Chapter 27 Brave New World: Communism on Trial Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. The Postwar Soviet Union: Focus Questions How did Nikita Khrushchev change the system that the Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin had put in place before his death in 1953? To what degree did his successors adopt Khrushchev’s policies? Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. 2 The Postwar Soviet Union (Part 1 ) From Stalin to Khrushchev Stalinism in action Exploitation of Soviet labor Citizens asked to suffer for a better tomorrow Secret police and Siberian concentration camps The rise and fall of Khrushchev An innovator – he had to overcome the conservative instincts of the Soviet bureaucracy and those of the majority of the peoples De-Stalinization Voted out of office because of “deteriorating health” Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. 3 The Postwar Soviet Union (Part 2 ) The Brezhnev years (1964–1982) A controlled society Restrictive policy toward dissidents Media controlled by the state Conformity was the rule A stagnant economy The absence of incentives An aging leadership Moscow seemed stuck in a time warp Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. 4 The Postwar Soviet Union (Part 3 ) Cultural expression in the Soviet Union Expected to follow party line No criticism of social conditions was permitted In the satellites, cultural freedom varied from country to country Social changes Elite privileged class possessed political power – received special privileges Women’s pay unequal – worked “double shift” Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. 5 The Disintegration of the Soviet Empire: Focus Questions What were the key components of perestroika, which Mikhail Gorbachev espoused during the 1980s? Why did it fail? Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. 6 The Disintegration of the Soviet Empire (Part 1) The Gorbachev era Perestroika or “restructuring” of economic policy; beginning of a market economy Glasnost or “openness” encouraged discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the Soviet Union Congress of People’s Deputies chosen in competitive elections Gorbachev was the Soviet Union’s first president Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. 7 The Disintegration of the Soviet Empire (Part 2) End of an empire Ethnic groups call for sovereignty Growing disorder within the country A “commonwealth of independent states” Eastern Europe: From satellites to sovereign nations Elections in Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia East Germany’s political and economic reunification with West Germany Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. 8 Chronology – The Soviet Bloc and Its Demise Events of the Soviet Bloc and Its DemiseDatesDeath of Joseph Stalin1953Rise of Nikita Khrushchev1955Khrushchev’s de-Stalinization speech1956Removal of Khrushchev1964The Brezhnev era1964–1982Rule of Andropov and Chernenko1982–1985Gorbachev comes to p ...