Area navigation (RNAV) allows aircraft to navigate from point A to point B without directly overflying navigational aids like VOR stations or NDBs. It uses waypoints defined by latitude/longitude or as a radial and distance from a VOR to create a more direct flight route. On a VOR-based RNAV system, the RNAV computer uses the aircraft's VOR receiver and CDI to calculate headings, speeds, and times to fly between each waypoint, displayed as phantom stations on the CDI. This allows aircraft to navigate a direct path between locations rather than following a less efficient route connecting individual navigational aids.