Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, coughing, and chest tightness. Asthma symptoms can range from mild to severe, and they can vary over time. It is a common condition that affects people of all ages.

1. ASTHMA
PREPARED BY:
Dr.Saima Musta

2. INTRODUCTION:
Asthma is a non-communicable chronic lungs disease,
characterized by the following features:
• airways inflammation
• airways obstruction due to muscle spasm,mucosal edema
and stagation.
• airways hyperreactivity to aerobiological irritants.

3. Eitiology
• Host factors:
-genetics
-sex: More in males 2:1
• Environmental factors:
-Allergens
-infections
-seasonal
-diet(certain food triggers it)
• Pollutants
• Respiratory infections
• Psychological factors
• Drugs

4. Pathophysiology
Asthma trigger
inflammation & edema of mucous membrane
accumulation of tenacious secretions from mucous gland
spasm of the smooth muscle of the bronchi & bronchioles
Decreases the caliber of the bronchioles

5. Clinical manifestations:
• Dyspnea
• wheezing
• cough
• restlessness
• nocturnal cough
• chest tightness
• recurrent cough
• abdominal pain rarely occurs due to overworking of expiratory abdominal muscle
• other comorbidities: allergic rhinitis, sinusitis,eczema.

6. Diagnosis
1. History taking
recurrents episodes of wheezing?
troublesome in cough usually worse at night?
awakened by coughing?
cough and wheeze after physical activity?
2. Physical examination:
dyspnea, irritability, eczema and allergic rhinitis
3. Chest X Ray:
if any complication are suspected.

7. Treatment
• Oxygen:
give oxygen to keep oxygen saturation >95% in all children with asthma who are cyanosed.
• Pharmacotherapy:
salbutamol, terbutaline, adrenaline
prevent:- steroids and theophylline.
• long term symptoms reliever:
- salmeterol
-formoterol
-bambuterol

8. THANKYOU