Argumentative Writing complete-1.pptx
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The document discusses the structure and types of argumentative essays. It identifies three main types of arguments: classical, Toulmin, and Rogerian. It also outlines the typical structure of an argumentative essay, including an introductory paragraph, thesis statement, body paragraphs, and conclusion. Finally, it provides some tips for using argumentative language and acknowledging opposing views in a logical manner.
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argumentative-essay.ppt
The document provides information on writing an argumentative essay. It defines an argument and argumentative essay as establishing a claim and using logical reasoning to prove it. The purpose is to persuade the audience to accept a point of view. Key elements include choosing a topic, thesis statement, supporting an argument with facts, examples, and authority. The role of the audience is important - know their views and address counterarguments respectfully to change their perspective. The document outlines the structure and elements to include when writing an argumentative essay.
argumentative-essay.ppt
The document provides guidance on writing an argumentative essay. It explains that an argumentative essay presents a claim and uses logical reasoning and evidence to persuade the audience to accept the claim. Key aspects of writing an argumentative essay include choosing a controversial topic, developing a thesis statement, supporting the argument with facts, examples, and opinions from experts, and anticipating and addressing counterarguments. The essay should be written while considering the intended audience and their perspectives.
argumentative-essay.ppt
The document discusses the key elements of an argumentative essay. It defines an argument as establishing a claim and proving it using logical reasoning, examples, and research. The purpose of an argumentative essay is to present well-reasoned conclusions to persuade the audience to consider a point of view. Elements that must be included are: an argument/claim, counterargument, supporting evidence like facts, examples, and authority opinions. The audience must be understood to effectively address their objections or opposing views on the topic in a respectful manner. The argument should be organized with an outline and conclusion that shows why the audience should care about the claim.
argumentative-essay.ppt
The document provides guidance on writing an argumentative essay. It explains that an argument presents a claim and supports it with logical reasoning, examples, and evidence. The purpose of an argumentative essay is to persuade the audience to accept a point of view. Key aspects of writing one include choosing a controversial topic, developing a thesis statement, and supporting the argument with facts, examples, and opinions from experts. It is also important to understand the audience's perspective and address any counterarguments in a respectful manner. The document outlines the basic elements and structure of an effective argumentative essay.
Grade 7-Oral Language, stance, behavior.ppt
This document provides information on how to write an argumentative essay, including defining what an argument and argumentative essay are. It explains that an argumentative essay aims to persuade the audience of a claim through logical reasoning, examples, and evidence. Key elements that are discussed include choosing a topic and thesis, supporting an argument with facts, examples, and authorities, addressing counterarguments, organizing ideas into an outline, and considering the audience to make the argument effective. The document provides examples of useful sentence structures and emphasizes the importance of being respectful when arguing a position.
The Evaluation ArgumentChapter 14, Practical ArgumentMig.docx
The Evaluation Argument
Chapter 14, Practical Argument
Mignette Dorsey
The Evaluation Argument
• Evaluate – To make a personal, value judgment about something
or someone. Ex. A product, service, program, work of literature,
etc.
• Do we evaluate options before we make decisions? Examples?
• Evaluation Argument (options)
1. Make a positive or negative judgment
2. Assert that someone else’s positive or negative judgment is
inaccurate
3. Comparative analysis where you prove one thing is superior to
another
The Evaluation Argument
• What makes another perceive that your evaluation is fair?
• Addressing the Opposing Point of View
• Evidence of bias (p. 477) – Bias can be detected by tone as evidenced
by word choice
• Criteria for Evaluation:
1. Answer the “why” question related to your assertion: Why are
afternoon classes better than morning classes - or vice versa?
2. Establish a list of criteria you will examine: Alertness, Instructor
accessibility, traffic
The Evaluation Argument
3. Comparing criteria - discuss drawbacks of morning classes versus
advantages of afternoon classes
• See pg. 479 re. Evaluation Argument structure
• Evaluation Grammar: Comparatives and Superlatives – page 484
Pop Quiz: Evaluation Essay
(Answers are on the last slide)
Write true or false for each item below:
1. Offering a solution to the problem of student plagiarism would be a
good topic for an evaluation essay.
2. Word choice is an important consideration in writing an evaluation
essay.
3. Word choice establishes the tone of an essay.
4. Of the five “Ws,” the “why” question is never the focus of an
evaluation essay.
5. When we “evaluate,” we make a value judgment about something
or someone.
Pop Quiz Answers: Evaluation Essay
• 1. False
• 2. True
• 3. True
• 4. False
• 5. True
The Evaluation Argument�Chapter 14, Practical ArgumentThe Evaluation Argument�The Evaluation ArgumentThe Evaluation ArgumentPop Quiz: Evaluation Essay�(Answers are on the last slide)Pop Quiz Answers: Evaluation Essay
Rhetoric, Persuasion,
Argumentation:
The Argumentative Essay
Mignette Dorsey
Engl 1302
What is Rhetoric?
• Rhetoric is the ancient art of
argumentation and discourse. When we
write or speak to convince others of what
we believe, we are "rhetors." When we
analyze the way rhetoric works, we are
"rhetoricians." The earliest known studies
of rhetoric come from the Golden Age,
when philosophers of ancient Greece
discussed logos, ethos, and pathos.
Carson-Newman University
https://web.cn.edu/.../resource rhet.html
https://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/logic.html
https://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/ethos.html
https://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/pathos.html
What is Rhetoric?
• Rhetoric / Persuasion is not only written
discourse. Marketing experts use rhetoric for the
purpose of persuading audiences to pay
attention to what they are selling. See
Google>advertisements>images
• Architects use rhetoric in building design.
Consider the message co.
The Evaluation ArgumentChapter 14, Practical ArgumentMig.docx
The Evaluation Argument
Chapter 14, Practical Argument
Mignette Dorsey
The Evaluation Argument
• Evaluate – To make a personal, value judgment about something
or someone. Ex. A product, service, program, work of literature,
etc.
• Do we evaluate options before we make decisions? Examples?
• Evaluation Argument (options)
1. Make a positive or negative judgment
2. Assert that someone else’s positive or negative judgment is
inaccurate
3. Comparative analysis where you prove one thing is superior to
another
The Evaluation Argument
• What makes another perceive that your evaluation is fair?
• Addressing the Opposing Point of View
• Evidence of bias (p. 477) – Bias can be detected by tone as evidenced
by word choice
• Criteria for Evaluation:
1. Answer the “why” question related to your assertion: Why are
afternoon classes better than morning classes - or vice versa?
2. Establish a list of criteria you will examine: Alertness, Instructor
accessibility, traffic
The Evaluation Argument
3. Comparing criteria - discuss drawbacks of morning classes versus
advantages of afternoon classes
• See pg. 479 re. Evaluation Argument structure
• Evaluation Grammar: Comparatives and Superlatives – page 484
Pop Quiz: Evaluation Essay
(Answers are on the last slide)
Write true or false for each item below:
1. Offering a solution to the problem of student plagiarism would be a
good topic for an evaluation essay.
2. Word choice is an important consideration in writing an evaluation
essay.
3. Word choice establishes the tone of an essay.
4. Of the five “Ws,” the “why” question is never the focus of an
evaluation essay.
5. When we “evaluate,” we make a value judgment about something
or someone.
Pop Quiz Answers: Evaluation Essay
• 1. False
• 2. True
• 3. True
• 4. False
• 5. True
The Evaluation Argument�Chapter 14, Practical ArgumentThe Evaluation Argument�The Evaluation ArgumentThe Evaluation ArgumentPop Quiz: Evaluation Essay�(Answers are on the last slide)Pop Quiz Answers: Evaluation Essay
Rhetoric, Persuasion,
Argumentation:
The Argumentative Essay
Mignette Dorsey
Engl 1302
What is Rhetoric?
• Rhetoric is the ancient art of
argumentation and discourse. When we
write or speak to convince others of what
we believe, we are "rhetors." When we
analyze the way rhetoric works, we are
"rhetoricians." The earliest known studies
of rhetoric come from the Golden Age,
when philosophers of ancient Greece
discussed logos, ethos, and pathos.
Carson-Newman University
https://web.cn.edu/.../resource rhet.html
https://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/logic.html
https://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/ethos.html
https://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/pathos.html
What is Rhetoric?
• Rhetoric / Persuasion is not only written
discourse. Marketing experts use rhetoric for the
purpose of persuading audiences to pay
attention to what they are selling. See
Google>advertisements>images
• Architects use rhetoric in building design.
Consider the message co.
Writing critically
Writing critically involves analyzing your own and others' work, presenting a point of view and supporting it with evidence. When writing critically, you should consider different perspectives, choose one to support, and convince readers of its correctness. Your opinions must be backed by evidence and reasons explaining how the evidence supports your view. You must distinguish your view, evidence, and reasoning clearly. Arguments can be presented inductively, discussing both sides before giving your opinion, or deductively, stating your view immediately and trying to convince readers of its rightness through reasoned arguments. Giving reasons, examples, and generalizations supported by evidence is important for arguing a point of view critically.
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argumentative-essay.ppt
The document provides information on writing an argumentative essay. It defines an argument and argumentative essay as establishing a claim and using logical reasoning to prove it. The purpose is to persuade the audience to accept a point of view. Key elements include choosing a topic, thesis statement, supporting an argument with facts, examples, and authority. The role of the audience is important - know their views and address counterarguments respectfully to change their perspective. The document outlines the structure and elements to include when writing an argumentative essay.
argumentative-essay.ppt
The document provides guidance on writing an argumentative essay. It explains that an argumentative essay presents a claim and uses logical reasoning and evidence to persuade the audience to accept the claim. Key aspects of writing an argumentative essay include choosing a controversial topic, developing a thesis statement, supporting the argument with facts, examples, and opinions from experts, and anticipating and addressing counterarguments. The essay should be written while considering the intended audience and their perspectives.
argumentative-essay.ppt
The document discusses the key elements of an argumentative essay. It defines an argument as establishing a claim and proving it using logical reasoning, examples, and research. The purpose of an argumentative essay is to present well-reasoned conclusions to persuade the audience to consider a point of view. Elements that must be included are: an argument/claim, counterargument, supporting evidence like facts, examples, and authority opinions. The audience must be understood to effectively address their objections or opposing views on the topic in a respectful manner. The argument should be organized with an outline and conclusion that shows why the audience should care about the claim.
argumentative-essay.ppt
The document provides guidance on writing an argumentative essay. It explains that an argument presents a claim and supports it with logical reasoning, examples, and evidence. The purpose of an argumentative essay is to persuade the audience to accept a point of view. Key aspects of writing one include choosing a controversial topic, developing a thesis statement, and supporting the argument with facts, examples, and opinions from experts. It is also important to understand the audience's perspective and address any counterarguments in a respectful manner. The document outlines the basic elements and structure of an effective argumentative essay.
Grade 7-Oral Language, stance, behavior.ppt
This document provides information on how to write an argumentative essay, including defining what an argument and argumentative essay are. It explains that an argumentative essay aims to persuade the audience of a claim through logical reasoning, examples, and evidence. Key elements that are discussed include choosing a topic and thesis, supporting an argument with facts, examples, and authorities, addressing counterarguments, organizing ideas into an outline, and considering the audience to make the argument effective. The document provides examples of useful sentence structures and emphasizes the importance of being respectful when arguing a position.
The Evaluation ArgumentChapter 14, Practical ArgumentMig.docx
The Evaluation Argument
Chapter 14, Practical Argument
Mignette Dorsey
The Evaluation Argument
• Evaluate – To make a personal, value judgment about something
or someone. Ex. A product, service, program, work of literature,
etc.
• Do we evaluate options before we make decisions? Examples?
• Evaluation Argument (options)
1. Make a positive or negative judgment
2. Assert that someone else’s positive or negative judgment is
inaccurate
3. Comparative analysis where you prove one thing is superior to
another
The Evaluation Argument
• What makes another perceive that your evaluation is fair?
• Addressing the Opposing Point of View
• Evidence of bias (p. 477) – Bias can be detected by tone as evidenced
by word choice
• Criteria for Evaluation:
1. Answer the “why” question related to your assertion: Why are
afternoon classes better than morning classes - or vice versa?
2. Establish a list of criteria you will examine: Alertness, Instructor
accessibility, traffic
The Evaluation Argument
3. Comparing criteria - discuss drawbacks of morning classes versus
advantages of afternoon classes
• See pg. 479 re. Evaluation Argument structure
• Evaluation Grammar: Comparatives and Superlatives – page 484
Pop Quiz: Evaluation Essay
(Answers are on the last slide)
Write true or false for each item below:
1. Offering a solution to the problem of student plagiarism would be a
good topic for an evaluation essay.
2. Word choice is an important consideration in writing an evaluation
essay.
3. Word choice establishes the tone of an essay.
4. Of the five “Ws,” the “why” question is never the focus of an
evaluation essay.
5. When we “evaluate,” we make a value judgment about something
or someone.
Pop Quiz Answers: Evaluation Essay
• 1. False
• 2. True
• 3. True
• 4. False
• 5. True
The Evaluation Argument�Chapter 14, Practical ArgumentThe Evaluation Argument�The Evaluation ArgumentThe Evaluation ArgumentPop Quiz: Evaluation Essay�(Answers are on the last slide)Pop Quiz Answers: Evaluation Essay
Rhetoric, Persuasion,
Argumentation:
The Argumentative Essay
Mignette Dorsey
Engl 1302
What is Rhetoric?
• Rhetoric is the ancient art of
argumentation and discourse. When we
write or speak to convince others of what
we believe, we are "rhetors." When we
analyze the way rhetoric works, we are
"rhetoricians." The earliest known studies
of rhetoric come from the Golden Age,
when philosophers of ancient Greece
discussed logos, ethos, and pathos.
Carson-Newman University
https://web.cn.edu/.../resource rhet.html
https://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/logic.html
https://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/ethos.html
https://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/pathos.html
What is Rhetoric?
• Rhetoric / Persuasion is not only written
discourse. Marketing experts use rhetoric for the
purpose of persuading audiences to pay
attention to what they are selling. See
Google>advertisements>images
• Architects use rhetoric in building design.
Consider the message co.
The Evaluation ArgumentChapter 14, Practical ArgumentMig.docx
The Evaluation Argument
Chapter 14, Practical Argument
Mignette Dorsey
The Evaluation Argument
• Evaluate – To make a personal, value judgment about something
or someone. Ex. A product, service, program, work of literature,
etc.
• Do we evaluate options before we make decisions? Examples?
• Evaluation Argument (options)
1. Make a positive or negative judgment
2. Assert that someone else’s positive or negative judgment is
inaccurate
3. Comparative analysis where you prove one thing is superior to
another
The Evaluation Argument
• What makes another perceive that your evaluation is fair?
• Addressing the Opposing Point of View
• Evidence of bias (p. 477) – Bias can be detected by tone as evidenced
by word choice
• Criteria for Evaluation:
1. Answer the “why” question related to your assertion: Why are
afternoon classes better than morning classes - or vice versa?
2. Establish a list of criteria you will examine: Alertness, Instructor
accessibility, traffic
The Evaluation Argument
3. Comparing criteria - discuss drawbacks of morning classes versus
advantages of afternoon classes
• See pg. 479 re. Evaluation Argument structure
• Evaluation Grammar: Comparatives and Superlatives – page 484
Pop Quiz: Evaluation Essay
(Answers are on the last slide)
Write true or false for each item below:
1. Offering a solution to the problem of student plagiarism would be a
good topic for an evaluation essay.
2. Word choice is an important consideration in writing an evaluation
essay.
3. Word choice establishes the tone of an essay.
4. Of the five “Ws,” the “why” question is never the focus of an
evaluation essay.
5. When we “evaluate,” we make a value judgment about something
or someone.
Pop Quiz Answers: Evaluation Essay
• 1. False
• 2. True
• 3. True
• 4. False
• 5. True
The Evaluation Argument�Chapter 14, Practical ArgumentThe Evaluation Argument�The Evaluation ArgumentThe Evaluation ArgumentPop Quiz: Evaluation Essay�(Answers are on the last slide)Pop Quiz Answers: Evaluation Essay
Rhetoric, Persuasion,
Argumentation:
The Argumentative Essay
Mignette Dorsey
Engl 1302
What is Rhetoric?
• Rhetoric is the ancient art of
argumentation and discourse. When we
write or speak to convince others of what
we believe, we are "rhetors." When we
analyze the way rhetoric works, we are
"rhetoricians." The earliest known studies
of rhetoric come from the Golden Age,
when philosophers of ancient Greece
discussed logos, ethos, and pathos.
Carson-Newman University
https://web.cn.edu/.../resource rhet.html
https://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/logic.html
https://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/ethos.html
https://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/pathos.html
What is Rhetoric?
• Rhetoric / Persuasion is not only written
discourse. Marketing experts use rhetoric for the
purpose of persuading audiences to pay
attention to what they are selling. See
Google>advertisements>images
• Architects use rhetoric in building design.
Consider the message co.
Writing critically
Writing critically involves analyzing your own and others' work, presenting a point of view and supporting it with evidence. When writing critically, you should consider different perspectives, choose one to support, and convince readers of its correctness. Your opinions must be backed by evidence and reasons explaining how the evidence supports your view. You must distinguish your view, evidence, and reasoning clearly. Arguments can be presented inductively, discussing both sides before giving your opinion, or deductively, stating your view immediately and trying to convince readers of its rightness through reasoned arguments. Giving reasons, examples, and generalizations supported by evidence is important for arguing a point of view critically.
Eng. 091 the argument paper copy-1(2)
The document provides guidance on writing an effective argument paper. It begins by explaining that an argument paper must take a debatable position on a topic. It then outlines the key components of an argument paper, including developing a clear thesis statement, providing background information, reasons or evidence to support the thesis, anticipating objections, and concluding with a call to action. The document emphasizes establishing a reasonable tone, using logical reasoning supported by credible evidence and appeals to the reader.
Argumentative essay redux
This document provides guidance on writing an argumentative essay. It defines an argumentative essay as one intended to convince the reader of a given opinion by presenting arguments and evidence. It emphasizes that an argumentative essay should be objective and backed by facts rather than opinions. It outlines the typical components of an argumentative essay, including introducing the topic, presenting arguments and evidence for both sides, and concluding by restating the thesis. The document also provides tips on language and organization to help writers structure a persuasive argumentative essay.
EnglishPresentation.pdf
This document provides guidance on writing an effective position paper. It explains that a position paper aims to take a side on a controversial issue and persuade others to agree with that side. It recommends choosing a topic you care about where reasonable arguments can be made on both sides. Key sections of a position paper are outlined as the introduction, body, and conclusion. The body should make well-evidenced arguments in support of the thesis and acknowledge alternative views. Thorough research of facts, opinions, testimony and acknowledgement of counterarguments can help strengthen a position paper.
EnglishPresentation.pdf
This document provides guidance on writing an effective position paper. It explains that a position paper aims to take a side on a controversial issue and persuade others to agree with that side. It recommends choosing a topic you care about where reasonable arguments can be made on both sides. Key sections of a position paper are outlined as the introduction, body, and conclusion. The body should make well-evidenced arguments in support of the thesis and acknowledge alternative views. Thorough research of facts, opinions, testimony and acknowledgement of counterarguments can help strengthen a position paper.
Presentation
This document provides guidance on writing an argumentative essay for a class. It includes information on choosing a topic from several prompts, the structure and requirements of the essay, and tips for developing an argument. Students must write a 3-4 page essay supporting a position on a debate topic while addressing any opposing views in their argument. The document provides deadlines for drafts and outlines the components of a strong introduction, body paragraphs with evidence, and a conclusion.
ElementsofPersuasive.pdf
This document outlines the key elements of a persuasive or argumentative essay. It discusses introducing the topic and thesis, stating facts to support the thesis, and disproving opposing arguments. The essay should build an argument from least to most important points and form conclusions that answer why the paper is being written. When planning such an essay, the writer should choose a position, analyze the audience, research the topic, and structure the essay to consider the purpose, audience and topic. Effective arguments are well-informed, have a debatable claim, disprove opposing claims with evidence, and support the position with facts, statistics, expert quotes, and examples.
The argument paper 2013
This document provides guidance on writing an effective argument paper. It explains that an argument paper must present a debatable topic or position. The paper should follow a classical structure, including an introductory paragraph with a clear thesis statement, background information, reasons and evidence to support the thesis, anticipated objections and rebuttals, and a concluding paragraph with a call to action. When developing the argument, writers should use logical reasoning supported by specific examples, consider opposing positions, and maintain a reasonable tone.
The centrality of argumentComments on Everyone’s An Author Ch.docx
The centrality of argument
Comments on Everyone’s An Author Chapters 17-18
Opening Remarks
An argument refers to any way that human beings express themselves to try to achieve a particular purpose – which, many would say, means any way that people express themselves at all
The world is immersed in argument
You will be a better reader and writing of your own arguments if you understand how they work
Arguments are both seductive and manipulative due to their persuasive nature
Opening Remarks Cont.
Common purpose of argument:
To explore
To understand
To find consensus
To make decisions
To convince or persuade
Arguments are embedded in particular contexts
What works in one won’t work in another
It’s essential to understand how arguments so you can make some effective arguments on your own
Pay close attention to your purpose, intended audience, and the rest of your rhetorical situation
Chapter 17
Analyzing & Constructing Arguments: Those You Read, Those You Write
Opening Remarks
Almost everything represents some kind of argument; therefore, you must understanding them – both those you come across and those you make
You need to understand the arguments that come from other people
Arguments always exist in a larger context, involving more than just one person or group
Arguments start as a response to another argument – statement, event, image, or anything else
Where’s the argument coming from
Look at the source – where is the argument coming from
By looking at the source, we can determine how it affects the argument and how willing we should be to accept what the argument says
As an author, think hard about where you’re coming from in the arguments you make
Consider your word choice (what you say and how you say it), included images, and text design
Consider your attitude and stance toward the subject
What’s the claim?
The easiest claims to identify are those that are stated in an explicit thesis statement
As an author, remember that a claim is more than a personal opinion
A claim must be arguable (worth arguing) by taking a position that is debatable; that others have a different opinion on
State arguable claims as a thesis statement that announces your topic and main points so your readers can follow your thought process
Qualify your thesis statement
Make your claims directly and get to the point quickly
Support your claim with evidence
What’s at stake?
Rhetoricians from ancient Rome have developed stasis theory as a way to identify the crux of an argument by asking 4 questions:
What are the facts?
How can the issue be defined?
How much does it matter, and why?
What actions should be taken as a result?
As an author, use these questions to identify the main point you want to make in an argument
These questions can also help decide the genre of argument you wish to make
Means of persuasion: emotional, ethical, and logical appeals
Emotional appeals (Pathos)
Stir feels and invoke values that the audience is assumed to hold
As a re ...
Argument lesson pp
The document defines an argument as using logical reasoning and evidence to demonstrate that a position or belief is valid. It aims to persuade readers that something is true or to change their beliefs. Key components of an argument include a claim, counterclaims, rebuttals to counterclaims, and supporting evidence. An argumentative essay makes claims based on facts, addresses counterclaims, and uses logic and evidence to convince readers. In contrast, a persuasive essay may rely more on emotion or authority than strong evidence.
Wallace and one other reading -Using the David Foster Wall.docx
Wallace and one other reading
-Using the David Foster Wallace reading, "Consider the Lobster," do people as a culture
and/or as independent thinkers have a moral obligation to consider the way animals
are treated in our food system? Why or why not?
-Even though most average people do not directly cause any harm to animals, should they
feel at all responsible for supporting an industry that does?
- Is it morally okay to eat animals knowing it is not, as Wallace notes, necessary for our
survival?
-We know from the readings that animals are abused during the process of being
harvested, why is that a problem? Why should a person care? Or, why not?
4 pages
MLA
Support from the text must be used in every body paragraph
Criteria for Evaluation:
• Argument: Argument directly and fully answers the prompt; is clearly stated early in the
paper; is original, compelling and logical, avoiding absolute claims
• Evidence: Appropriate amount of relevant, accurate, and justifiably interpreted
quotation. Quotations are thoroughly introduced, explained, analyzed, and connected to
argument. Possible counter-arguments are considered.
• Organization: Paragraphs maintain argumentative focus, exclude extraneous
information, appear in a logical order, and transition smoothly. Introduction sets forth
argument and goals of essay. Conclusion opens up avenues for future research.
• Audience: Consistent, academic tone. Appropriate amount of contextual information,
anticipating audience questions. Addresses significant issues and makes them important
to audience.
• Grammar and Format: Errors in grammar, spelling, and usage limited or non-existent.
Correct MLA format, including proper quotation citation.
Argumentative Synthesis
English 100
What is Argumentative Synthesis?
Break it down:
Argumentative=you have to make an argument in your paper
Synthesis: The combining of separate elements or substances to form a coherent whole (thefreedictionary.com)
You will have to use more than one source for this paper.
What is it?
“In an argumentative synthesis, you use material from various readings to support and illustrate an argument of your own, usually concerning the quality of writing in the source texts or an issue they address” (Wilhoit 179).
Why AS can be challenging:
Complex texts that require critical reading
You will need to critique your sources—strengths and weaknesses
Don’t forget about your argument—it’s the most important!
Why AS can be challenging…
Think about the order in which you will present your claims, evidence, and findings
Documentation, Documentation, Documentation!
Elements of Argument
The claim (thesis)
Should be accurate, clear, and limited
Grounds (evidence)
You will obtain these from your sources
Make sure they are relevant, reliable, and appropriate
Try to include sources/scholars who disagree with you
Warrant (reasoning)
Your explanation of how the evidence you provide supports your c.
argumentation PPT.pdf argumentation PPT.pdf
This document provides an overview of argumentation and the key components of constructing an effective argument. It discusses logos, ethos, and pathos as the rhetorical appeals an argument should utilize. Logos involves using facts, statistics, and evidence to support one's viewpoint. Ethos establishes the author's credibility, and pathos appeals to the reader's emotions. The document also covers inductive vs deductive reasoning, common fallacies to avoid, and how to structure an argument with a clear thesis, introduction, body, and conclusion. Overall, the key is to consider multiple perspectives, support your position with sound evidence, and address your audience respectfully.
Paper 5 Argumentative Research PaperThe research proposal shoul.docx
Paper 5: Argumentative Research Paper
The research proposal should allow you to understand the complexities of a topic that you feel is worth further exploration. Now you’ll use that research to write a thoughtful and persuasive final paper.
As the culminating paper of this course, the argumentative research paper is your chance to pull together all of your learning over the course of the semester. Now that you’ve learned how to appreciate rhetorical strategies, summarize and analyze others’ ideas, transfer concepts into new situations, and write evidence-based paragraphs, this paper is your chance to use all of those skills to persuade other people to take a stand on the issue or to change their stand on that issue. You should present a clearly arguable thesis, backed by credible, sufficient and fully analyzed evidence.
Key Features of a Researched Argument
1. A clear and arguable position. At the heart of every argument is a claim with which people may reasonably disagree. Some claims are not arguable because they’re completely subjective, matters of taste or opinion, because they are a matter of fact, or because they are based on belief or faith. To be arguable, a position must reflect one of at least two points of view, making reasoned argument necessary.
2. Necessary background information. Sometimes we need to provide some background on a topic we are arguing so that readers can understand what is being argued.
3. Good reasons. By itself, a position does not make an argument; the argument comes when a writer offers reasons to back the position up.
4. Convincing evidence. It’s one thing to give reasons for your position. You then need to offer evidence for your reasons. The evidence you use to support your argument will come from the sources you have selected through research.
5. A trustworthy tone. Arguments can stand or fall on the way readers perceive the writer. Very simply, readers need to trust the person who’s making the argument. One way of winning this trust is by demonstrating that you know what you’re talking about. There are numerous ways to establish tone. In this paper you will establish tone through quality writing and proving to your reader that you have done thorough research.
6. Careful consideration of other positions. No matter how reasonable and careful we are in arguing positions, others may disagree or offer counterarguments or hold other positions. We need to consider those other views and to acknowledge and, if possible, refute them in our written arguments.
Guidelines
The essay should
· be 7-10 pages.
· include an accurate MLA heading (student name, instructor name, course, and date) and header (student last name and page number).
· include a title that captures the spirit of its content.
· use 1” margins and Times New Roman 12-point font, with double-spacing throughout.
· include an accurate MLA Works Cited entry.
Dates and Deadlines
Wed., Jul.
4476819.pdf
This document provides an introduction to debate and building effective arguments. It defines key terms used in debate such as facts, opinions, evidence, claims, and affirmative and negative sides. It explains that debate involves arguing both sides of an issue using logic and research to persuade judges. The core of debate is refutation, where debaters make their own arguments and respond to the opposing team's arguments to prove their position is better supported.
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This document provides guidance on writing persuasive and argumentative papers. It defines the key difference between the two types of papers - argumentative papers propose a call to action to solve a problem, while persuasive papers discuss problems that may or may not have clear solutions. Both papers require a clear position, background information, strong reasoning and evidence to support the stance, consideration of other positions, and credible sourcing. The document provides tips on choosing a topic, structuring an argument, addressing counterarguments, and examples of each type of paper.
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The document discusses the differences between argumentative and persuasive writing. Argumentative writing aims to convince the reader that the author's argument is valid by presenting facts, evidence, and acknowledging opposing claims, while maintaining a calm tone. Persuasive writing aims to get the reader to agree with the author's opinion by using emotion and only presenting one side of the issue in an aggressive tone without evidence. The document also provides objectives and definitions for argumentative essays, discusses their purpose and components, and identifies language features commonly used.
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Writing critically (self-study version)
1. Writing critically involves analyzing information, making judgements about its value, and presenting a supported point of view.
2. There are two approaches to presenting an argument - inductive which balances both sides, and deductive which states the viewpoint upfront and aims to convince.
3. Strong arguments provide evidence and reasons to support generalizable claims, while acknowledging other perspectives cautiously through language like "may" instead of definite statements.
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The centrality of argument
Comments on Everyone’s An Author Chapters 17-18
Opening Remarks
An argument refers to any way that human beings express themselves to try to achieve a particular purpose – which, many would say, means any way that people express themselves at all
The world is immersed in argument
You will be a better reader and writing of your own arguments if you understand how they work
Arguments are both seductive and manipulative due to their persuasive nature
Opening Remarks Cont.
Common purpose of argument:
To explore
To understand
To find consensus
To make decisions
To convince or persuade
Arguments are embedded in particular contexts
What works in one won’t work in another
It’s essential to understand how arguments so you can make some effective arguments on your own
Pay close attention to your purpose, intended audience, and the rest of your rhetorical situation
Chapter 17
Analyzing & Constructing Arguments: Those You Read, Those You Write
Opening Remarks
Almost everything represents some kind of argument; therefore, you must understanding them – both those you come across and those you make
You need to understand the arguments that come from other people
Arguments always exist in a larger context, involving more than just one person or group
Arguments start as a response to another argument – statement, event, image, or anything else
Where’s the argument coming from
Look at the source – where is the argument coming from
By looking at the source, we can determine how it affects the argument and how willing we should be to accept what the argument says
As an author, think hard about where you’re coming from in the arguments you make
Consider your word choice (what you say and how you say it), included images, and text design
Consider your attitude and stance toward the subject
What’s the claim?
The easiest claims to identify are those that are stated in an explicit thesis statement
As an author, remember that a claim is more than a personal opinion
A claim must be arguable (worth arguing) by taking a position that is debatable; that others have a different opinion on
State arguable claims as a thesis statement that announces your topic and main points so your readers can follow your thought process
Qualify your thesis statement
Make your claims directly and get to the point quickly
Support your claim with evidence
What’s at stake?
Rhetoricians from ancient Rome have developed stasis theory as a way to identify the crux of an argument by asking 4 questions:
What are the facts?
How can the issue be defined?
How much does it matter, and why?
What actions should be taken as a result?
As an author, use these questions to identify the main point you want to make in an argument
These questions can also help decide the genre of argument you wish to make
Means of persuasion: emotional, ethical, and logical appeals
Emotional appeals (Pathos)
Stir feels and invoke values that the audience is assumed to hold
As a re ...
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Wallace and one other reading
-Using the David Foster Wallace reading, "Consider the Lobster," do people as a culture
and/or as independent thinkers have a moral obligation to consider the way animals
are treated in our food system? Why or why not?
-Even though most average people do not directly cause any harm to animals, should they
feel at all responsible for supporting an industry that does?
- Is it morally okay to eat animals knowing it is not, as Wallace notes, necessary for our
survival?
-We know from the readings that animals are abused during the process of being
harvested, why is that a problem? Why should a person care? Or, why not?
4 pages
MLA
Support from the text must be used in every body paragraph
Criteria for Evaluation:
• Argument: Argument directly and fully answers the prompt; is clearly stated early in the
paper; is original, compelling and logical, avoiding absolute claims
• Evidence: Appropriate amount of relevant, accurate, and justifiably interpreted
quotation. Quotations are thoroughly introduced, explained, analyzed, and connected to
argument. Possible counter-arguments are considered.
• Organization: Paragraphs maintain argumentative focus, exclude extraneous
information, appear in a logical order, and transition smoothly. Introduction sets forth
argument and goals of essay. Conclusion opens up avenues for future research.
• Audience: Consistent, academic tone. Appropriate amount of contextual information,
anticipating audience questions. Addresses significant issues and makes them important
to audience.
• Grammar and Format: Errors in grammar, spelling, and usage limited or non-existent.
Correct MLA format, including proper quotation citation.
Argumentative Synthesis
English 100
What is Argumentative Synthesis?
Break it down:
Argumentative=you have to make an argument in your paper
Synthesis: The combining of separate elements or substances to form a coherent whole (thefreedictionary.com)
You will have to use more than one source for this paper.
What is it?
“In an argumentative synthesis, you use material from various readings to support and illustrate an argument of your own, usually concerning the quality of writing in the source texts or an issue they address” (Wilhoit 179).
Why AS can be challenging:
Complex texts that require critical reading
You will need to critique your sources—strengths and weaknesses
Don’t forget about your argument—it’s the most important!
Why AS can be challenging…
Think about the order in which you will present your claims, evidence, and findings
Documentation, Documentation, Documentation!
Elements of Argument
The claim (thesis)
Should be accurate, clear, and limited
Grounds (evidence)
You will obtain these from your sources
Make sure they are relevant, reliable, and appropriate
Try to include sources/scholars who disagree with you
Warrant (reasoning)
Your explanation of how the evidence you provide supports your c.
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Paper 5: Argumentative Research Paper
The research proposal should allow you to understand the complexities of a topic that you feel is worth further exploration. Now you’ll use that research to write a thoughtful and persuasive final paper.
As the culminating paper of this course, the argumentative research paper is your chance to pull together all of your learning over the course of the semester. Now that you’ve learned how to appreciate rhetorical strategies, summarize and analyze others’ ideas, transfer concepts into new situations, and write evidence-based paragraphs, this paper is your chance to use all of those skills to persuade other people to take a stand on the issue or to change their stand on that issue. You should present a clearly arguable thesis, backed by credible, sufficient and fully analyzed evidence.
Key Features of a Researched Argument
1. A clear and arguable position. At the heart of every argument is a claim with which people may reasonably disagree. Some claims are not arguable because they’re completely subjective, matters of taste or opinion, because they are a matter of fact, or because they are based on belief or faith. To be arguable, a position must reflect one of at least two points of view, making reasoned argument necessary.
2. Necessary background information. Sometimes we need to provide some background on a topic we are arguing so that readers can understand what is being argued.
3. Good reasons. By itself, a position does not make an argument; the argument comes when a writer offers reasons to back the position up.
4. Convincing evidence. It’s one thing to give reasons for your position. You then need to offer evidence for your reasons. The evidence you use to support your argument will come from the sources you have selected through research.
5. A trustworthy tone. Arguments can stand or fall on the way readers perceive the writer. Very simply, readers need to trust the person who’s making the argument. One way of winning this trust is by demonstrating that you know what you’re talking about. There are numerous ways to establish tone. In this paper you will establish tone through quality writing and proving to your reader that you have done thorough research.
6. Careful consideration of other positions. No matter how reasonable and careful we are in arguing positions, others may disagree or offer counterarguments or hold other positions. We need to consider those other views and to acknowledge and, if possible, refute them in our written arguments.
Guidelines
The essay should
· be 7-10 pages.
· include an accurate MLA heading (student name, instructor name, course, and date) and header (student last name and page number).
· include a title that captures the spirit of its content.
· use 1” margins and Times New Roman 12-point font, with double-spacing throughout.
· include an accurate MLA Works Cited entry.
Dates and Deadlines
Wed., Jul.
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This document provides an introduction to debate and building effective arguments. It defines key terms used in debate such as facts, opinions, evidence, claims, and affirmative and negative sides. It explains that debate involves arguing both sides of an issue using logic and research to persuade judges. The core of debate is refutation, where debaters make their own arguments and respond to the opposing team's arguments to prove their position is better supported.
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আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
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বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
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- 1. Group members: Tashanie Ramchandar Bibi Isahack Devina Dyal Salandra Dublin Charlene Haymer
- 2. • The argumentative essay is a genre of writing that requires the student to investigate a topic; collect,generate and evaluate evidence; and establish a position on the topic in a concise manner.
- 3. • Classical Argument The most common type of argument Present the main argument, state your opinion, and do your best to convince the reader why your stance is the right one. Also called Aristotelian, this is the most popular strategy for making an argument because it’s the most simple line of thinking to follow. It’s effective when your audience doesn’t have a lot of information or a strong opinion about your topic, as it outlines the facts clearly and concisely. Toulmin Argument This is used to analyze an argument Present the problem, acknowledge the opposing side of the argument, state your point of view, and explain why yours is the most beneficial to the reader. This type of argument is effective for polarizing topics, as it acknowledges both sides and presents the middle ground. • Rogerian Argument This is used to analyze an argument while providing a middle ground between two parties. Present your claim, present grounds to back up that claim, and then justify that the grounds are linked to the claim. This type of argument is also effective for polarizing topics, but rather than present both sides, it presents one, hinging particularly on facts presented in a way that makes the claim difficult to argue with.
- 4. Structure of Argumentative Essay
- 5. • The Introductory Paragraph • The Thesis Statement • Body Paragraph • Conclusion
- 6. • Argumentative language is logical, rational and convincing.
- 7. • When pointing out opposing arguments Opponents of this idea claim/maintain that... Those who disagree/are against these ideas may say/assert that... Some people may disagree with this idea... • When stating specifically why they think like that They claim that...since....
- 8. • Reaching the turning point However But On the other hand,
- 10. • Offer facts, reasons, and evidence to show the author’s valid points • Logic-based • Acknowledges the opposing claims • May compare ideas to establish a position • Presents multiple sides but it is clear as to which is the author’s side • Always provide evidence with claims