Arab spring
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The document provides background information on the Arab Spring uprisings that began in 2010-2011 in several Arab countries. It summarizes the key events in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, and other countries where protests erupted against authoritarian regimes. Some key causes of the Arab Spring mentioned include high youth unemployment, lack of political freedom, corruption, and economic issues. The document discusses the role of social media in coordinating protests and notes that while some countries saw regime changes, the uprisings in other countries like Syria led to ongoing civil wars. It raises questions about the future impacts on the region in terms of democracy, security challenges, and the influence of external powers.
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The document summarizes the key events and causes of the Arab Spring uprisings that began in 2011 in Tunisia. It discusses how the self-immolation of fruit vendor Mohamed Bouazizi sparked protests over economic issues like unemployment, poverty, and corruption. These demonstrations spread and led to the overthrow of some authoritarian regimes. However, the document notes the Arab Spring also resulted in state collapse, rising terrorism, and new authoritarian governments in places like Egypt. It evaluates factors like weak governance, lack of political freedom and democracy, poor public services, and economic issues as underlying causes. The relevance of state efficiency and stability is discussed, as weak and fragile states are more prone to issues like terrorism and violence.
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The Arab Spring uprisings successfully removed long-standing dictators in some countries like Tunisia and Egypt, but also led to instability, violence, and civil wars in countries like Libya, Yemen, and Syria. While the removal of corrupt leaders was initially hopeful, the uprisings unearthed deep religious and political divisions in societies and unstable transitional governments failed to establish democracy. Ongoing conflicts have negatively impacted economies and deterred investment. The uprisings also altered regional powers like Iran, Qatar, and Turkey's roles and geopolitical influence.
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The document discusses the Arab Spring uprisings that began in late 2010 and 2011 across several Middle Eastern and North African countries. Key events and causes discussed include:
- Widespread protests in Egypt led to the overthrow of President Hosni Mubarak in February 2011 after 18 days of demonstrations against corruption, unemployment, and censorship.
- In Libya, civil war broke out as rebel groups fought against Gaddafi's regime, resulting in NATO intervention and Gaddafi's death by October 2011.
- Syria experienced brutal government repression of protests demanding democratic reforms, with thousands of civilian deaths as the conflict escalated.
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- The uprisings have altered regional power dynamics and introduced tensions between Turkey, Israel, Iran, and other countries.
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Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
8
Chronology – The Soviet Bloc and Its Demise Events of the Soviet Bloc and Its DemiseDatesDeath of Joseph Stalin1953Rise of Nikita Khrushchev1955Khrushchev’s de-Stalinization speech1956Removal of Khrushchev1964The Brezhnev era1964–1982Rule of Andropov and Chernenko1982–1985Gorbachev comes to p ...
Current issues & future
This document discusses several topics related to current issues and the future, including the impact of globalization and Islam, theories of globalization, and the clash of civilizations theory proposed by Huntington and Fukuyama. It also mentions the September 11, 2001 tragedy in New York City and efforts for civilizational dialogue through the United Nations. Globalization is said to have impacted consumerism, politics, economics, media, and society through the rise of multinational corporations and the spread of Western culture and technology. Huntington argued civilizations will increasingly clash, while Fukuyama saw the spread of liberal democracy and capitalism after the Cold War's end.
Us iran anti war movement
This document summarizes the perspectives of an Iranian feminist collective, Raha, on building solidarity with popular uprisings in Iran and the Middle East, while opposing foreign military intervention. It argues that the anti-war movement should stand in solidarity with struggles for self-determination and against state repression in Iran by recognizing the humanity and agency of the Iranian people. It critiques refusing to take a position on internal affairs in Iran as hypocritical and disconnecting the movement from social justice. The document advocates building grassroots cross-border solidarity instead of looking to governments or NGOs to support human rights.
Notes aplenty cold war
The document provides an overview of key concepts in communism including definitions of bourgeoisie, proletariat, and means of production. It discusses Marx and Lenin's views on how capitalism would be overthrown through violent revolution led by the proletariat or vanguard party. The stages of history are defined by the economic system and mode of production. The document also examines communism in practice under Stalin and some economic issues with centrally planned economies like shortages and lack of choice.
Module 1 - Peace and Conflict in an Interdependent World
The document provides an introduction to issues in global politics and international relations. It discusses several key concepts including states, nations, international organizations, non-governmental organizations, multinational corporations, mass media, individual leaders, refugees, and illegal groups. It also examines different theoretical perspectives on international relations such as realism, liberalism, and constructivism. Models of the international system structure, including bipolar, unipolar, tripolar, and multipolar systems, are presented. Theories on the post-Cold War world order like the end of history, tripolar world, and clash of civilizations are summarized along with their critiques. Finally, centripetal and centrifugal forces shaping global integration and dispersion are
Totalitarian leaders1
Stalin took power in the Soviet Union after Lenin's death and immediately began purging his opponents through death and terror. He implemented collectivization of farms and five-year plans to industrialize the USSR and build up its military through a command economy with total government control. This led to totalitarian rule through fear, censorship, propaganda, and secret police. Similarly, Mussolini and his fascists took power in Italy in 1922 and established a totalitarian fascist state through extreme nationalism, military expansionism, and by demanding total obedience to the state apparatus. Hitler also came to power in 1933 and quickly dismantled Germany's democracy to construct a Nazi totalitarian regime based on racial ideology that systematically oppressed Jews and other groups through the Gestapo secret police and fascist propaganda
Running head Arab Spring1Arab Spring9The Arab Spring A Brief.docx
Running head: Arab Spring 1
Arab Spring 9The Arab Spring: A Brief Study of Social Movements
Student X
University of Maryland University College
SOCY 100
Professor David Huff
The Arab Spring: A Brief Study of Social Movements
On December 17, 2010 a young man in Tunisia stood in front of a local municipal office and set himself on fire, setting in motion a social movement that would lead to a series of uprisings that spread rapidly across Arab nations. Through his act of self-immolation, 27-year-old Mohammed Bouazizi became a martyr for those campaigning for social-economic equality. Since that fateful day in December 2010, the social movement, termed the Arab Spring by various western institutions, has taken hold in numerous Arab nations across northern Africa and the Middle East, often resulting in violent demonstrations and uprisings that have toppled several long standing regimes. The Arab Spring is a complex social movement with many facets, however, a cursory examination of the movement provides one with insight and understanding into the basic dynamics and variables that comprise social movements.
Arab Spring: A Brief Background
The Arab Spring, a term referring to the widespread string of uprisings across the Arab world beginning in 2010, was a social movement that sought to transform the political social, and economic landscape of Arab nations. Although the origins of the Arab Spring is a debated topic, many attribute it to the self-immolation of Mohammed Bouazizi in December 2010, which set off a series of demonstrations and uprisings in numerous northern African Arab nations, and eventually into middle eastern Arab nations.
It all began when Tunisian police harassed Mohammed Bouazzi, a street vender, and confiscated his cart of produce. After being denied an audience with the local governor the same day, Bouazizi set himself ablaze in protest of police corruption and his inability to earn a living because of social-economic inequalities. As news of Bouazizi’s self-immolation spread rapidly through various social media platforms, demonstrations and protests demanding the end of oppressive regimes began to sweep across Arab nations (Eldin & Salih, 2013). Within a year, the world would see revolutions that toppled regimes in Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya, as well as violent civil uprisings in Syria and Yemen (Eldin & Salih, 2013). In addition, sustained protests have occurred in Bahrain, Jordan, Morocco, Algeria, Oman, and Iraq (Eldin & Salih, 2013).
In many instances, authorities responded to Arab Spring demonstrations with violence, at times even employing pro-government militia. For instance, in Bahrain two protestors were killed in March 2011 when soldiers and riot police drove out protestors with the use tear gas and armored vehicles (CBS News [Video file], 2011). In Syria where anti-government protests began in January 2011, 136 protesters were killed on July 31, 2011 when Syrian tanks stormed several cities (Wemple, 2011).
To d ...
week 13
This document discusses revolutions in the Middle East region beginning in 2011. It provides background on reasons for revolution, including state terrorism and security issues faced by citizens. It then summarizes some key revolutions in different countries: Egypt's revolution resulted in Hosni Mubarak's removal from power; Tunisia's uprising was in response to corruption and police injustice; Libya's protests turned into a civil war that toppled Muammar Gaddafi; and Yemen and Syria faced armed uprisings against authoritarian regimes that led to massive killings. The role of social media in spreading awareness of these revolutions is also examined.
The failure of neoliberalism in the world
This article demonstrates the failure of neoliberalism in the world and the need for a world government to order the global economy
Fragility and-resilience Relation between Sandro Suzart, SUZART, GOOGLE I...
Sandro Suzart, SUZART, GOOGLE INC and United States on relationship among Demonstrations, 2013. IMPEACHMENTS of 22 governments, Relation, Sandro Suzart, SUZART, GOOGLE INC, United States, Demonstrations countries IMPEACHMENT, GOOGLE INC, the torture suffered by Sandro Suzart, Genocide in Egypt and Lybia.
Similar to Arab spring (14)
ARAB SPRING AND THE THEORY OF RELATIVE DEPRIVATION
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globalization project and ppt and pdf international
globalization project and ppt and pdf international
Chapter 27Brave New World Communism on TrialCopyright © 2.docx
Chapter 27Brave New World Communism on TrialCopyright © 2.docx
Module 1 - Peace and Conflict in an Interdependent World
Module 1 - Peace and Conflict in an Interdependent World
Running head Arab Spring1Arab Spring9The Arab Spring A Brief.docx
Running head Arab Spring1Arab Spring9The Arab Spring A Brief.docx
Fragility and-resilience Relation between Sandro Suzart, SUZART, GOOGLE I...
Fragility and-resilience Relation between Sandro Suzart, SUZART, GOOGLE I...
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Hungarian military and police forces in african peacekeeping missions
The document summarizes Hungary's involvement in various African peacekeeping operations from 1991 to 2018. It discusses Hungary's participation in over 15 UN and EU missions in countries such as Namibia, Angola, Mozambique, Liberia, Uganda, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Congo, Sudan and others. It provides the mandates and number of Hungarian military and police personnel involved in each mission.
Migration routes
This presentation is mapping the migratory routes to Europe, details their characteristics and briefs the ongoing changes in the political-, economic and social sphere. Though many people think that migration towards Europe is a recent phenomenon, it have been lasting – with diverse intensity – for centuries now, even its main tracks remained almost the same. There are routes that are crowded with migrants at one year and – due to European border authorities’ counter-measurements – are empty a few months later.Considering the adaptability of these migratory routes, detecting, tracking and detailing themare a significant challenge, although, in order to manage the recent crisis,analysis and the appropriate use of the information on migratory routes are essential. This motivated me to briefly delineate the main paths used by the illegal migrants on their ways to Europe. This paper however, do not elaborate on the movements within the EU and the ways connecting the member countries.
Camp planing
The document discusses considerations for site selection and planning of camps for displaced populations. Key factors include security, environmental issues, availability of resources like water and construction materials, and cultural/social issues. The document recommends that camps have adequate space per person, access to water sources, and account for local conditions and needs of displaced communities. Site selection is important to protect health and safety, manage the situation effectively, and ensure basic needs are met while minimizing environmental impact.
Hungarys contribution to african peacekeeping operations lessons learned
Hungary has contributed personnel to numerous UN and EU peacekeeping missions in Africa since the late 1980s. These missions included observing ceasefires and peace agreements in Angola, Mozambique, Liberia, Rwanda, Western Sahara, Congo, Chad, Somalia and Mali. Hungary's contributions totaled around 284 personnel deployed across these missions. Participating in these missions provided valuable lessons for Hungary. It helped develop language skills, cultural knowledge of African countries, and IT and peacekeeping training for Hungarian armed forces.
Logistic challanges in afganisthan
The document discusses the logistical challenges of establishing a Hungarian Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) in Pol-e-khomri, Afghanistan. It provides details on the redeployment of a Hungarian mechanized infantry company to the PRT, including its structure, equipment, and the handover process. It outlines the history and establishment of the Hungarian PRT, its tasks, organization, community projects, and the Baghlan province where it is located. Logistical details are given on camp setup, vehicle assets, and challenges of convoy movements in the region.
Hungarian military and police forces in african peacekeeping missions
Hungarian military and police forces have participated in numerous African peacekeeping operations between 1991-2018. Some of the key missions included:
- UNTAG in Namibia from 1989-1990 to assist with the independence process and elections.
- UNAVEM II in Angola from 1991-1995 to monitor ceasefires and support the peace process.
- ONUMOZ in Mozambique from 1992-1994 to enforce ceasefires, support disarmament, and facilitate elections.
- Many other missions in countries such as Liberia, Uganda/Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Cote d'Ivoire, Sudan, and the Democratic Republic of Congo to monitor ceasefires, support
Hungarian soldiers in angola
experience of Hungarian soldiers in the peacekeeping mission of Angola (UNAVEM II, UNAVEM III, MONUA)
Isis and the human trafficking operations
The document discusses human trafficking by the Islamic State. It has three main motivations for human trafficking: financial benefits, social reasons, and use as a military tool. Financially, human trafficking is a major source of income, generating around $320 million per year. Socially, it intimidates local populations and contributes to migration. Militarily, trafficking enhances morale and recruitment, and is used to weaken opponents by kidnapping individuals. The Islamic State has extensive smuggling networks moving people from West to Syria and vice versa. Overall, human trafficking provides critical financial, propaganda, and military support to the terrorist organization.
EU MILITARY/LOGISTIC ADVISORS ROLE IN AMIS, SPECIALY THE FIELD SUPPORT SERVICE
The document discusses the role of EU military/logistics advisors in AMIS, the African Union mission in Sudan-Darfur, from June 28, 2005 to December 28, 2005. It provides an outline of the advisor's presentation covering topics like the security and humanitarian situation in Darfur, activities of parties involved in the conflict like the GOS and militias, the organization and responsibilities of the Joint Logistics Operations Center (JLOC) which coordinates logistics for AMIS, and suggestions for improving support.
Suicide attacks in africa
The number of the suicide attempts increased dramatically in Africa after the Arab Spring and the following Islamist push. Nowadays, we can consider Nigeria, Somalia and Mali as the most dangerous areas in North Africa.
The main objectives of the different terrorist-groups are various most of the times. Ones oppose foreign presence, others fight for absoluteness of Islam. Certain groups continue their rivalry with each other or against governmental forces for growing their authority. The suicide terror act, the tool for fulfilling their objectives increased alarmingly in every case.
The questions that the current article tries to answer are what kind of tendencies could be observed after 2011 from this point of view, what is the motivation of the perpetrator and what kind of common and different characteristics could be defined among the single terrorist acts.
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Hungarian military and police forces in african peacekeeping missions
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原版制作贝德福特大学毕业证（bedfordhire毕业证）硕士文凭原版一模一样
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
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留信网认证的作用:
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6:个人职称评审加20分
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Suzanne Lagerweij - Influence Without Power - Why Empathy is Your Best Friend...
This is a workshop about communication and collaboration. We will experience how we can analyze the reasons for resistance to change (exercise 1) and practice how to improve our conversation style and be more in control and effective in the way we communicate (exercise 2).
This session will use Dave Gray’s Empathy Mapping, Argyris’ Ladder of Inference and The Four Rs from Agile Conversations (Squirrel and Fredrick).
Abstract:
Let’s talk about powerful conversations! We all know how to lead a constructive conversation, right? Then why is it so difficult to have those conversations with people at work, especially those in powerful positions that show resistance to change?
Learning to control and direct conversations takes understanding and practice.
We can combine our innate empathy with our analytical skills to gain a deeper understanding of complex situations at work. Join this session to learn how to prepare for difficult conversations and how to improve our agile conversations in order to be more influential without power. We will use Dave Gray’s Empathy Mapping, Argyris’ Ladder of Inference and The Four Rs from Agile Conversations (Squirrel and Fredrick).
In the session you will experience how preparing and reflecting on your conversation can help you be more influential at work. You will learn how to communicate more effectively with the people needed to achieve positive change. You will leave with a self-revised version of a difficult conversation and a practical model to use when you get back to work.
Come learn more on how to become a real influencer!
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Career goals serve as a roadmap for individuals, guiding them toward achieving long-term professional aspirations and personal fulfillment. Establishing clear career goals enables professionals to focus their efforts on developing specific skills, gaining relevant experience, and making strategic decisions that align with their desired career trajectory. By setting both short-term and long-term objectives, individuals can systematically track their progress, make necessary adjustments, and stay motivated. Short-term goals often include acquiring new qualifications, mastering particular competencies, or securing a specific role, while long-term goals might encompass reaching executive positions, becoming industry experts, or launching entrepreneurial ventures.
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The Intersection between Competition and Data Privacy – COLANGELO – June 2024...
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This presentation by Professor Giuseppe Colangelo, Jean Monnet Professor of European Innovation Policy, was made during the discussion “The Intersection between Competition and Data Privacy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 13 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/ibcdp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
IEEE CIS Webinar Sustainable futures.pdf
The importance of sustainable and efficient computational practices in artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning has become increasingly critical. This webinar focuses on the intersection of sustainability and AI, highlighting the significance of energy-efficient deep learning, innovative randomization techniques in neural networks, the potential of reservoir computing, and the cutting-edge realm of neuromorphic computing. This webinar aims to connect theoretical knowledge with practical applications and provide insights into how these innovative approaches can lead to more robust, efficient, and environmentally conscious AI systems.
Webinar Speaker: Prof. Claudio Gallicchio, Assistant Professor, University of Pisa
Claudio Gallicchio is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Computer Science of the University of Pisa, Italy. His research involves merging concepts from Deep Learning, Dynamical Systems, and Randomized Neural Systems, and he has co-authored over 100 scientific publications on the subject. He is the founder of the IEEE CIS Task Force on Reservoir Computing, and the co-founder and chair of the IEEE Task Force on Randomization-based Neural Networks and Learning Systems. He is an associate editor of IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems (TNNLS).
Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations – ROBSON – June 202...
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This presentation by Professor Alex Robson, Deputy Chair of Australia’s Productivity Commission, was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the 77th meeting of the OECD Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition – LIM – June 2024 OECD discussion
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This presentation by Yong Lim, Professor of Economic Law at Seoul National University School of Law, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition – SCHREPEL – June 2024 OECD dis...
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Pro-competitive Industrial Policy – LANE – June 2024 OECD discussion
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Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition – OECD – June 2024 OECD discussion
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This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
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Psychological safety in teams is important; team members must feel safe and able to communicate and collaborate effectively to deliver value. It’s also necessary to build long-lasting teams since things will happen and relationships will be strained.
But, how safe is a team? How can we determine if there are any factors that make the team unsafe or have an impact on the team’s culture?
In this mini-workshop, we’ll play games for psychological safety and team culture utilizing a deck of coaching cards, The Psychological Safety Cards. We will learn how to use gamification to gain a better understanding of what’s going on in teams. Individuals share what they have learned from working in teams, what has impacted the team’s safety and culture, and what has led to positive change.
Different game formats will be played in groups in parallel. Examples are an ice-breaker to get people talking about psychological safety, a constellation where people take positions about aspects of psychological safety in their team or organization, and collaborative card games where people work together to create an environment that fosters psychological safety.
Pro-competitive Industrial Policy – OECD – June 2024 OECD discussion
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This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Pro-competitive Industrial Policy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/pcip.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
The Intersection between Competition and Data Privacy – CAPEL – June 2024 OEC...
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This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations – OECD – June 2024 ...
Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations – OECD – June 2024 ...OECD Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the 77th meeting of the OECD Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Disaster Management project for holidays homework and other uses
It talks about disaster management in a helful way.
Using-Presentation-Software-to-the-Fullf.pptx
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怎么办理(lincoln学位证书)英国林肯大学毕业证文凭学位证书原版一模一样
原版定制【微信:bwp0011】《(lincoln学位证书)英国林肯大学毕业证文凭学位证书》【微信:bwp0011】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信bwp0011】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信bwp0011】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
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Disaster Management project for holidays homework and other uses
Disaster Management project for holidays homework and other uses
Arab spring
- 1. Arab Spring Lt. Col. JÁNOS BESENYŐ (PhD)
- 2. Thinkabout it… What comes to mind when you think about the Arab Spring? Is it revolution? What is a revolution? Why now? Why this region? Is it over and/or was it successful? What was/is the significance? Effect on Europe? USA?
- 4. History Unexpected social and national movement which started in 2010-2011. Named “Arabic Spring” to make a reference to the people spring from 1848, 1968, and 1989 Tunis: The self-immolation of a street vendor Mohammed Bouazizi (26) in the town of Sidi Bouzid - protest - „Jasmin Revolution” - President Ben Ali ousted, and government overthrown. Egypt: Khaled Said beaten dead by police - protest - President Hosni Mubarak ousted, and government overthrown. Libya: civil war, UN, NATO, EU, USA role - intervention - Kadhafi overthrown Syria, Yemen, and Bahrain: Civil uprisings against the governments, despite government changes. Morocco, Jordan, Kuwait, Iraq, and Oman: Major protests implementing government changes in response to protests. Algeria, Iran, Mauritania,Western Sahara etc.: protests without changes
- 5. Characteristics Arab, not Sectarian (in general) Lower classes, Students, Laborers, Military Populist Role of the Social Media (Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, etc.) Civil Resistance (strikes, protests, and demonstrations) U.S. supported authoritarian regimes After a short period western countries support the Arab Spring
- 6. Causes Demographic structural factors (demographic boom, desertification, lack of drinking water) Current economic crisis, inflation, living standards decrease (middle class), unemployment, extreme poverty concentration of wealth in the hands of autocrats, tribalism A young, educated (literacy rates, availability of higher education), and idol populace Lack of perspective for youngsters Democratic deficit: dictatorship & authoritarian regimes Human rights violations Government corruption, nepotism Expression of liberty
- 8. contestation Interests of external actors Non violence No leadership Use of facebook, internet Domino effect. Rebuild geopolitics : Security, economy, oil…
- 9. Impact of the Arab Spring Egypt got closer to Iran, but other sunni countries afraid from shiite „empire” Islamist freedom – salafists, etc. – stronger position Sharia law Christian winter Security challenges to westerner countries Migration Most of the earlier problem are still exist
- 10. Questions ? A new mediterrean Union ? A democracy from “inside” ? Risk of fundamentalism ? The decline of the big power ? US, EU ? The raise of new mediators ? Turkey ?
- 11. What is coming?
- 12. Biography János Besenyő, Viktor Marsai: The first anniversary of the „Arab Spring” – What kind of change have taken place since then- Tradecraft Review, Periodical of the Military National Security Service, 2012, 2. Special Issue, pp. 5-16, http://real.mtak.hu/83773/7/2012_2_spec-5-16.pdf János Besenyő, Roland Gömöri: Arab Spring, Christian Fall? – The situation of Christian minorities in the Middle East after the Arab Spring – International Institute for Counter-Terrorism, Herzliya, 2013. június, http://www.ict.org.il/Article/998/Arab_Spring_Christian_Fall