This document summarizes the assessment of navigation infrastructure to support area navigation (RNAV). It discusses the requirements for RNAV performance and the suitable ground-based and space-based infrastructure needed to meet those requirements. It also reviews the current navigation infrastructure, including VOR, DME, NDB and GPS, and assesses issues with coverage, performance, costs and potential outages. It outlines the target navigation strategy and infrastructure evolution by 2015, focusing on multisensor options and rationalizing ground infrastructure while developing space-based systems like GPS and Galileo.

1. ASSESSMENT OF NAVIGATION INFRASTRUCTURE FOR RNAV Presented by G. Richards

2. Presentation Overview Requirements Infrastructure evolution Associated Issues

3. Infrastructure to Provide Area Navigation Ground based - NDB, VOR, DME Space based - GNSS, GBAS, SBAS Airborne systems - IRS/INS, RNAV, FMS Navigation Databases Spectrum

4. Requirements for RNAV RNAV performance: accuracy, integrity, availability, continuity dictated by airspace requirements RNAV performance depends upon infrastructure capability and/or airborne implementation ground/ space infrastructure capability to be established and upgraded if necessary

5. TGL Requirements Suitable Infrastructure TGL 2 B-RNAV TGL10 P-RNAV  VOR/DME  VOR/DME *  DME/DME  DME/DME  Loran C*  INS*/IRS  INS/IRS  GPS*  GNSS (ABAS)* * operational limitations VOR, DME and NDB required to ensure reversionary capability

6. Operational Requirements navigation infrastructure monitoring multi-sensor RNAV systems (>1 source) reversionary capability until 2010 (VOR, DME, NDB) equipment conformance to RNAV MASPS after 2010 identification of critical navigation aids obstacle clearance assessment based upon the infrastructure giving the worst case performance database integrity checked pre-flight

7. Nav Data Requirements all co-ordinates shall be published in the WGS-84 reference system data quality (content, integrity, timeliness, consistency) maintained from survey through to end-user

8. Strategic Requirements “ a judicious deployment of space based infrastructure and rationalisation of ground infrastructure” cost effective, customer oriented evolution results in cost savings to Service Providers, which may be translated in lower route charges to Operators avionics equipage costs should be minimised

9. Current Infrastructure DME 1021 facilities TACAN 180 (published in AIPs) VOR 663 facilities NDB 806 facilities GPS 28 satellites support en-route, TMA and NPA operations suitable coverage to support B-RNAV and P-RNAV down to FL95 limited coverage below FL95 VOR and DME primary input for majority of RNAV/FMS

10. Current Infrastructure

11. Infrastructure Assessment

12. Navigation Infrastructure Evolution 2010 2005 2000 2015 DME GPS SBAS GBAS NDB VOR GALILEO

13. Navigation Strategy Targets circa 2015 En-route TMA On board Performance Multisensor Options RNP  1 RNAV RNP x RNAV DME GNSS INS/IRS

14. VOR&DME Issues coverage - line of sight; limited to DOC - significant at lower FLs DME/DME performance dependant on geometry (subtended angle) limited DME transponder capacity (may become significant in TMA) high costs of VOR facilities rationalisation - Demeter tool

15. GNSS Issues Coverage terrain shielding - may become significant at lower FLs Potential GNSS outage availability and integrity - AAIM & RAIM - preflight checked AUGUR tool (internet based) GBAS and SBAS infrastructure

16. Data Issues ICAO SARPS Annex 15 integrity requirements for aeronautical co-ordinate data are not met. Electronic Format Transfer to a Common Format Identifiers Resolution of Inconsistencies Traceability CRCs/Headers/Completeness AIP Formats Old to New Consistency Resolution/Accuracy/Multiples WGS84 Compliance Use of * for Non-Compliance

17. Spectrum Issues threats from other industries e.g. telecoms and from competing aviation systems e.g. DME vs. GNSS regulatory system - commercially driven, aviation not suitably represented limitations on current and new navigation frequencies aviation plans unreliable and incoherent e.g. ILS/VOR vs. FM Broadcast

18. Summary Requirements  Infrastructure evolution Evolution: rationalisation GNSS development High integrity database New frequencies Avionics for RNAV Stakeholder’s commitment

19. Questions??

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