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Stone age
The document summarizes the three periods of the Stone Age - Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic. It describes tools, dwellings, food sources, and religious practices in each period. The Paleolithic period saw the earliest stone tools used by hunter-gatherers living in caves. The Mesolithic period introduced smaller polished stone tools and early domestication of animals. The Neolithic period marked the emergence of permanent settlements, polished stone tools for farming, and early social organization and religious practices like burial and ancestor worship.
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Stone age
- 1. S T ON E A G E *by Willayat Ali
- 2. PERIODS OF STONEAGE PLALEOLITHIC up to 8000 B.C Old stone age L-5lakh-40th, M-10th , U-8th MESOLITHIC 8th to 4th B.C Middle stone age NEOLITHIC 9th , 8th to 2500 B.C New stone age
- 3. PALEOLITHIC AGE Stone Tools Hand axe Scraper Chopper Grinder Hummer Arrow heads Flakes Burins
- 4. AREA • RAJSTHAN • GUJRAT •M.P • T.N • U.P • KASHMIR • MAHRASHTRA • ORRISSA • BIHAR • A.P
- 5. FOOD AND CLOTHING •Hunter and food gather • Cover their bodies with leaves and skins • Tree barks, vegetable, fruits, meat
- 6. HOUSE AND SHELTER •Caves • Under groves of trees • Later huts
- 7. Other activities • Fireinvented • Cooked food • Rock painting and carving • Live in small group
- 8. MESOLITHIC AGE TOOLS • Bonesand Ivory used • Blade • Core • Knives • Chisels • Triangle • Burin • Dagger • points
- 9. AREA • Bago (Rajasthan) •Adamgrah-Bhimbitka (U.P) • Lunghri- (Gujarat) • Sari Nhar Rai (U.P) • A.P • Punjab • Mharashtra • M.P
- 10. Food and Clothing •Hunter and gatherer • Small animal hunted • Wild roots honey collected • Domestication of animal (Adamgrah-U.P) • Sewed skin cloth
- 11. Dwellings • Ordinary housesof brunches and grass • Caves • Animal fate burned during night to light • Cave paintings
- 12. Religion and otherActivities • Invented needles • Burial system • Material buried along with • Skelton with ornament found • Facing towards west or east • Pottery making • Paintings • Dancing singing • Making basket • Hut decoration • Sowing seeds
- 13. Difference between Paleolithicand Mesolithic Tools • Paleolithic tools was 1. Rough 2. Big 3. Crude 4. unpolished • Mesolithic tools was 1. Polished 2. Microliths
- 14. Methods of MakingTools • Stone on stone Pressure flaking
- 15. Neolithic age • TOOLS Polishedand beautiful tools used 1. Polished axes 2. Blades 3. Arrowheads 4. Ring stone 5. Sickle 6. Plough 7. Harpoon 8. Muller
- 16. Areas • Chotanagpur • Uppergangatic basin • Karnataka • Mehergrah (Pakistan) • Burzaham • Gufkral (Kashmir) • Porkalam (karalla) • M.P • Orissa • Hyderabad • Madras • Bundelkhand • Bihar • Assam
- 18. Dwellings • Hut ofmud and stone • Roof plastered with mud • Wall paintings • Village life • Tribe (JAN) • Concept of property • Started social organization • Chief of tribe (RJAN) • Formation of social political system in INDIA
- 19. Religion 1. Sources • Burialsystem and material remains 1. Seems ancestral worship 2. Performed large no of rites 3. Probably they worship Sun, Water, Tree 4. Belief life after death 5. Vessels full of ashes found which shows cremation (Hyderabad, Mysore)Maski ,Saleem 6. Stone worship 7. Worship of phallus 8. Human and animal sacrifice
- 20. Food and Dress •Cooked food • Wheat, Barley, Fish, Rice, Honey • Milk and milk product • Learn to make Curd, Butter, Ghee • Grown cotton • Cotton cloth • Wool of animal used • Ornaments of Precious Stone, Ivory and Bone • Dhoti, Skirt • Hair style
- 21. Occupation 1. Left nomadlife and made advance towards Civilization 2. Domestication of animal • Dog, Sheep, Goat, Pig, Buffalo, Ox, Ass, Deer, Horse 1. Domestication of plants • Agriculture became main occupation • Wheat, Rice, Barely, Mize, Vegetable, Fruits, etc.
- 22. Other art • Inventionof wheel • Making cart • Making of fine pottery with design • Varity of pots • Hut decoration • Chalcolithic culture • Trade (barter system) • Wall paintings • Ornaments making
- 23.