an option in some cases.
⮚ In chronic sinusitis, one common treatment is a surgical procedure for expanding restricted passageways in the
paranasal sinuses.
05. TREATMENT:-