This document provides an introduction to the C programming language by Yogendra Pal. It discusses basic C concepts like data types, arithmetic operators, assignment operators, unary operators, operator precedence, and provides examples of simple programs to add two numbers, calculate the average of two numbers, and convert between kilometers and meters. The document encourages the reader to solve practice problems and quizzes on the provided website and to email the author with any questions.

1. C Programming
Language
By:
Yogendra Pal
yogendra@learnbywatch.com
Dedicated to My mother and Father

2. t
y
Keep your notebook with you.
Write important point and questions that comes in your mind
Solve Mind band exercise.
C
Rewind when not clear
Ask Questions by call or SMS or by mail
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THIS IS ARITHMETIC INSTRUCTIONS
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3. What do you know?
• printf() function?
• scanf() function?
• How to write a simple C program?
• How to compile and run it?
• If answers are yes then you can go ahead.
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4. Problem
• Write a program to add two numbers. These
numbers must input by user.
• For addition (+) we need arithmetic operators.
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5. Arithmetic Operators
• * : multiplication y z
2 4
• / : division
• + : addition
• - : subtraction 2+4
x
• % : modulus operator 6
• Variable = constant;
– x = y + z;
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6. Result of each operator
• 2*3=6
• 4/2=2
• 4+2=6
• 4–2=2
• 4%3=1
• 4%2=0
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7. Some Constraints
• Arithmetic operators act on numeric values.
– (int/float/char) operator (int/float/char)
– character represents numeric (ASCII) value.
• Modules operator works only when
– int % int (non-zero).
• Division operator works only when
– (int/float/char) / (non-zero value).
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8. You must know
• int / int = int
• (int / float) = float
• (float / int) = float
• (float / float) = float
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9. Assignment Operator =
• Assign expression value to an identifier.
• identifier = expression or variable = constant.
• If both operand are of different data types
then right side value convert into the data
type of left side identifier.
• Multiple assignment execute from right to left.
– x = y = z = 5.
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10. More Assignment Operator…
• *=, /=, %=, +=, -= know as compound
assignment operator.
• x += 1; means x = x + 1;
• a -= b; means a = a – b;
• m %= (n-7); means m = m % (n-7);
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11. Addition of two numbers
start start
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
Define a,b,c int a,b,c
void main()
initialize b,c b = 4, c = 2 {
int a, b, c;
a=b+c a=b+c b = 4;
c = 2;
print a print a a = b + c;
printf(“%d”,a);
getch();
stop stop }
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12. Unary Operators
• Operate upon single operand.
• - (unary minus)
• + (unary plus)
• -- (decrement operator) : decrement by 1
– i--; or --i; equal to i = i -1;
• ++ (increment operator) : increment by 1
– i++; or ++i; equal to i = i +1;
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13. Unary Operator…
• sizeof : returns the size (bytes) of operand.
– printf(“integer: %d”,sizeof(i));
• Type Cast is also a unary operator.
• Type Cast changes the data type of operand.
– (Type) operand;
– float a = 3.7;
– (int)a;
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14. Operator precedence
Operator Operation Precendence
() Parentheses Evaluate First,
Innermost first,
Left to right.
-, +, --, ++, Unary operators Right to left
sizeof, (type)
*, / or % Multiplication, Division or Left to right.
modulus
+ or - Addition and subtraction Left to right.
= Assignment (Multiple) Right to left.
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15. Example of precedence
• a=2*3/4+4/4+8–2+5/ (3+1)
• a=2*3/4+4/4+8–2+5/ 4
• a=6/4+4/4+8–2+5/ 4
• a=1+4/4+8–2+5/ 4
• a=1+1+8–2+5/ 4
• a=1+1+8–2+1
• a=2+8–2+1
• a = 10 – 2 + 1
• a=8+1
• a=9
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16. Mind Bend
• Calculate the value.
– ( 3 * 5.9 – 2 * 6 ) % ( 4 * 8 + 4 )
–2*((8/6)+(4*(9–4))%(3*2–2)
– ( 3 * 9 - 3 ) % ( 5 + 3 * 3) / ( 6 - 7 )
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17. Calculate the average
start start
Define a,b,c Define a,b,c
initialize b,c initialize b,c
a=b+c/2 a=(b+c)/2
print a print a
stop stop
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18. Problem
• Write a program to convert a value from
kilometer to meter.
• Formula to convert km in to meter is:
– 1 km = 1000 m so,
– n km = 1000 * n m
• Now you can solve any formula based
problem.
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19. Problem…
• Write a program that convert a lowercase
character to uppercase character.
• Write a program to calculate the area and
circumference of the circle.
• Two numbers (x and y) are entered through the
keyboard. Write a program to interchange the
value of x and y.
• Write a program that print reverse of a 5 digit
given number.
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20. Problem…
• Write a program that calculate the root of a
quadratic equation.
– ax2 + bx + c = 0.
• Input marks of five subjects of a student and
write a program to calculate and print addition
and percentage of that student.
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21. Mind Bend
• Write a program that convert a uppercase
alphabet to lowercase alphabet.
• Write a program to calculate the area and
perimeter of rectangle.
• Write a program that print reverse of a 3 digit
given number.
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22. To get complete benefit of this tutorial solve all the quiz on
www.learnbywatch.com
For any problem in this tutorial mail me at
yogendra@learnbywatch.com
with the subject “C”
For Other information mail at
info@learnbywatch.com
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NEXT IS DECISION CONTROL
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