1. Archaeology, or archeology, is the study of human activity in the
past, primarily through the recovery and analysis of the
material culture and environmental data that they have left behind,
which includes artifacts, architecture, biofacts (also known as eco-facts)
and cultural landscapes (the archaeological record). Because
archaeology employs a wide range of different procedures, it can be
considered to be both a science and a humanity,[2] and in the
United States it is thought of as a branch of anthropology,[3] although
in Europe it is viewed as a separate discipline..
3. Numismatics
Numismatics is the study or collection of currency, including coins, tokens, paper
money, and related objects. Whilenumismatists are often characterized as students
or collectors of coins, the discipline also includes the broader study of money and
other payment media used to resolve debts and the exchange of goods. Early money
used by people is referred to as "Odd and Curious", but the use of other goods in
barter exchange is excluded, even where used as a circulating currency (e.g.,
cigarettes in prison). The Kyrgyz people used horses as the principal currency unit
and gave small change in lambskins;[1] the lambskins may be suitable for numismatic
study, but the horse is not. Many objects have been used for centuries, such
as cowry shells, precious metals, and gems.
4. Monuments
A monument is a type of structure that was
explicitly created to commemorate a person or
important event, or which has become important
to a social group as a part of their remembrance of
historic times or cultural heritage, or as an
example of historic architecture. The term
'monument' is often applied to buildings or
structures that are considered examples of
important architectural and/or cultural heritage